《后汉书·阴兴传》翻译

《后汉书·阴兴传》翻译
《后汉书·阴兴传》翻译

阴兴字君陵,光烈皇后母弟也,为人有膂力。建武二年,为黄门侍郎,守期门仆射,典将武骑,从征伐,平定郡国。兴每从出入,常操持小盖,障翳风雨,躬履涂泥,率先期门。光武所幸之处,辄先入清宫,甚见亲信。虽好施接宾,然门无侠客。与同郡张宗、上谷鲜于襄不相好,知其有用,犹称所长而达之;友人张汜、杜禽与兴厚善,以为华而少实,但私之以财,终不为言:是以世称其忠乎。第宅苟完,裁蔽风雨。

阴兴,字君陵,是光烈皇后母亲的弟弟,生平臂力很强。建武二年,(他)担任黄门侍郎,(兼任)期门仆射,参与东征西伐,平定(天下)郡国。阴兴经常跟随主上出入宫廷,经常手持小盖,(为主上)遮挡风雨,手和鞋子经常会粘上污泥,(“躬”通“肱”。手臂从肘到腕的部分。泛指手臂)在期门堪为表率。光武帝临幸的地方,他就先进去清理宫室(清走闲杂人等),很被亲信。虽然他乐于施舍和结交朋友,然而门下没有好勇斗狠之人。(他)和同郡的张宗、上谷的鲜于襄关系不好,(然而)知道他们有本事(用,本事,本领),仍称赞他们的长处和他们交往。他的友人张汜、杜禽与阴兴关系很好,但是(阴兴)认为他们华而不实,只用钱财与他们交往,最终也不说什么:因此,世人称赞他忠厚啊。他的住宅勉强算完备,只能遮挡风雨。(裁,通“才”。)

九年,迁侍中,赐爵关内侯。帝后召兴,欲封之,置印绶于前,兴固让曰:“臣未有先登陷阵之功,而一家数人并蒙爵士,令天下觖望,诚为盈溢。臣蒙陛下、贵人恩泽至厚,富贵已极,不可复加,至诚不愿。”帝嘉兴之让,不夺其志。贵人问其故,兴曰:“贵人不读书记邪?'亢龙有悔。'夫外戚家苦不知谦退,

嫁女欲配侯王,取妇眄睨公主,愚心实不安也。富贵有极,人当知足,夸奢益为观听所讥。”贵人感其言,深自降挹,卒不为宗亲求位。十九年,拜卫尉,亦辅导皇太子。明年夏,帝风眩疾甚,后以兴领侍中,受顾命于云台广室。会疾廖,召见兴,欲以代吴汉为大司马。兴叩头流涕,固让曰:“臣不敢惜身,诚亏损圣德,不可苟冒。”至诚发中,感动左右,帝遂听之。

光武九年,升任侍中,被赐与关内侯的爵位。皇帝和皇后召见阴兴,想给他封官,把印绶放到他面前,阴兴坚决推辞说:“我没有第一个登上敌人城墙、冲锋陷阵的功劳,而一家几人一起被赐予士这一爵位,(已到了)让天下人抱怨的地步,(封赏)确实够多的了。我受到陛下、贵人很深的恩泽,富贵已经到了最顶层了,不能再变得更好了,发自内心地不想要封赏了。”皇帝夸奖阴兴能推辞(富贵),不勉强他的意志。贵人问他原因,阴兴说:“您没有读过《书记》吗?“亢龙有悔”,外戚家人受害于不知道谦和避让,(要)嫁女儿(的时候)想要配给王侯,(要)娶妻的时候就渴望公主,我的内心是在不安啊。富贵有尽头,做人应该知足。炫耀富贵更加会被看到和听到的人指责。”贵人被他的言语感动,深深地弯下腰作揖(挹,通“揖”,降,上对下施礼谓之降,此处不译),醉酒没有替宗亲求取官位。光武十九年,被封为卫尉,也辅佐教导皇太子。第二年夏天,皇帝迎风头晕的毛病加重,皇后让阴兴担任侍中,(阴兴)在云台的广室接受(皇帝的)临终遗命。碰巧皇帝痊愈,召见阴兴,想让他代替吴汉做大司马。阴兴边叩头边流泪,坚决推辞说:“我不敢顾惜自身,(只是这么做)确实有损您的圣德,我不能胡乱答应。”其至诚发自内心,令周围的人都很感动,皇帝于是听从了他的意愿。

二十三年,卒,时年三十九。兴素与从兄嵩不相能,然敬其威重。兴疾病,帝亲临,问以政事以群臣能不。兴顿首曰:“臣愚不足以知之。然伏见议郎席广、谒者阴嵩,并经行明深,逾于公卿。”兴没后,帝思其言,遂擢广为光禄勋;嵩为中郎将,监羽林十余年,以谨敕见幸。显宗即位,拜长乐卫尉,迁执金吾。

阴兴光武二十三年去世,当时年龄是三十九。阴兴向来和堂兄阴嵩不和睦,然而敬仰他的威严与稳重。阴兴突然大病,皇帝亲自来探视(居高临下,谓之临),向他询问国事,问他认为群臣谁贤谁不贤。阴兴顿首(古时的一种礼节,可不译)说:“我十分愚昧。没有能力了解这么多。然而我看到议郎席广、谒者阴嵩,二人品行可做榜样(经,范也,即榜样),通晓大的道理(深,此处为名词),超过其他公卿。”阴兴去世之后,皇帝想起他的话,于是提拔席广做光禄勋;阴嵩做了中郎将,监管羽林军十多年,以谨慎严整著称。显宗即位,拜他为长乐卫尉,又升任执金吾。

永平元年诏曰:“故侍中卫尉关内侯兴,典领禁兵,从平天下,当以军功显受封爵,又诸舅比例,应蒙恩泽,兴皆固让,安乎里巷。辅导朕躬,有周昌之直,在家仁孝,有曾、闵之行,不幸早卒,朕甚伤之。贤者子孙,宜加优异。其以汝南之鲖鲖阳封兴子庆为鲷阳侯,庆弟博为氵隐强侯。”博弟员、丹并为郎,庆推田宅财物悉与员、丹。帝以庆义让,擢为黄门侍郎。庆卒,子琴嗣。建初五年,兴夫人卒,肃宗使五官中郎将持节即墓赐策,追谥兴曰翼侯。琴卒,子万全嗣。万全卒,子桂嗣。

永平元年皇帝下诏说:“已故侍中卫尉、关内侯兴,统领禁兵,随天子平定天下,应当以军功卓著接受封赏和爵位(封,资财也),又诸舅比例,应蒙恩泽,兴皆固让,安乎里巷。辅导朕躬,有周昌之直,在家仁孝,有曾、闵之行,不幸早卒,朕甚伤之。贤者子孙,宜加优异。其以汝南之鲖鲖阳封兴子庆为鲷阳侯,庆弟博为氵隐强侯。”博弟员、丹并为郎,庆推田宅财物悉与员、丹。帝以庆义让,擢为黄门侍郎。庆卒,子琴嗣。建初五年,兴夫人卒,肃宗使五官中郎将持节即墓赐策,追谥兴曰翼侯。琴卒,子万全嗣。万全卒,子桂嗣。其他国舅也一样,应当沐浴皇恩,阴兴都坚决推辞,安于在陋巷中生活。辅佐教导我,有周昌那么正直;在家仁义孝顺,有曾子、闵子的德行,不幸早年去世,我为此十分伤感。贤者的子孙,应该加以特别优待。应该拿汝南的鲖鲖阳来封他的儿子阴庆做鲷阳侯,阴庆的弟弟阴博做氵隐强侯。阴博的弟弟员、丹二人做了郎,阴庆把田地、房屋、财产全部让给了员和丹。皇帝因为阴庆能谦让,提升他为黄门侍郎。阴庆去世后,他的儿子阴琴继承官位。建初五年,阴兴的夫人去世,肃宗派五官中郎将持节杖去墓地赐予文书,追谥兴翼侯。阴琴去世,他的儿子万全继承禄位。万全去世,他的儿子阴桂继承了父职。

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历年专八英译汉翻译真题 1995 I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life? For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self? I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.” Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us. 对我的几个儿子来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜,垂钓来的鱼,邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居,作为回报,我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是,你如何来衡量那静谧与安详?如何来衡量自我价值呢? 我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入:比如汽油价格上涨,开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田;那里充斥着凶残和偏狭,大城市的种种卑劣行径,小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此,当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为,而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时,就更难以忽视它们。 1996 It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America – a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将,他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源,是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利,也很多好消息可供炒作。例如,美国上下一片和平,美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外,这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助,因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是,他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根,他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·F·肯尼迪总统以来,里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统:一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。

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