2011考研语言学-广州大学(1)

广州大学

2010年研究生入学考试试题（全日制专业学位硕士）

（A/B卷）

招生领域：教育硕士

科目名称：语言学基础

科目代码：916

Part I Multiple Choice Questions (40marks,2marks each)

Directions: Read the following statements carefully and choose the best answer from the four alternatives. Put your choices on the Answer Sheet.

( ) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human .

A. contact

B. communication

C. relation

D. community

( ) 2. which brand of linguistics studies the meanings of language?

A. phonetics

B. syntax

C. semantics

D. phonology

( ) 3. which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?

A. acoustic phonetics

B. articulatory phonetics

C. auditory phonetics

D. none of the above

( ) 4. in English –ise and –tion are called .

A. prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. free morphemes

( ) 5. is a field of linguistics that studies the sentences structure of language.

A. morphology

B. syntax

C. pragmatics

D. applied linguistics

( ) 6. cold and hot are a pair of antonyms.

A. gradable

B. complementary

C. reversal

D. converseness

( ) 7. speech act theory was proposed by in 1962.

A. Saussure

B. Austin

C. Chomsky

D. Grimm

( ) 8. is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.

A. competence

B. performance

C. learning

D. acquisition

( ) 9. which description of the meaning components of the word “mother” is correct?

A. +human, +adult, —male

B. +human, —adult, +male

C. —human, +adult, —male

D. +human, +adult, +male

( ) 10. most of the violations of the maxims of the cooperative principle give rise to . A.breakdown of conversation B. confusion of one’s intention

C.hostility between speakers and listeners

D.conversational implicatures

( ) 11. according to sequential rules in English, which of the following combinations of sounds is not possible in English?

A. bilk

B. blik

C. kilb

D. lbki

( ) 12. /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning, therefore they are .

A. in phonemic contrast

B. in complementary distribution

C. a minimal pair

D. allophones

( ) 13. is regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.

A. Searle

B. Chomsky

C. Austin

D. Saussure

( ) 14. the fact that children acquire spoken language before they can read or write indicates

that language is primarily .

A. spoken

B. arbitrary

C. human-specific

D. written

( ) 15. of the following items, which one does not belong to the same syntactic category?

A. the student

B. liked

C. an idea

D. the linguistic lecture

( ) 16.the naming theory seems applicable to only.

A. verbs

B. adjectives

C. adverbs

D. nouns

( ) 17.which of the following statements is not used by the speaker to perform certain acts?

A.“I name this ship Elizabeth.”

B.“ I visited my uncle last Sunday.”

C.“I give and bequeath my watch to my brother.”

D.“I bet you sit pence it will rain tomorrow.”

( ) 18.according to its in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.

A. meaning

B. function

C. position

D. sound

( ) 19.which of the following is not included in the advantages of a constituent structure tree?

A.it reveals the linear word order of a sentence.

B.It shows the hierarchical structure of a sentence.

C.It illustrates the syntactic category of each structural constituent.

D.It emphasizes the main suprasegmental features of a sentence.

( ) 20.which one of the following is not a common English address term?

A. first name

B. title alone

C. title, +first name

D. kin term

Part II true or false questions (20marks, 2marks each )

Directions: decide whether the following statements are true or false. Use T for “true” and F for “false”. Write down your answers on the answer sheet.

( ) 1. the British linguist Noam Chomsky is generally seen as the founder of modern linguistics. ( ) 2. creativity is a term used to describe the ability of human language users to discuss topics which are remote in space and time.

( ) 3. modern linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is prescriptive.

( ) 4. M.A.K Halliday is well-known for the two concepts of competence and performance which he first put forward in his book Aspects of The Theory of Syntax.

( ) 5. of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established and until recently the most highly developed, is articulatory phonetics.

( ) 6. the English language is a typical tone language.

( ) 7. Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.

( ) 8. the lexical change as shown in “the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization UNESCO” is called acronym.

( ) 9. morphology studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.

( ) 10. phrase structure rules provide explanations on how syntactic categories are formed and sentences generated.

Part III define four of the following terms (20 marks, 5 marks each)

Write down your answers on the answer sheet.

1.duality

2.suprasegmental features

3.Immediate Constituent ( IC ) analysis

4.Fossilization

5.Creole

Part IV complete 3 of the following tasks with the help of your linguistic knowledge. (30 marks, 10 marks each)

Write your answer on the answer sheet.

1.state the phonetic feature or features which each group of sounds listed below share.

⑴[p] [b] [m]

⑵[g] [p] [t] [d] [k] [b]

⑶[u] [?] [u:]

2.describe this short exchange in terms of the actions performed by the speaker.

⑴Charlie: Are you coming to the party tonight?

⑵Lora: I’ve got an exam tomorrow.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e715411150.html,e 2 tree diagrams to illustrate the 2 meanings of the following sentence.

The boy repairs the bicycle in the house.

4.study the following extract and tell what devices are used to achieve its cohesion.

“And what about interviewing, because you interview a number of politicians like, well, the Prime Minister or the Chancellor or the Exchequer. Is that an easy thing to do, and how difficult is it when you’re interviewing people that you don’t particularly agree with or who get difficult with you during an interview?”

Part V. Essay questions. (40 marks, 20 marks for each)

Directions: choose two of the following topics and write a short essay on each of them. Write your answer on the answer sheet.

1.the mostly widely accepted definition of language is “a system of arbitrary vocal

symbols used for human communication”. Please give a detailed explanation of this definition in your own words.

2.in the field of language study, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and

pragmatics are jointly called micro-linguistics which focuses on the study of language itself. Please tell what specifically each branch of micro-linguistics studies.

3.linguistics is closely related to foreign language teaching in the sense that most foreign

language teaching methods get their theoretical support from linguistic theories. Please take one of the foreign language teaching methods ( grammar-translation method,

audio-lingual method or communicative language teaching or any one else) as an example, to illustrate the influence of linguistics on foreign language teaching.