人教版英语中考总复习. 定语从句的用法(基础讲解)

定语从句的用法

责编：王晓丽

【真题再现】

1. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him.( 临沂)

A. whose

B. which

C. /

D. who

2. — Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (《舌尖上的中国》)? ( 咸宁)

— Yeah! It’s the most funny one ________ I have ever seen.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where

3. — Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher? ( 滨州)

— Oh, she is my sister.

A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. where

4. Do you know the man _______ saved five people in the fire? ( 宜宾)

A. who

B. it

C. when

D. whom

5. He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash. ( 十堰)

A. where

B. what

C. which

D. in which

6. People ______ overweight need more water than thin people. ( 呼和浩特)

A．who is B．which are C．that is D．who are

7. When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.（广东）

A. who

B. that

C. which

D. whom

8. — Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? ( 泰安)

— The man _______ T-shirt is red.

A. that

B. who

C. which

D. whose

9. — Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? ( 鄂州)

—I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ________ can hold 300 people?

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. when

10. — What kind of movies do you like? ( 达州)

— I like movies ________ scary monsters.

A. which has

B. that have

C. what has

D. why have

11. The photo _______ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（呼和浩特）

A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was

12. The stone bridge _______ was built in Song Dynasty was repaired last month．（西宁）

A．that B．when C．where

13. —Why don’t you like fishing? ( 河南)

—Fishing is a hobby ___________ needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.

A. who

B. that

C. it

D. what

14. —Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.( 福州)

—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.

A. that

B. which

C. who

15. Language learning isn’t hard itself．The attitude ________ you have decides if you can learn it

well at last. ( 哈尔滨)

A．what B．who C．which

16. —Lily, what kind of museums do you like? ( 厦门)

—I like museums ________ can provide visitors with free WiFi.

A. what

B. that

C. who

17. Have you ever heard of the news _______ is about the Strawberry Concert?( 南宁)

A．who B．what C．which D．when

【答案与解析】

1. D。句意：在曼德拉1990获得自由后，他选择了与想杀他的人握手。先行词指人，所以选who。

2. A。本句意为：——你看《舌尖上的中国》这部纪录片了吗？——它是我看过最有趣的一个纪录片。先行词有最高级修饰，关系代词选that。

3. A。句意：—你知不知道跟我们老师谈话的那个女孩是谁？—哦，她是我的妹妹。本句中先行词是the girl，且the girl做后面定语从句的主语，故选用主格who。

4. A。句意：你知道那个在大火中救了五个人的人吗？根据先行词是man，故选A who。

5. C。本题考查定语从句。限行词the house在定语从句中作built的宾语，所以选which。

6. D。句意：超重的人需要的水比瘦的人多。定语从句的先行词是people，且关系词在从句中作主语，故答案为D项。

7. B。句意：当鲁滨逊到达岛上时，他做的第一件事就是寻找一些食物。本题考查定语从句。先行词指物且被序数词first修饰，故只能选用关系词that，因此B项正确。

8. D。本句意为：——刘华，哪个是你的新邻居？定语从句的关系词whose 等于先行词的所有格（即先行词's）；该题的先行词是the man，所以whose T-shirt = The man 's T-shirt，故答案选D。

9. C。句意：——学校英语口语比赛今晚将在哪里举行?——我不确定。是在能容纳300人的大礼堂吗？where作为定语从句的地点状语；when充当定语从句中时间状语；what充当名词性从句中的主语、宾语和标语。此处作为先行词the hall的定语从句，这个定语从句中缺少主语，故用代词that 来充当。故选C。

10. B。本题意为：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢那种有可怕的怪物的电影。movies 复数名词后面接have，故答案选B。

11. D。句意为：我哥哥上周拍的那张照片很好。先行词“the photo”是单数，定语从句中的谓语

动词用单数形式；由定语从句中的时间状语“last week”可知，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，故选D。

12. A。“The stone bridge”是定语从句的先行词，指物，在从句中作主语，关系词应用that，故选

A。

13. B。句意：—你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？—钓鱼是需要很大的耐心的一种爱好，但我根本没有耐

心。who谁；that那；it它；what什么。先行词a hobby在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词that代替，所以选B。

14. A。本题考查定语从句，先行词前有最高级修饰，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，故选择A。

15. C。句意：语言学习本身并不难。你的态度决定了你最终能否学好它。先行词是“The attitude”，指物，在从句中作have的宾语，使用关系代词that或which，故选C。

16. B。本题考查定语从句，先行词为museums，关系代词在从句中做主语，故选B。

17. C。the new是先行词，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which，故选C。

【用法讲解】

考试要求：

定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准

确理解句子的意思相当重要。

1. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

这是他为我生日送的礼物。

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

你认识来宴会的每一位吗？

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。

2. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

（1）who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。

（2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？

Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

你要见的李先生已经来了。

（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。

（4）which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

字典是一本解释单词意思的书。

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

这是老师昨天提到的那本书。

（5）that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.

我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

正在那儿读报纸的人是谁？

（6）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

就在我离开那天他到得北京。

（7）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的那个房子。

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。

3. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。

（1）作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

湖北生产的汽车销售得很好。

（2）作宾语：

例如：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. 她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。

The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.

奶奶给我的那本书叫《大逃亡》。

（3）作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。

例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字？

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

她的父亲是一位老师的那个女孩学习很努力。

（4）作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。

This is the house where I was born.

这是我出生的那个房子。

4. 具体使用时注意下列问题：

只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。

例如：All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。

(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。

例如：This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.

这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。

例如：It was the second house that I bought.

这是我买的第二个房子。

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

这是我今年读过的最好的书。

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。

例如：He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.

他谈论他记起得的人和事。

只能用which，不能用that 的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。例如：

I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.

我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。

(3) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。例如：

He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

他在比赛中成功了，这使他父母很高兴。