浅析汽车底盘异响故障的辨别和诊断

浅析汽车底盘异响故障的辨别和诊断

摘要：现如今，购车已经成为每个家庭正常开支的范畴，国内汽车保有量急剧增长，汽车损伤、碰撞事故也时有发生。在汽车维修方面，汽车底盘常见故障诊断分析与维修也呈现上升趋势。在实践中，汽车底盘常见的故障主要表现为在特定的环境下，汽车底盘的性能、外观、作用、声响、气味、温度等方面出现异常现象。由于底盘包含的部件比较多，这在一定程度上增加了故障诊断分析与维修的难度，所以，故障诊断分析与维修的过程中，检修工作要细致，对相关的部件一一进行诊断，最终找到问题所在，并采取合适的方法排除故障。

关键词：汽车底盘；异响故障；辨别；诊断

Analysis and diagnosis of automobile chassis abnormal sound fault

Wei daliang、Duan jiaxiu

R&D Center of Great Wall Motor Company,Automotive Engineer ing Technical Center of HeBei,baoding 071000

Abstract: nowadays, car purchase has become the normal expenditure of every family, and the domestic car ownership has increased sharply, and car damage and collision have occurred frequently. In the aspect of automobile maintenance, the common fault diagnosis analysis and maintenance of automobile chassis also show an upward trend. In practice, the common faults of the car chassis are mainly manifested in the performance, appearance, function, sound, smell, temperature and other abnormal phenomena of the automobile chassis under certain circumstances. As a result of the chassis consists of parts is more, this to a certain extent, increasing the difficulty of fault diagnosis analysis and maintenance, so the fault diagnosis analysis and the process of maintenance, repair work to be careful, to diagnosis of related components one by one, finally found the problem, and take the suitable way to troubleshoot.

Key words: car chassis; Abnormal sound failure; Identify; The diagnosis

1汽车底盘异响故障的辨别和诊断

1.1离合器异响

汽车行驶过程中有时踩下离合器踏板就会发出异响，松开后异响就消失了，但也有时候离合器踏板在踩下和松开时都有异响。如果有不正常的响声，就说明汽车离合器出现了异响故障。出现离合器异响故障，一般是因为从动盘、花键套铆钉松动等情况造成的，并伴有车辆行驶中抖动的现象。如果踩下和松开离合器踏板时异响差别很大，有可能是分离轴承出现故障，此时有两种可能：一是分离轴承卡死引起的异响；二是分离轴承缺油、松动引起的异响。如果异响主要是在踩下离合器踏板时发生的，有可能是因为轴承滚动体和滚珠固定架出现了一定程度的损坏。如果稍微踩下踏板也发出异响，则有可能是离合器轴承润滑不足。 1.2变速器异响

变速器的异响部位比较多，出现异响故障相对比较复杂。根据变速器异响的声响与音质来判断，一般有以下几种情况。(1)如发出“哐啷、哐啷”的撞击声，这属于齿轮啮合异响，并和道路条件有一定关系。如车速稳定，响声就会比较小，也有可能直接消失，可一旦变速器温度升高或润滑油较稠，响声就非常大。(2)如发出“哗啦拉”的响声，则说明是变速器中滚动轴承出现破损、磨蚀、润滑不足等问题，从而影响齿轮的正常啮合。(3)起动发动机后，如果没有挂挡就发出“呼隆呼隆”的声音，但踩下离合器踏板后声音消失，这通常与输入轴轴承磨损有关。