英国的大众传媒
英国电视市场的大玩家
英国经营广播电视的公司主要有英国广播协会（British Broadcasting Corporation），独立广播公司（ITV Network Limited），第四频道电视公司（Channel Four Television Corporation），第五频道公司（Five）以及英国天空广播公司（BSB，British Sky Broadcasting Group）。现有五个地面广播电视频道，其中BBC 1和BBC 2、Channel 4是公众服务频道；Channel 3（即ITV）、Channel 5（Five）是商业频道。英国的有线电视经营者主要是电缆及无线通讯公司（Ｃable & Wireless Communication），提供卫星电视服务的主要是BSB。从体制上来说，BBC和Channel 4是公营广播公司，Channel 3、Channel 5以及众多的网络及卫星频道是私营体制；但从服务性质来看，五个地面广播电视频道都被赋予了公众服务的职责，独立电视委员会（ITC，Independent Television Commission）负责商业电视台，网络和卫星服务的许可证和监管，公营广播频道Channel 4也属于ITC的管辖范围之内。
公众广播服务机构
BBC
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) 是世界上第一个公众服务广播公司。其前身英国广播公司（British Broadcasting Company）是六家收音机制造商联合创办的商业机构，创立于1922年，得到了英国邮政总局的支持，从而获得收音广播的垄断权。垄断是英国用来解决美国因商业电台林立而带来空中讯号干扰的方案。它的收入主要是许可证费，凡购买有BBC标志的无线电收音机及其接收BBC广播的人都要向邮局缴费，邮局再转交给BBC。1927年之后，英国广播公司转变为公众服务组织，由王室授予特许状，其决策委员会由国家任命，收取许可证费的多少也由国家决定。因此，尽管BBC采用收取许可费而不是广告费的资金来源方式以图保证其编辑的独立性，BBC与所有政党组阁的政府之间的关系一直都很微妙，偶尔也会受制于政府。BBC为英国观众提供多个全国性的公众服务电视频道，包括BBC News 24, BBC Parliament, BBC CBeebies, CBBC, BBC 4, BBC3 以及数字宽屏格式（digital widescreen format）的BBC1和BBC2, 此外还有一个互动频道，观众能够通过英国的数字卫星、数字天线和数据电缆三种数字化平台免费接收这些广播数字频道。其中, BBC1和BBC2历史较为悠久，对英国观众的影响较大。在2002/03年度，这两个公共频道的收视率分别为26.5%和11.2%，BBC1雄居所有频道的收视榜首。
Channel 4
Channel 4开播于1982年底，在威尔士，英国政府迫于一些压力集团的要求，设立了一个单独的威尔士语频道——S4C。它是八十年代期间有线和卫星电视到来之前的最后一个地面广播电视频道。Channel 4成立之时是IBA旗下的子公司，1990年英国广播法案推出之后，它脱离了IBA成为独立法人，由ITC指定它的董事会成员。它的定位是为小众服务的全国性公营电视频道，事实上，它是一个掺杂了公众服务与商业电视服务的混合体, 是英国另一个版本的公众广播服务机构。
在八十年代，Channel 4没有获准销售自己的广告，收入来自于ITV各家地区公司的拨付，1982年，ITV 支持Channel 4的费率占其总收入的4%，1983为12%，1985年时达到17%。Channel 4购买节目的费用通过一系列独立制片公司及其编辑的过滤，间接由广告商承付。自1993年起，Channel 4获权可以销售自己的广告，节目取向也朝着流行品味倾斜，它的核心观众多为年轻人和富有的职业人士，对于广告商来说，这个群体非常有吸引力。从1997年到2000年之间，它的平均年增长率达到11.8%。九十年代后期，众多的批评人士指出，它借着公众服务的保护伞大行商业之道，有悖公平竞争法则。竞争对手认为它要么转制为商业电视台，要么就做一个名副其实的公众广播服务机构，但不应该两者皆是。
商业电视台
独立电视台（ITV）
1955年9月22日，英国的第一个商业电视台ITV（Channel 3）开播，从而结束了BBC自1936年开始的电视屏幕垄断时代，英国广播电视进入到双元体制下的温和竞争状态。之所以称为温和的竞争，是因为BBC与ITV之间是一种争夺观众的时间而不是观众的资费的竞争关系。
ITV由15家地区经销商提供地方及全国广播网服务。2003年10月，控制了ITV四分之三的地区经销商的Carlton和Granada合并，于是原来拥有ITV产权的五家公司变成了四家，九十年代以后，卫星及有线频道雨后春笋般地开通不断分流观众和广告费，再加上第四频道直接进入广告市场，第五频道开通，ITV的地区经销商的广告份额受到严重挑战。
Channel 5
1997年4月份，第五个地面广播频道开通，靠收取广告费作为资金来源。2002年的平均收视率达到6.3%, 较之于前一年的5.7%增加了0.6个百分点。
卫星广播电视台BSkyB
早在60年代，BBC和ITV就通过卫星获取图像，然后用传统的方式转播给英国观众。这是卫星电视在英国发展的第一阶段。第二阶段是在八十年代中期，卫星广播公司绕开BBC与ITV的双元垄断，将生产的节目通过电缆运营商播放给英国观众。第三个阶段始于1989年，卫星广播公司不仅绕开BBC与ITV，而且也不再通过电缆运营商，直接将其原创的节目通过卫星直接广播（DBS），用户只要有碟型卫星天线和解码器，就可以接收卫星广播节目。卫星广播在英国市场获得成功是一个非常艰难的过程，这主要源自于英国人能收到大量免费电视节目，而且阅听者对传统频道有着极强的忠诚度。直到1997年，很多英国人依然锁定三个频道：BBC1，BBC2和ITV。卫星广播电视公司中最强劲的英国天空广播公司BSkyB在经历了多年数目巨大的亏损之后在1994年开始在英国市场取得盈利, 并获得了DBS行业的实质性垄断地位。英国电视的市场特色
强烈的公众服务意识
BBC作为主要的公众服务组织, 其财政主要来源是公众缴纳的许可证费, 凡是接收电视信号的装置(电视、电脑等), 不论是否用来收看BBC的节目, 装置所有者都必须通过邮局向BBC缴费。这一收入方式决定了BBC服务公众的责任和义务。对于商业电视台来说，无论是栏目设置还是节目内容，也要表现出公众服务的责任, 这从他们开始进入市场的时候就被赋予了的。商业电视台的准入壁垒比较高，准许经营商业电视台的公司数量受到限制，并且每十年要重新竞标，成功获得ITC的许可经营的投标公司，标的数目自然是一个非常重要的原因，但标的最高的公司并非一定能获得许可，这些公司还需要能够满足节目服务质量的标准。因此，在英国，商业广播电视机构的商业性慑于公众服务职责不可侵犯的威权，显得比较内敛。
较为强硬的市场监管
英国的广播电视业是一个受到高度监管的行业。1990及1996年英国的广播法案为当前广播市场的监管提供了法律上的依据。对广播节目的内容和节目质量的控制是英国广播电视政策的一个重要方面，目的是为了避免重复英国人为之憎恶的过分商业化的美国广播模式。在这一政策的长期督导下，英国电视总是在试图用高品质的节目去满足多数群体的品味的同时，还提供充足而多样的节目内容保证小众群体的观看需求。尽管1990年广播法案中产生的ITC采取―轻度接触‖的监管办法，降低质量控制的力度，但遵循广播的公共服务职责依然还是无论公营或私营的广播机构的基本原则。基于对商业广播机构为了追逐利润容易放弃传统公众广播服务使命的假设，加诸于ITV公司的法规细则更多于BBC。
此外，对于参与广播服务公司的许可以及对其所有权变更的监督，防止通过所有权的变更所产生的合并与集中对多元主义和文化多样性的破坏。这种强硬的监管环境保证了公共服务的基础，但也限制了传统频道之间的竞争，各频道之间的定位更多是政策驱动而非市场驱动。SBkyS等市场自由度比较大而又不占用公共波长的卫星及有线电视公司的竞争，必将对现有的广播法案带来挑战。
强大的原创能力
BBC是欧洲最大的广播电视节目生产商。在广泛的题材范围内开发高质量，内容有创新的节目一直是这个组织最看重的传统和它的强项。强大的原创能力使BBC的节目在全球范围内获得良好的销售业绩，2002/03财务年度，BBC Worldwide卖出了4万多个小时的电视节目，占英国电视出口市场的54%。ITV 1是欧洲除BBC之外最大的投资原创节目的广播商。此外，英国有庞大的独立广播电视节目制作机构。这些独立公司的存在有利于发展文化的多样性，因此得到政府的鼓励和支持，规定BBC和ITV的25%的节目要从这些公司购入。Channel 4的成立更为英国的独立节目制作公司的繁荣起到了十分重要的作用。作为公营服务机构，Channel 4要为少数群体提供制作成本高昂、品味高雅的节目，诸如歌剧、戏剧以及记录片等。这些节目的制作不是由Channel 4自己承担的，而是由公司外部的独立制片公司制作的。Channel 4更象一个类似于精品书店的广播电视公司，从众多的独立公司制作的节目中精挑细选，保证节目品质，既降低固定资本投入的运营成本，又对节目公司的原创能力提供了刺激作用。
THE BRITISH MEDIA
"media": it is the Latin plural of 'medium', meaning the means by which something is communicated. Television, Radio and Newspapers, Advertising, Music, Posters, Books, Magazines, the Theatre and Cinema are all methods for reaching many people with lots of information and more.
Television
There are five free television channels in Britain (BBC1, BBC2, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5). There are also satellite and cable channels paid for by subscription. BBC has no adverts, funded by license fee. All other channels have advertising.
Channels such as BBC1 offer general entertainment, while others concentrate on specific areas of interest, such as sport, music, movies, and children’s programmes. The largest satellite broadcaster is BskyB (British Sky Broadcasting).
The most popular channels are ITV and BBC 1. BBC 2 and Channel 4 are often called 'minority' or 'alternative' channels because they broadcast programmes which are outside of the mainstream. Channel 5 began transmitting in 1997 but as yet it has failed to attract a significant share of the audience.
The BBC is the one of the world’s largest media organisations, providing five nat ional radio networks, 39 local radio stations and World Service (radio and television) in addition to its two TV services. Its main source of income is the license fee, although it is having to become increasingly commercial, for instance through the sale of programmes, merchandise and technical resources.
Britain's other TV services (Channels 3, 4 & 5 and satellite/cable) rely financially on selling advertising space and sponsorship of programmes.
Soap operas continue to be the most popular TV programmes, followed by drama or adventure series (eg. Casualty or The Bill). Lighthearted shows such as Blind Date and quizzes also attract large audiences. However, the development of more single theme channels on satellite and cable (e.g.. films, news, life styles, music, sci-fi, nostalgia) means that viewers are more easily able to 'filter out' types of programmes which do not appeal to them. And improved technology is leading to cable (community) and pay-to-view television being linked with phone lines, radio, the Internet, and interactive opportunities such as home shopping and banking. –Interactive.
Radio
People in the UK spend almost 16 hours a week listening to the radio. The BBC has five national radio networks, which together transmit all types of music, news, current affairs, drama, education, sport and a range of features programmes. There are also 39 BBC local radio stations serving England and also national regional radio services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
There are three national commercial radio stations. About 200 independent local radio services are also in operation. These stations supply local news and information, sport, music and other entertainment, education and consumer advice. An expansion of local and national radio will be made possible with digital audio broadcasting. BBC digital radio broadcasts began in September 1995. The first commercial digital radio services are due to be broadcast in 1999.
85% of people in Britain today listen regularly to the radio. The sector which attracts the largest audience is independent local radio, broadcasting to young people in a largely music format.
Speech-based programmes tend to dominate BBC Radio 4 and 5 schedules, as well as Talk Radio. BBC Local Radio, targeting people over 40, feature about twice as much speech as music. Restricted Service Licenses or RSLs are issued by the Radio Authority for small community- or college-centred radio stations which are then permitted to broadcast for a limited period.
Changes in Regulation
Broadcasting in the UK is undergoing radical change. The availability of more radio frequencies, together with satellite, cable and microwave transmissions, has already made a greater number of local, national and
international services possible. The transition from analogue to digital transmission technology has the potential to expand this capacity enormously.
Digital broadcasting is a new, more effective way of transmitting radio and television services. It allows much more information than before to be transmitted, and can offer many more channels, extra services, interactivity and higher quality picture and sound to viewers and listeners willing to invest in new receiving equipment. Newspapers
More daily newspapers, national and regional, are sold for every person in Britain than in most other developed countries. On an average day, nearly 60 percent of people over the age of 15 read a national morning paper and over 65 percent read a Sunday newspaper. There are 10 national morning daily newspapers, 9 Sundays, about 1,400 regional and local newspaper titles, and over 6,500 periodical publications on sale. There is no state control or censorship.
There are two types of newspaper, Tabloid and Broadsheet. Tabloids dominate the market; they provide a mainly entertainment and sports news, usually in a sensational or scandalous way, they use their own interpretation of current news issues. The Sun is bought by around 4 million people every day, four times the number who buy the highest selling broadsheet paper, the Daily Telegraph. Middle-range papers (Mail and Express) claim about a quarter of readers, with 'quality' newspapers (The Times, Guardian, Independent, etc) less than 20%
On Sundays, the News of the World is read by up to a third of newspaper readers. It is published by News International which also owns The Sun, The Times, and the Sunday Times, and has a 40% share in BskyB. Many of the large media groups have business interests in other areas of the media (e.g. regional ITV companies, satellite or cable TV, magazines, books or regional newspapers).
In addition to national newspapers, there are also 43 million local or regional papers bought or delivered free to homes in Britain every week.
英国排名前二十名的大学及王牌专业
如今，出国留学已经趋于平民化，英国以其高含金量的学位文凭及优越的教学质量得到国际上的肯定，吸引了无数留学生前来英国留学。然而，对于留学生来讲，选择一所适合自己专业的院校十分困难，那么，2019年英国排名前二十的大学到底有多牛?各自的王牌专业都有哪些?接下来，就随老师来看看吧，希望对大家有所帮助： 1.剑桥大学 闪闪发光的背景：金三角名校、全英最佳学府、书院联邦制大学、“罗素大学集团”成员、诺贝尔奖得主最多、名校中的“高富帅”、世界顶级研究型大学英国留学强势专业：法律、土木工程、地理、英语、机械工程、化学、药学、生物、物理、数学、发展学、材料科学、化学工程、数学、国际关系、计算机与信息系统、电子工程、环境科学和社会学等。 2.牛津大学 闪闪发光的背景：金三角名校、英语世界中最古老的大学、G5超级精英大学世界顶级公立大学、英国研究型大学“罗素大学集团”、“欧洲研究型大学联盟”、“Europaeum”的核心成员
英国留学强势专业：地理、英语、人类学、药学、国际关系、历史、法律、发展学、社会学、环境学、生物、数学、化学、语言学、计算机信息系统、化工和机械等。 3.圣安德鲁斯大学 闪闪发光的背景：公立研究型大学、苏格兰第一所大学、英国留学生满意度高居前列、英语世界中第三古老的大学、声名远扬的教学与研究中心、超过100个国家留学生占据了总数的30%以上 英国留学强势专业：国际关系、地理、物理、历史、化学和会计与金融等。 4.帝国理工学院 闪闪发光的背景：G5超级精英大学、“金砖五校”之一、“罗素大学集团”成员、毕业生起薪为英国之最、享誉全球的世界顶尖高等学府、研究水平被公认为英国大学三甲之列 英国留学强势专业：环境学、化学工程、电子工程、数学、统计、药学、计算机与信息系统、材料科学、化学、生物、商业管理、会计与金融等。 5.伦敦政治经济学院 闪闪发光的背景：G5超级精英大学、英国金三角名校、“罗素大学集团”成员、“伦敦大学联盟”成员、学生国际化是学院的特色之一，44%来自世界其他120多个国家及地区 英国留学强势专业：地理、国际关系、传媒、社会学、会计与金融、政治、人类、经济、历史、法律、商业管理、物理和统计等。 6.杜伦大学
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
英语国家概况—英国
Part One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Land and People Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (500BC~AD1066) Chapter 3 The Shape of the Nation (1066~1381) Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age (1455~1688) Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~1990) Chapter 6 The Economy Chapter 7 Government and Administration Chapter 8 Justice the Law Chapter 9 Social Affairs Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs Chapter 1 Land, People and Language ?1 Different Names for Britain and its Parts The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The geographical names are the British Isles, Great Britain and England. People just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. ?People England is the largest and most populous, almost a quarter of the people lives in England’s prosperous and fertile southeast, with over 7 million in the capital. The majority of the population are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries.These people settled in England and drove the native Celtic people to the mountainous areas of Wales and Scotland. Their language became the official language of the country. Most people in W ales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people who were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. The Irish people were also of Celtic origin. About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and a quarter of the world’s land area. ?Geographical Features There are 3 political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. The island of Ireland is divided into 2 parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with the North-W est slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; the east and south-east are mostly lowlands. There are 3 natural zones of Scotland: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.
英美国家概况总结
英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府 威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府 北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府 伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。 The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。 议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。 玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革： Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。 亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。 文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。 英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。 王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后，儿子Richard 继位，但是统治失败，议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。 光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室（William of Orange橘子？英国的名字真搞笑），用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案，英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。 辉格党和托利党（Whigs and Tories） 两党名称来自光荣革命，辉格党就是后来的Liberal party，托利党是Conservative party
英国大学管理专业排名
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, 完全大学指南The Complete University Guide是英国第三方研究机构一个相对独立的排名，完全大学指南是英国大学排名影响比较广泛的一个排名。主要从入学标准、学生满意度、科研水平、毕业生前景等方面考察。 完全大学指南除了发布英国大学综合排名，同时也发布了不同专业英国大学排名，和立思辰留学360一起来看一下2016年英国大学商科及管理专业排名 毫无意外，排名前5的大学和去年几乎如出一辙。但值得关注的是，杜伦大学异军突起，从去年的20进驻到top10，成为商科院校里的佼佼者。 CUG Rank University Name Entry Standards Student Satisfaction Research Assessment Graduate Prospects Overall Score 20152014
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, 1 1 Cambridge 3.05 78 100.0 1 2 Bath 464 4.32 2.95 89 100.0 3 3 St Andrews 539 4.2 4 2.6 5 79 98.9 London School of 500 3.98 2.95 80 97.6 4 4 Economics 5 5 Warwick 518 3.7 6 2.95 82 97.4 6 20 Durham 452 4.02 2.65 90 96.4 7 7 Lancaster 442 4.03 2.95 83 96.2 8 6 Loughborough 415 4.15 2.70 86 95.2 9 11 Strathclyde 501 4.07 2.85 68 95.1 10 8 Exeter 447 4.12 2.65 80 94.8 11 9 Leeds 437 4.09 2.85 77 94.6 King's College 12 13 488 3.66 2.95 73 93.8 London 13 17 Birmingham 414 3.79 2.65 89 93.4 14 11 City 458 4.07 2.60 72 93.0 15 10 Cardiff 394 4.03 3.00 72 92.3 16 14 Reading 408 4.05 2.50 78 91.6 University 486 4.00 96 91.6 17 32 College London 18 19 Aston 381 4.10 2.70 76 91.5 19 18 Newcastle 419 3.90 2.50 79 91.4 20 27 Surrey 397 4.11 2.50 76 91.2 21 26 York 408 4.11 2.45 75 91.1 22 22 Nottingham 419 3.87 2.85 69 91.0 23 15 Glasgow 442 3.76 2.50 76 90.9 24 23 Edinburgh 458 3.79 2.45 72 90.6 25 25 Heriot-Watt 405 4.12 2.40 74 90.6
英美国家概况之英国
填空题 Chapter 1 1.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts. 4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable. Chapter 2 1.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, when
2017《TIMES》英国大学商科排名
去年的《中国学生留学意向调查报告》显示：41.2%的意向留学生选择就读商科，商科毕业后就业面广、薪资待遇高、工作体面；全球范围内接受过商科研究生教育的学生表示：商科教育帮助自己获得了个人回报93%、职业回报89%、财务回报75%。 学科排名总体排 名 大学 1 3University of St Andrews 圣安德鲁斯大学 2 2University of Oxford 牛津大学 3 12University of Bath 巴斯大学 4 6University College London 伦敦大学学院 5 9Lancaster University 兰开斯特大学 6 11Loughborough University 拉夫堡大学 6 7University of Warwick 华威大学 8 48University of Strathclyde 斯克莱德大学 9 27King's College London 伦敦国王学院 10 13University of Leeds 利兹大学 11 4Durham University 杜伦大学
12 8London School of Economics and Political Science 伦敦政治经济学院 13 19University of Bristol 布里斯托大学 13 9University of Exeter 埃克塞特大学 15 20University of Nottingham 诺丁汉大学 16 18University of Sussex 萨塞克斯大学 17 23University of Kent 肯特大学 18 17University of York 约克大学 19 26Queen's University, Belfast 贝尔法斯特女王大学 20 24University of Sheffield 谢菲尔德大学 20 33Aston University Birmingham 阿斯顿大学伯明翰 22 44University of Aberdeen 阿伯丁大学 23 31University of Reading 雷丁大学 23 32University of Manchester 曼彻斯特大学 23 16University of Birmingham 伯明翰大学
TestforUK英美国家概况英国部分测试题.docx
1.Off the coast of mainland Western Europe lie two islands called the British Isles of which the big one is the island of ___ , or ___ , and the small one is the island of __ . 2.Britainis divided into three par ts: ___ . and . 3.LondonGMT is s hort for, which i s the time o n the line o f __ (deg r ee) longitu de, which pa sses through ____ , a d istrict of s outheast, u sed as a bas is for calcu lati ng time throughout t he world in d iff ere nt ti me zon es. 4.United KingdomThe national fl ag of thei s also calle d ____ or __ . 5.Englandwas once conquer ed by , ____ z and . 6.EnglandOf the fou r nations,feel mo st British,is the most confid ent of its o wn identity’and__ i s most clos ely related to. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html,Monetary unit of is __ . https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, , __ , and are majo r industries in. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, __ , ___ , and __ a re major tr ading partne rs of. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html,is k nown as"； due to its decline s in economy . 11.National Ho liday of UK is ___ ? 12.and weakened the European monarchies,and introdu ced the age of con stitut ional mon arc hy, a mon arc hy with powe rs limited b y Parliame nt ? 13?UKThree major national pa rties of ar e ___ , and . 14. Depe nding on the rela tive st re ngt hs of the pa rties in the House of Co mmons, the 0 pposition ma y try to ove rthrow the G overnment by defeating i t on a vote. 25.The Prime Minis ter's offici al reside nee is ______ ,which is the symbol of t he British G overnment. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html,In , Ministers are appoint ed by the Qu een on the r ecommendatio n of __ ? 17.EnglandAs the langu age of, Eng lish is a la nguage belon ging to the branchofthe family. 18.S tandard Engl ish is vario usly known a s ___ …__ a nd ___ or __ . https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, and are very p opular Chris tian festiva Is in. 20. a system n ow in gen era I use of arr an ging the m on ths in the year and th e days in th e mon th, int roduced by P ope Gregory X III (1502-85). 21.The only re ally importa nt patriotic festival is ____ on w hich __ are remember ed in specia I church ser vices and ci vicceremoni es. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html,The popul ation ofis nearly million. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, , and __ are the main language us ed in. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, is nationa I nickname o f. 25?The Engli sh have a mi xed cultural heritage co mbining , ____ 〃and element s. 26.The Englis h have many differences in regional speech. The Chief divisi on is betwee n _ and __ . 27.WalesThe ancestors of the Welsh w ere _________ ,who escaped to the wild mountains of form the i n vadi ng Angl es and Sax on s. 28.Today abou t_____ % of the Welsh p opulation st ill speak We Ish as their first Iangu age and abou t ______ % of the Welsh p eople speak only Welsh,and
英国大学研究生排名
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0513241947.html, 近年来，去英国留学的人越来越多。立思辰留学360表示，英国教育制度历经数百年的发展，以高水准的教学质量而名扬四海。且英国作为现代大学的发源地，世界最古老大学坐落的地方，素以高水平的教育和严谨的学风为特色。 《完全大学指南》英国大学排名是英国影响最为广泛的大学排名之一，主要从入学标准、学生满意度、科研水平、毕业生前景等方面考察。2016年最新《完全大学指南》英国大学专业排名已经火热出炉，立思辰留学360分析下面是2016年英国大学建筑学专业排名，供大家参考！ 《完全大学指南》2016英国大学排名之建筑学专业排名 CUG Rank University Name Entry Standards Student Satisfaction Research Assessment Graduate Prospects Overall Score 20152014 1 1 Bath 577 4.45 2.90 86 100.0 2 2 Cambridge 571 4.20 3.10 82 98.9 3 4 Edinburgh 527 3.73 2.90 90 97.0 4 3 University College London 499 3.77 3.05 88 96.5 5 5 Newcastle 43 6 4.20 2.70 90 95.4 6 7 Sheffield 510 4.26 2.98 74 95.4 7 6 Cardiff 494 4.04 2.75 80 94.6 8 12 Nottingham 487 3.85 2.35 84 93.3 9 9 Liverpool 429 3.91 3.00 74 92.1
英美文化概况作业
英美文化概况作业 1、what are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? Ex:课件 2、what is the role of the Monarch in the UK? Ex:课件女王 3、how do you comment on the British education system? Ex:与中国教育进行对比阐述。课本。 4、what do you think of the open University in British？ Ex:英国教育起源招生宗旨培养目标 5、how do you comment on the American ? ex:最后一天讲的，找一个点进行对比。 6、how does novel develop in British literature? Ex: 书本上，稍微动脑筋课件上总结 7、what is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature? Ex:美国文学倾教思想如何在教育中体现的？可以以霍森的小说为例解释、 8、why is that theatrical creations have been on integral part of english的 culture for centuries? Ex:课本上。课件里没有 9、summarize the history development of british music? Ex:课本目录。 10、what innovations have the 20th century artist in the United States made in the field of arts? Ex:课本上的。 11、do the Americans share the same weddings traditions with the British people? Ex、课本上的。
英美文化英国历史资料整理
1. The Norman Conquest of England (1066) The Medieval 1．Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death. It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England 2．The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated(查抄，充公) almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. 3．The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin. 2.名词解释: The crusades It's a religous war. Pope urban Ⅱlaunched the crusades in 1095,He issued a call for a "Holy War" to gain control over the Holyland of the middle East.It includes social and political factors.That was the battle cry of the thousands of Christians who joined crusades to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. From 1096 to 1270 there were eight major crusades and two children's crusades, both in the year 1212. Only the First and Third Crusades were successful. In the long history of the Crusades, thousands of knights, soldiers, merchants, and peasants lost their lives on the march or in battle. Richard lion-heart T he crown of England passed from Henry II to his 32-year-old son Richard, a.k.a. Lion Heart. Ri chard I had spent six months of his ten-year-reign abroad.His courage and military(军事的) talent, even before he became king, was famous, earning him the nickname of Coeur de Lion (Lion's heart). By the young age of 16 he was already commanding troops in France, putting down rebellions（叛乱）, and he led the Third Crusade. Meet one's waterloo: used to describe someone who has been defeated badly 3.The Hundred Years war The main reason for this war ? Disputes about the territories and throne between England and France were
英语国家概况 英国&澳大利亚部分Terms
Terms 1. Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter", literally "Great Paper"). In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal Barons (男爵，贵族) and the church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. The Magna Carta is regarded as the foundation of the British Constitutionalism（立宪制度）and it provides the basic principles（基本原则）for the protection of individual rights in both Britain and the United States. 2. The Hundred Years’ War The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, Territory（领土）, security（安全）and the throne（王权）. The Hundred Years’ War promoted the concept of English Nationalism（民族主义）and the development of the textile industry because it reduced the export of English wool （羊毛）. The war raised the social position of the bourgeois（资产阶级）class. All these factors contributed to the decline of feudalism（封建制度）in England. 3. The Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争 Between 1455 and 1485 a series of battles were fought between the two branches of the Plantagenet family, the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and the House of York, symbolized by the white rose, ended with the failure of the House of York. 4. Black Death Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly（致命的）bubonic plague（黑死病）, an epidemic disease(流行病) spread by rat fleas（鼠疫跳蚤）. It was a fierce and widespread outbreak of plague(瘟疫) that ravaged（毁坏）the whole of Europe in the 14th century. It hit England first in 1349 with subsequent waves between 1360 and 1375 . The plague killed perhaps up to one-third of the British population. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labour. 5. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization(机械化) of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile （纺织）industry.