初三567单元笔记上

初三567单元笔记上
初三567单元笔记上

Unit 5

Lesson1

1. step n.脚步步,一步的距离,台阶,阶梯,步骤

v. 踩,踏,迈步 e.g. I’m sorry to step on your foot

词组:step by step 一步一步地

2.set n. 一套,一组(a set of)收音机,电视机

v.摆放,调整钟表,铺桌子,安排确定,(日月星)降落,使某人某事开始做某事,建立

词组:set off 开始,set out出发,set up 建立

e.g. They’ve set off a journey round the world.他们已经开始环游世界了。

Take sb’s picture =take the picture of sb.

2.One man is selling postcards 一个人正在卖明信片

sell v.卖sell sb. sth.= sell sth. to sb

e.g. He would like to sell your camera? = Will you sell your camera to me?

3. I never imagined that you sold so many postcard. 我从没想到过你买如此多的明信片。

1)imagine .v.想象,设想

2)so many 如此多,那么多,修饰可数名词复数,so much 如此多,修饰不可数名词

4.They are only 15 cm side.他们仅有15厘米宽。

用“数词+单位+长、宽、高、重、深。。。”表示某物的长、宽、高、重、深

e.g. Our classroom is 30meters long.

5.I’d rather get smaller postcards. 我宁愿买些小一些的明信片。

Would/had rather do sth.宁愿宁可做某事

Lesson2

1. imagine v.想象(n.)imagination

2. mention v.提及,说起mention sb./sth.( as sth.),mention sb./sth.(to sth.)

n. 提及,说起eg. He made no mention of your request. 他没有提到你的要求。

3. admit v. 允许,许可admit sb./sth.( in/into sth.) 接受某人,容纳,承认,供认,招认

4. fire n. 火,火焰eg. (1) He set fire to the dry grass. 他点燃了干草。

(2) The house is on fire. 房子着火了。

(3) There is a fire in the sitting room. 客厅里有炉火。

词组:catch fire 着火;on fire 燃烧;play with fire 玩火;set fire to sth. = set sth. on fire 放火,使某物燃烧

5. run v. 跑,赛跑,跑步运动,经营,运转,起作用(run –ran –run )

词组:run after 追赶;run across sb./sth. 偶然遇见某人或发现某物;

run away from sth./sb. 回避某事物(某人),逃避;run out (of sth.) 用完,耗尽

6. choice n. 选择,抉择,选择的权利或可能性

eg. (1) We faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临困难的选择。

choose v. 选择,挑选,选取(choose –chose –chosen )

choose between A and/or B,choose A from B, choose sb./sth. as sth.

7. stream n. 河,溪,川,流

eg. (1) There is a small stream running through the words. 有一条小溪流过树林。

v. 流,流动,流淌,流出,飘扬eg. (1) Sweat streamed down his face. 他脸上汗水直流。(2) People were streaming out of the station. 人们涌出了车站。

词语辨析

think of/think about/think over的区别

(1)think of指考虑到某事物,在未进行或决定前考虑某事的可能性,想象某事物,对某事物的见

解,想起或记得某事物,提出或建议某事,think of后面可接名词、动名词或从词。

(2)think about指回想或想起某人某事,考虑到某人某事以及考虑或盘算某事看是否可行,后接名词或动名词。

(3)think over指在做出决定之前慎重思考某事(over是副词)。

短语归纳

1. the size of

2. in front of

3. have a choice

4. look down at

5. run through the palace

6. think about

7. a way out

8. speak the truth

9. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.

10. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.

11. soccer fields

12. point out

13. finish doing sth.

14. inside the palace

15. near the exit of the palace

16. make a good choice

17. many different things

Lesson 3

Phrases

1 work in a palace在故宫工作

2 be famous 著名的

3 your telephone number你的电话号码

4 his story about the dog他的关于狗的故事

5 be late迟到

6 point out to 指向我

7 find out 找出

9 on that day在那天

10 run through several big cities 流经几个大城市

宾语从句专项训练

I.选择一个正确选项填空。

1.I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow._________ he comes,I'll tell you.

A.if;Whether B.if;That C.if;If

2.I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.

A.when does he come B.if he comes C.whether he'll come

3.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

A.what B.how C.where

4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

A.how did he mend B.what did he mend C.what he mended

5.I want to know _________ .

A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is looking C.whom she is looking after

6.Do you know where _________ now?A.he lives B.does he live C.he lived

7.Do you know what time _________ ?

A.the train leave B.does the train leave C.the train leaves

8.I don't know _________ .Can you tell me,please?

A.how the two players are old B.how old are the two players C.how old the two players are

9.The small children don't know _________ .

A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in

10.I can't understand _________ .

A.what does Christmas mean B.what Christmas does mean C.what Christmas means

II.按要求转换句型。

1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us?(改写句子)

→Could you tell us _________ Mr.Brown _________ living in China?

2.“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.(变为复合句)

→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.

3.Jim is not a student.Tom is not a student,either.(合并为一个句子)_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student.

4.When does the train leave?I want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)

I want to know _________ the train _________ .

5.They went home after they had finished their homework.(用not...until改写)

They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework.

6.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)

Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.

Lesson 4

1. wear (wore, worn) wear out

2. cost (cost, cost) Sth.cost(s) sb. some money

spend (spent, spent) Sb. spend(s) some money /some time (in) doing sth./ on sth.

It takes(took) sb. st. to do sth.

pay( paid, paid) Sb. pay(s) sm. for sth.

Some phrases:

1. know about

2. hear about

3. find out about the place

4. on the other side of the town

5. what else

6. one / a pair of

7. a healthy food 8. give more hints 9. the store near our house

10. cost much money

王琪英语初三上期末复习过关练(1)

Unit 5 Postcards from the Palace 1.明信片(n.)__________

2.宫殿(n.)__________ 颐和园_________ ___________

3.脚步,台阶(n.)________ 一步步地_______ _______ _________ 在台阶上____ ____ _______ 4.旅行者(n.)________ 旅游(n.)________

5.导游(n.)________ 旅游指南___________ ________

6.给某人照相______ ______ _______=_______ ________ ______ ________

7.巨大的(adj.)__________ 比________ 最____________ 同________ 反________

8.一组,一套___ ______ _____ 六把成套的椅子_____ ______ ______ ________ ________

9.想象,设想(v.)__________ (n.)______________ 想象做某事_______ _________ ________ 10.提及,说起(v.)_________ 别客气________________ _____ 跟…提起…_____ …______... 综上所述_____ ________ ________ 更别说_______ _______ _________

As I have said above, we’ d better put our heart into practicing English.

=________ ________ above, we’ d better put our heart into practicing English.

11.容许,承认(v.)________ 过__________ 承认做某事________ ________ _________

12.火,火灾(n.)________ 生火______ ____ _______ 灭火_____ ____ ___ ______

着火_____ _________

13.金色的(adj.)_______ 金牌_________ ________ 金发_________ ___________

14.出口(n.)________ 反________ …的出口______ ________ ____

15.跑,流经,进行(v.)______ 过_______ 过分_______ 现分_________ 赛跑者_________

跑开_______ _______ 跑向sp._______ ____ sp. 追赶_______ _______ 用完_______ _____

竞选_______ _________ 经营一家饭店________ ____ _________________

16.选择(n.)_________ (v.)__________ 过________ 过分_________ 现分_________

为…选择….______..._____... 作出一个选择_______ ____ __________

17.桥(n.)__________ 在桥上_______ _______ ________

18.溪流(n.)_________

19.燃烧着的(adj.)____________ 燃烧着的东西__________ _____________

20.材料(n.)_____________

21.事实,真理(n.)________ 说实话_____ _______ ________ (adj.)________ (adv.)_________ 实现________ _________

22.名胜,景物(n.)___________ 失明_______ ________ _________

多美的景色啊!_______________________________________

23.画廊(n.)_________ (pl.)_____________

24.计划(v./n.)_________ 计划做某事________ ____ ____ _______

为…而制定一个计划______ ___ _______ _______ _____

25.改变(v.)________ 把…变成…______...________... 随…而变化______ ______

26.几个,一些__________ 几个瓶子_______ ____________

27.穿,戴(v.)_______ 过________ 过分________ 穿破_______ __________

wear/ put on / dress / have on / in

1) She _______ herself in a skirt.

2) The lady was dressed ______ white at the party.

3) ________ your coat _______ when you go out.

4) She is __________ a white dress today.

5) Did you see a little boy ___________ a red cap?

6) We _______ up for the wedding.

7) Do you like __________ dresses?

8) It’ s cold outside. Please ____________ your coat.

9) He is ________ a white shirt.

10) He ______________ a hat all day.

11) The woman __________ white is my teacher.

12) The little boy is five years old. Every day he _________ himself.

13) She ____________ a red dress and white shoes.

二、单项选择

( )21 –Can you ___ the number of volunteers for beijing Olympic Games ? ---I think there are so many volunteers in Beijing .

A. mention

B. choose

C. imagine

( )22---With the development , some buildings need ___ now . –You’re right .

A. to build

B. to be built

C. built

( )23 ---Why do you look so worried ? ---I lost my keys . I don’t know ___ find it .

A. where I can

B. where can I

C. how can I

( )24 Dragon Tower in Harbin is the first hightest tower made of steel . It’s a ___ tower and attracts many travelers .

A. 318 meters high

B. 318-meters-high

C. 318-meter-high

( )25 ---Who is on duty today ? ---Joy said ___ it was her duty to take care of the sick .

A. what

B. when

C. that

( )26 ---Why do you look ___ the river ? ---I find some beautiful fish swimming in the river .

A. down at

B. up at

C. for in

( )27 ---Do you know the girl with ___ hair standing under the tree ? ---It’s our new English teacher from America .

A. gold

B. golden

C. goodness

( )28 ---How large is the palace ? ---It’s ___ than soccer fields .

A. more bigger

B. much bigger

C. most big

( )29 ---Turn off the TV . It sounds very ___ and there is nothing interesting . ---You are only ___ in sports .

A. boring , interesting

B. boring , interested

C. bored , interested

( )30--- Can you lend me some paper ___ ? --- Here you are !

A. write

B. to write

C. to write on

( )31. ---You mustn’t park you car near the exit ___ the building . ---I am sorry . I didn’t see the si gn .

A. to

B. of

C. for

( )32. ---I spent a lot of time ___ this problem . I haven’t worked it out . ---Why don’t you ask help ask help from the teacher ?

A. solving

B. solve

C. to solve

( )33. Which is NOT the right way to remember the place that you have travel before ?

A. You’d better take some pictures when you are traveling .

B. You can buy some postcards of the city .

C. You can ask the guide some question about the journey payment .

( )34. Mr and Mrs Brown get 2,000 dollars in all from their work every month. The chart on the right shows they spend on elothing and food every month.

A.$ 800

B.$ 900

C.$ 1,000

( )35. Which stress is different ?

A. gallery

B. tourist

C. imagine

三、完形填空(本题共10分,每小题1分)

根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

How do you feel when you have to make a report in front of your classmates? What about when you go to a bitthday party? Do you get 36 shy?

Shyness means feeling nerous or 37 when you’re round other people. Ev eryone experiences(体验)this shyness 38 they grow up. Most people have red faces and talk in broken sentences when they are in the center of attention. It’s OK if it takes you a while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet strangers. 39 , everybody gets a little shy sometimes. It’s just a case(事)of how much. But many teenagers think that they hate themselves and that they won’t fit in the future at come point.

Stop the negative(消极的)thoughts about yourself. If shyness doesn’t keep you 40 something you want to do, being shy isn’t a very big problem. Some experts say shy people are not only cleverer, but also better at working with others, because they think more and talk 41 . Some great people in history were shy, too.

You see, being shy isn’t all 42 . But remember not to let good chances

43 just because of it ! Your shyness will 44 . When you grow up year after year, you’ll become brave enough to speak to anyone. But now, you need practice! If you have to sing a song at a party, just do it! There’s nothing to be afraid of !

Remember,though you’re shy,you do not lack in(缺少)45 .Cone on,our shy sriends!

()36.A.rtue B.real C.really

()https://www.360docs.net/doc/3712738992.html,fortable B.frightened C.proud

()38.A.as B.since C.by

()39.A.What is worse B.In fact C.For example

()40.A.to do B.doing C.from doing

()41.A.much B.more C.less

()42.A.good B.bad C.wonderful

()43.A.go down B.go over C.go by

()44.A.past B.pass C.passed

()45.A.confidence B.confident C.confidently

四、阅读理解(本题共20分,每小题1分)

(A)

Nowadays more and more people care about the exploiation(开采)of the natural resources,such as oil.Though there’re many kinds of resourees, with the fast inorease of population and the appeararice of many more factories, the more we use, the fewer there will be left for the future, Oil is getting less and less year after year. It’s said that oil can last for only 50 years. Natural gas perhaps will last about 38 years.

Oil can be used in many ways and it’s difficult to imagine what the modern world will be like without oil. But oil isn’t easy to find and get out of the earth. Men nust study the rochs. When they think the rocks in a certain place may have oil, a metal tower is built, A machine in the tower cuts a hole down into the groud. At the same time, a steel pipe(钢管)is pushed down to stop the sides from falling in and to keep out water. At last if the men are right, usually the oil rushes up the sides with great force(力量)by the pressure(压力)of the gas in the top of the rock, and it rushes high into the air. If the oil catches a light, there will be a terrible fire. So a kind of cover is fixed on the top of the picpe,and the oil can run out through taps(活塞). If we make a well near the middle of the oil field, we can also get gas. Such gas is sent through pipes to towns far away and used in houses and factories like coal gas.

Today oil is under pressure as never before. The price of oil keeps rising all the time. In many countries,the governments encourage people to save oil as much as possible.

()46.The word“resouree”in the passage means .

A.资源

B.现象

C.商品

()47.Which is the right order of the exploitation of oil?

a.Push down a steel pipe.

b.Study the rocks.

c.Build a metal tower.

d.Oil rushes up.

A.b,c,d,a

B.b,a,c,d

C.b,c,a,d

()48.Which of the following can be true according to(根据)the passage?

A. Coal gas can’t be used in houses and factories.

B. Oil is very important in the modern world.

C. Many governments encourage people to waste oil as much as possible.

()49.According to the passage,the right picture to show the tendency(趋势)to the amount (数量)of oil on the earth is .

()50.The best title for the passage is .

A. The Exploitation of Oil.

B. The Use of Oil

C. The Frice of Oil

(B)

(B)

()51.From the information above, we know the Olympic Games is held every years.

A.3

B.4

C.5

()52.The mascots for Beijing Olympic Games are 2 more than those for Olympic Games.

A.Sydney

B.Los Angeles

C.Atlanta

()53.The mascot for the Olympic Games was the first Olympic mascot in Olympic history.

A.1996 Munich

B.1984 Beijing

C.1972 Munich

()54.The 23rd and 26th Olympic Games were held in the same .

A.town

B.city

C.country

()55.Which of the following information is NOT true?

A. The 1996 Olympic Games was held in America.

B. The 27th Olympic Games was held in Europe.

C. Beijing is getting ready for the 29th Olympic Games.

(C)

Morison and Philip were classmates. They lived in the same town. After they left school, Morison became the manager(经理)of a flower shop and Philip became a doctor in a hospital.

Philip made a girlfriend. He bought a red rose for her each day to show his love, The flowers made her very happy. Sometimes he took the rose to her himself. But when he was busy in the hospital, he asked Morison to give the rose to her instead of him.

One afternoon, Philip came into the flower shop and said to Morison. “I’ll go to another town to work today. I have no time to give the letter and the flowers to my gilfriend. Please glve her the letter and twenty-four roses.”

In the evening, when Morison was closing the dorr of the shop, Philip came.“Morison, how many roses did you give my girlfriend this morning?”asked Philip angrily.

“I gave her thirty,”answered Morison.

“Why did you do that?”asked Philip.

“I thought you often bought roses for her in my shop. I want to give her six roses as the gifts (赠品).Six is a good number,you know,”said Morison.

“How foolish you are!”He threw his letter on the table.“Read it!”

Morison picked it up and began to read:

Dear Mimi,

I love you very much. Today is your birthday. Please accept my present-some roses, One rose is a year. And the roses are your age.

Yours,

Philip

“She returned them to me,”eried Philip,“you must go and explain it to her.”

根据短文内容判断正、误。

()56.Philip and Morison had different jobs after school.

()57.Mimi never accepted Philip’s flowers.

()58.Philip couldn’t send flowers to Mimi himself on her birthday because he was ill.

()59.Mimi was happy to get six more roses from Philip.

()60.From the passage we know that Mimi was 24 years old at that time.

(D)

(D)

()61.Trees can get light from in the daytime.

A.CO2

B.O2

C.the sun

()62.Chlorophyll is in .

A.sunlight

B.soil

C.leaves

()63.We can get more O2 by .

A. planting more trees

B. cutting trees down

C. making the water in soil polluted

()64.CO2from air and can produce food for trees with the help of chlorophyll and sunlight.

A.water in the sea

B.water from soil

C.water in the river

()65.The picture tells us .

A. how trees let O2 go into air in the sunlight

B. how trees let CO2 go into air in the sunlight

C. the sunlight isn’t important to trees at all

五、任务性阅读(本题共10分,第空1分)

先阅读(A)、(B)两篇短文,然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列四项任务。

(A)

buy explore video allow careful

Jacques Cousteau, a Frenchman, was very interested in diving deep into the sea, and wanted to be an 66 . But at that time, there was no machine 67 a person to breathe under water for a long time. Then in 1943, he and his friend made it possible by inventing the scuba machine. So he 68 a ship and used it to explore under the sea. When he explored the sea, he took pictures and 69 of many things 70 . He even made a TV show which ran for eight years. It was named The Undersea World of Jacques Coustemt. It was very popular and let many people see what life was like under the sea.

(B)

The Great Lakes between the US and Canada are the largest bodies of fresh water in the world. For a long time, people lived happily beside the Lakes until the countries began to build factories along the shores. Pollution was killing the Lakes, Pretty soon, the Lakes’ ecosystem was not right any more. Scientists knew something had to be done. So did the government. They learnt it was important to keep the ecosytem of the Lakes healthy and strong. If the Lakes dried up. the whole world would feel it. Many areas would become deserts and many animals would lose their homes and maybe die out. As a result, they set up a lab called the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory to solve the problem.

任务1:用方框里所给单词的适当形式填空,使文章通顺、连贯、合理。(每词限用一次,每空一词)66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

任务2:根据英文释义及首字母提示,拼写单词。

71.d to stop living

72.s the land along the edge of a large area of water, such as an ocean or lake

任务3:同义句转换,每空一词。

Scientists knew something had to be done. So did the government.

73 scientists 74 the government knew something had to be done.

任务4:根据短文内容简答问题。

75.What was killing the Lakes?

六、交际应用(本题共10分,每空1分)

(A)从A-G选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全对话。(选项中有两项是多余的)

A:What do you plan to do this weekend?

B: 76

A:I hear there’s going to be a basketball match this Sunday.Tom and I are going to watch it. 77

B:Of course. Basketball is my favourite, But I have no ticket for the match. What a pity!

A:You’re lucky. I have some free tickets. 78

B:Greut! 79

A:Let’s meet at the bus stop at half past five.

B:I think there must be a big crowd of people there. 80

A:OK.See you at five o’clock.

B:See you.

A. What about making it a little earlier?

B. I have no idea

C. Let’s share them together.

D. Thank you all the same.

E. Do you all the same.

F. When and where shall we meet?

G. It doesn’t matter.

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

(B)填入一个适当的词补全对话,每空一词。

A:Good morning! Can I 81 you?

B:Yes,please. I’d like to buy a pair of leather tennis shoes.

A:What colour do you want?

B:I can’t decide.

A:Er...We have two colout, Which one do you like better?

B:I think I 82 white to black.

A:What size shoes do you wear?

B:Size 37.

A:How about this pair?

B:They look nice and soft. May I try them 83 ?

A:Certainly.

B:Oh,I’m afraid they’re a little 84 for me.

A:Here’s another pair in Size 38.What do you think of them?

B:Oh,good. T hey’re big enough. How much are they?

A:Two hundred and eighty yuan.

B:They’re too dear.

A:Maybe. But good things always 85 much.

B:OK.I’ll take them.

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

Unit 6

1.silver n.银adj.银色的v.镀银银色的月亮the silver moon

2.almost adv. 几乎两米高almost two metres high

3. boat n. 乘船by boat/in a boat v.去划船go boating 同舟共济be all in the same boat

4. water gun 玩水枪play with water gun

5. 放风筝fly a kite

6. neighbour n.隔壁邻居nest-door neighbours v.与某物相邻neighbour on sth

7. 长大grow up 成年人:grown-up

8. cry v.单三cries 现在分词crying 过去式cried

叫喊cry for sb./sth. 叫起来cry out

需要某事物cry out for sth.

n. 大叫声愤怒的叫声the cry of anger

9. unhappy adj. 反义词happy adv. unhappily n. unhappiness

看起来不开心look unhappy 变反意疑问句He is unhappy, isn’t he?

10. 和某人保持联络keep in touch with sb.

11. news n. 一条消息a piece of news 最新消息the latest news

谚语:没有消息就是好消息No news is good news.

12. lonely adj. 比较级more lonely

感到孤独feel lonely 荒凉的村庄lonely village

13. saying n. 常言道As the saying goes 一句英语谚语a saying in English

ving. 言行应该一致Saying and doing should agree with each other.

14. valuable adj. 比较级more valuable 最高级the most valuable

v. value 给……估价n. valuables 贵重物品n. value 价值

15.离开:move away 搬到move to

16. 担心:worry about

17. museum n. 复数museums 科技馆science museum

参观博物馆visit museum

B. 重点短语

1.grow up 长大成人

2.play with water gun 玩水枪

3.tell jokes 讲笑话

4.contact each other 相互联系

5.keep in touch by/through…通过……保持联系

6.be lonely 孤独的

7.be worried about 为……而担心

8.get a job 找到工作

9.move away 搬迁

10.be happy for sb. 为……而高兴

11.all the time 一直

12.write sb. a few e-mail 给……发了几封电子邮件

13.reply to 回复

14.make friends 交朋友

15. a saying in English 一句英语谚语

16.give sth. To sb. 给某人某物

17.ride on a bike 骑自行车

18.the first step of ……的第一步

王琪英语初三上期末复习过关练(2)3.silver n.银adj. v.镀银

银色的月亮

4.almost adv.

几乎两米高

3. boat n. 乘船boat/ v.去划船go

同舟共济be all in the

4. water gun 玩水枪

5. 放风筝

6. neighbour n.隔壁邻居

v.与某物相邻

7. 长大成年人:

8. cry v.单三现在分词过去式

叫喊cry sb./sth. 叫起来cry

需要某事物cry sth.

n. 大叫声愤怒的叫声the of

9. unhappy adj. 反义词adv. n.

看起来不开心

变反意疑问句He is unhappy, ?

10. 和某人保持联络keep in touch with sb.

11. news n. 一条消息

最新消息

谚语:没有消息就是好消息No is .

12. lonely adj. 比较级

感到孤独荒凉的村庄

13. saying n. 常言道As the 一句英语谚语a in

ving. 言行应该一致and doing should agree with .

14. valuable adj. 比较级最高级

v. 给……估价

n. 贵重物品n. 价值

15.离开:搬到

16. 担心:

17. museum n. 复数科技馆

参观博物馆

Unit 7

1. machine n. 洗衣机washing machine

2. barber n. 理发店the barber shop

3. cut v. 现在分词cutting 过去式cut 过去分词cut

理发cut hair 切碎cut up 砍伐cut down

把某物切成cut sth into 切下cut off

n.伤口腿上的一条很深的伤口a deep cut in leg

4. scissors n. 一把剪刀a pair of scissors

5. vacuum n. = vacuum cleaner 与外界隔绝in a vacuum

v. 用真空吸尘器清扫清扫地毯vacuum carpet 6. million num. 五百万five million 赚一百万make a million

数以百万的millions of 百万富翁millionaire

7. suck v. 现在分词sucking 过去式sucked

用……吸某物suck sth. through

从……中吸suck from sth.

n. 吮吸吮吸某物have/take a suck at sth.

8. wood n. 木头(不可数)森林woods adj. wooden

9. invent v. 现在分词inventing 过去式invented

n. 发明invention 发明家inventor

10. build v. 现在分词building 过去式built 过去分词built

n. 建筑物building 体形build 扩建build on

变得更强更大build up 强身健体build one’s body

11. ago adv. 很久以前long long ago 三天前three days ago

12. sell v. 现在分词selling 过去式sold 过去分词sold

卖得好sell well 卖光sell out 廉价出售sell sth. off

把……卖给……sell sth to sb.= sell sb. sth.

13. nobody pron. 没有其他人nobody else

变反意疑问句There is nobody in the room, is there?

14. haircut n. 理发,剪发的方式

15. mess n. 弄脏、乱make a mess of

adj. messy 比较级messier 最高级messiest

16. photographer n. 缩写:photo 摄影术photography

17. blow v. 现在分词blowing 过去式blew 过去分词blown

吹灭blow out 爆炸blow up

n. 吹风,到户外去吹吹风have a blow=go for a blow

1. A long time ago 很久以前

2.suck ...off 吸出

3.be made of 由。。。制成

4.ten years ago 十年前

5.be invented by 被。。。发明

6.get an idea 有主意

7.be added to 被加到。。。8.be sold out 被卖出

9.go on television 上电视10.over the next ten years 超出下个十年

11.on the Internet 在因特网上pieces of wood 碎木屑

12.Be cooked in 被烹饪成Be given to 被给。。。

13.Be painted to 被漆成A few years ago 几年前

14.Through the Internet 通过因特网

王琪英语初三上期末复习过关练(3)

1.maching n. 洗衣机

2.barber n. 理发店

3.cut v. 现在分词过去式过去分词

理发切碎砍伐

把某物切成切下

n.伤口腿上的一条很深的伤口

4.scissors n. 一把剪刀

5.vacuum n. = vacuum 与外界隔绝

v. 用真空吸尘器清扫清扫地毯

6. million num. 五百万赚一百万

数以百万的百万富翁

7. suck v. 现在分词过去式

用……吸某物

从……中吸

n. 吮吸吮吸某物have/take

8. wood n. 木头(不可数)森林adj.

9. invent v. 现在分词过去式

n. 发明发明家

10. build v. 现在分词过去式过去分词

n. 建筑物体形扩建

变得更强更大强身健体

11. ago adv. 很久以前三天前

12. sell v. 现在分词过去式过去分词

卖得好卖光廉价出售

把……卖给……=

13. nobody pron. 没有其他人

变反意疑问句There is nobody in the room, ?

14. haircut n.

15. mess n. 弄脏、乱make a of

adj. 比较级最高级

16. photographer n. 缩写:摄影术

17. blow v. 现在分词过去式过去分词

吹灭爆炸

n.吹风,到户外去吹吹风have a blow=go for a

王琪英语初三上期末复习过关练(4)unit 7

Lesson 1 Vocabulary

1.单词释义:

(1)I went to the b_____with Tim yesterday.( the barber's; a place where you can have your hair cut)

(2)Why not go there y_____? (of you)

(3)A v______ is beside the door.( an electric machine that cleans carpets.etc by sucking up dirt)

(4)How was your c_______ last Sunday?(to make something shorer by using scissors)

(5)W_________ do some people like to use machines?(for what reason)

2.用所给词的适当形式填空:

(1)The old way is ______(prefer) by Susan.

(2)Mike _______ (visit) the new shop yesterday.

(3)Mother washed _______ (Tim) shirts.

(4)I think computers do problems ______ (fast) than man.

(5)Your hair needs ______ (cut)

Lesson 2 Listening and Speaking

Exercise:

1.补全对话:

A: Look at this special invention. Who invented it?

B. It was invented __1____ a man in Japan.

A.Who should use it?

B.It should be____2___ by people with___3____.

A.Where can we buy it?

B.It is sold only ___4____ the Internet.

A.Do you know___5____ to use it?

B.You may pull down the paper. Then you can blow your nose.

1.______

2._____

3._____

4._____

5._____

2.七选五填空:

A:Hi,Mike。Where did you go?

B: ___6___

A: Lianhua-market? Where is it?

B:____7___

A:____8____

B: Things there are very good and much cheaper.____9____

A: I may go. By the way, did you buy anything?

B: ____10____ and so did John.

6.______

7._____

8._____

9._____10.____

Lesson 3 Reading

单项选择

()1.The Flowbees were_____ very_____ at that time. Because they were useful.

A. sold, good

B. sold, well

C.sell, good

( )2.-The vacuum sucked the dirt______ the floor. -That’s why many people buy it.

A. off

B. out

C. in

( )3.-I’m sorry I’m late. My watch______ . –It’s doesn’t matter.

A. don’t work

B. does n’t work

C. is wrong

( )4.-Reading a lot is a good way ______ English. – You are right.

A. learning

B. for learning

C. to learn

( )5.-Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it, ______ ? -Our teacher often say that to us, too.

A. isn’t it

B. are they

C. is it

( )6.-Where have you been, John ? -I’ve been to the ______ .

A. barber

B. barbershop’s

C. barber’s

( )7.-There’s a big mirror _______ the hall. -It makes the hall very bright.

A. in front of

B. at the front

C. in the front of

( )8.-The Flowbee was _______ useful machine. – I think so.

A. an

B. a

C. the

( )9.-The students are told ____loudly in the meeting-room.—It’s impolite.

A.not to speak

B. to speak

C. to not speak

( )10.-What do you think of the new machine?----_______.

A.Not at all

B. It’s wonderful

C. With pleasure

( )11.-What’s in the barber’s hand?

- The barber is _____ a comb______ his hand.

A.holding, on

B. held, in

C. holding, in

( )12.- This is ____I cut my hair.----- Is the barber here good?

A.which

B. where

C. whom

( )13.- The tailor’s scissors _____new.---En, I can see that.

A. is

B. are

C. be

( )14.- Mary____ in a lawyer’s office. ---I know. And she does a good___.

A.works, work

B. work, job

C. works, job

( )15. Which stress of the following words is different from the others?

A. invention

B. festival

C. haircut

Lesson 4 Grammar

一.单项选择

()1. Meimei’s TV set ____________ at the moment.

A. is mending

B. has mending

C. is being mended

()2. Listen! A new song ____________ in their classroom.

A. teaches

B. taught

C. is being taught

()3. My computer ____________ by him when I went to get it back.

A. was using

B. was being used

C. was used

()4. Those trees ____________ at this time last year.

A. planted

B. were planting

C. has been swept

()5. The classroom ____________. It’s quite clean no w.

A. is sweeping

B. is swept

C. sweeps

()6. This story ____________ many times, but people still like to listen to it.

A. has been told

B. has telling

C. is told

( )7. When we got to the farm, the apples ____________.

A. had picked

B. had been picked

C. were picking ( )8. Before I bought this radio, it ____________ for two years.

A. was used

B. had used

C. had been used ( )9. The paper ____________ away if you didn’t tell me not.

A. would throw

B. will be thrown

C. would be thrown

( )10. I never knew that I ____________ around the school by the headmaster.

A. was shown

B. would be shown

C. was show ( )11. Young trees ____________ good care of, or they will die early.

A. must take

B. must taken

C. must be taken ( )12. Bikes ____________ in the middle of the road.

A. can’t be put

B. can’t put

C. can’t be putted

( )13. This book is no use. I mean it ____________ away.

A. can throw

B. can be thrown

C. can’t thrown ( )14. This kind of bike ____________ in that shop, but I’m not sure.

A. must be bought

B. can’t bought

C. may be bought

( )15. This kind of thing ____________ already ____________ somewhere in the world.

A. has been, happened

B. has, happened

C. will, happen

( )16. The moon ____________ once a year, is that right?

A. is visiting

B. has visited

C. is visited

( )17. The old bridge ____________ hundreds of years ago.

A. is building

B. was built

C. built

( )18. Spaceships without people ____________ some other parts of the universe years ago.

A. have reached

B. were reached

C. reached

( )19. --- How clean and tidy your classroom is!

--- Yes. It ____________ every day.

A. is cleaned

B. was cleaned

C. was cleaning

( )20. That building ____________ in our home town now.

A. is building

B. building

C. is being built

( )21. Can you play games with us when your homework ____________?

A. is finished

B. will finish

C. finish

( )22. I believe that those mountains ____________ by the trees in a few years.

A. are covered

B. will be covered

C. are covering

( )23. Older people ____________.

A. should be spoken politely

B. must speak to politely

C. should be spoken to politely ( )24. The baby ____________ by his grandparents from Monday to Friday.

A. was taken care

B. was taken care of

C. was looked at

( )25. This painting ____________ to a museum in New York in 1997.

A. sells

B. sold

C. was sold

二. 将下列句子变成被动语态

1. Mother gave me a new desk as a present.

2. I made my little brother a model ship last week.

3. Ann told me a funny story on our way to school.

4. He often passes me my pen.

5. Did he buy you the book you wanted?

6. Li made his brother clean the room.

7. I saw him go into the classroom.

8. We often hear her sing beautiful songs in the next room.

9. Did he often help the old granny do the housework?

10. Who often watch them play football?

Lesson 5 Writing

一、任务性阅读

In 1987, Rick so little ___2___ of wood were on the ground, on his shirt, and in his hair. He had to use a big vacuum for ___3___ . When he used it to clean his hair, he __4___ an idea. ― This would be a good way to cut hair.‖ He thought. It wouldn’t be so __5____ when we cut hair. What a clever idea ! Rick Hunt made the first Flowbee.

( B )

After making the Flowbee, Hunt sold them out of his home. Then he took them to a fall festival near his home. Many people were interested in his inventions. More than a million Flowbees were sold in America over the next ten years. Today, this interesting machine is sold to people around the world. Hunt’s clever way to cut hair really works.

任务1:用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使文章通顺、连贯、合理(每词限用一次)

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

任务2:根据英文释义及首字母提示,拼写单词

6. c ______ able to learn, understand or do sth. quickly and easily

7. i ______ a thing that has been made or designed by sb for the first time

任务3:同义句转换,每空一词

After making the Flowbee, Hunt sold them out of his home.

After_____ _____ the Flowbee, Hunt sold them out of his home.

任务4:根据短文(B)内容简答问题

10. What is the machine called ?

____________________________________ .

二、阅读理解

A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse. He drew the horses very well,but he always began the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly(肚子)or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business. And most great artists who really know their business do n ot follow other people’s rule.They make their own rules. Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的) to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy to work in that way.

Now the very same thing is true to literature(文学). And the question, "How shall I begin?" only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else. That is, you are not yet experienced(有经验的) enough to trust to your own powers. When you become more experienced you will never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail --that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.

1. A friend of the writer’s drew the horses ____.

A. very well

B. in the way of western rule

C. in the way of his own rule

2. The writer was surprised because ____.

A. the artist began to draw at the head of the horse

B. the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse

C. the artist did not follow other people’s r ule

3. You are not yet experienced because ____.

A. you don’t know where to begin

B. you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail

C. you do not trust to your own powers

4. When you become more experienced you will ____.

A. never ask question

B. often begin at the tail

C. should write the end of the story

5. The topic of the passage is ______.

A. How to draw a horse

B. How to write a story

C. Trust to your own powers

Unit 7 单元测试

一.单项选择:

( ) 1. The vacuum ____ the dirt ______ floorA. sucked…off B. made…away C. set out ( )2._____ was _____ by _____ in 1890

九年级化学上册第四单元知识点总结.doc

九年级化学上册第四单元知识点总结 第四单元构成物质的微粒1、原子的构成原子核(+)原子质子(+) 中子(不带电)核外电子(-)(1)、第一层最多容纳2个电子,第二层最多容纳8个电子,第三层最多容纳18个电子。(2)、最外层电子层不超过8个,(只有一层的不超过2个)3元素性质特别是化学性质与原子核外电子的排布,特别是最外层上的电子数目有密切关系。最外层具有8个电子(只有一个电子层的具有2个电子)的结构,属于相对稳定结构。金属元素最外层电子一般少于4个,在反应中易失去电子;非金属元素最外层电子一般等于或多于4个,在反应中易得到电子。稀有气体最外层电子都是8个电子(氦为2个),属于相对稳定结构。(二)离子1.离子是带电的原子或原子团,离子符号的意义见右图所示(数字“2”的意义)。2.原子和离子的比较四、化学式与化合价(一)化合价掌握元素的化合价,请注意以下几点:(1)记住常见元素的化合价,掌握元素化合价的一些规律,如:①在化合物中,通常氢显+1价;氧显-2价;②单质里元素的化合价为零;③一些元素有变价,其化合价的确定,可以通过不变价元素按化合价规则求得。(2)使用化合价的规则是:在化合物里,元素正负化合价的代数和为零。(3)掌握常见原子团的化合价。原子团是在化学反应中相对稳定的原子集团,又叫做根。负一硝酸氢氧根,负二硫酸碳酸根。负三只有磷酸根,正一价的是铵根。(二)化学

式的意义和书写1.化学式的意义①表示一种物质;②表示该物质的组成元素;③由分子构成的物质的化学式可以表示该物质的一个分子及该分子的构成。2.化学式的书写①单质化学式书写一般用元素符号表示,但像氢气、氧气、氮气、氯气等非金属单质是双原子分子,要在其元素符号的右下角加2;②化合物化学式书写时,正价元素写在左边,负价元素写在右边;正负价总数的代数和为0;③含有原子团的物质,可将原子团看成是一个原子来书写化学式,如氢氧化镁〔(三)关于化学式的计算利用化学式可进行下列各种计算:①相对分子质量;②物质组成元素的质量比;③物质中某元素的质量分数。公式为(四)根据化合价写化学式正价在左,负价在右1、交叉法:在元素上方标上化合价,先化简再交叉,如p为+5价,氧为-2价,交叉后为p2o52、最小公倍数法,选求出几种元素化合价的最小公倍数,再根据最小公倍数求各元素的原子数。五、根据化学式求元素化合价。先将要求的化合价设为x,再根据元素正负化合价的代数和为零列出方程。求得的x的值就是化合价。如求co2中c的化合价,x*1+(-2)*2=0 求得x的值为4,则c的化合价为+4〕。 2018-04-19 第四单元构成物质的微粒1、原子的构成原子核(+)原子质子(+) 中子(不带电)核外电子(-)(1)、第一层最多容纳2个电子,第二层最多容纳8个电子,第三层最多容纳18个电子。(2)、

人教版初三化学上册第二单元复习

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初三化学第一单元知识点归纳

初三化学第一单元 一、绪言: 1、化学是在分子、原子层次上研究物质的性质、组成、结构与变化规律的科学。 2、我国有些化学工艺发明较早,象造纸、制火药、烧瓷器;我国劳动人民在商代会制造青铜器,春秋战国时期会冶铁炼钢。 3、道尔顿和阿伏加德罗等科学家得出了重要结论:物质是由原子和分子构成的。分子中原子的重新组合是化学变化的基础。原子论和分子学说的创立,奠定了近代化学的基础。1869年,门捷列夫发现的元素周期律和元素周期表,就使化学学习和研究变得有规律可循。 二、物质的变化和性质 A、蒸发 B、潮解 C、水变成冰 D、物质燃烧 判断镁带在空气中燃烧是化学变化的主要依据是() A、产生耀眼的白光 B、放出大量的热 C、生成白色固体 D、镁带消失 A、铜绿受热时会分解; B、纯净的水是无色无味的液体; C、镁带在空气中燃烧后变成了氧化镁; D、氧气不易溶于水且比空气密度大 E、木棒受力折断 F、铁生锈; G、煤着火燃烧,残余一堆灰烬。 三、化学是一门以实验为基础的科学 1、化学是一门以实验为基础的科学. 2、蜡烛燃烧实验(描述现象时不可出现产物名称) (1)火焰:焰心、内焰(最明亮)、外焰(温度最高)

(2)比较各火焰层温度:用一火柴梗平放入火焰中。现象:两端先碳化;结论:外焰温度最高(3)检验产物水:用干冷烧杯罩火焰上方,烧杯内有水雾 二氧化碳:取下烧杯,倒入澄清石灰水,振荡,变浑浊 (4)熄灭后:有白烟(石蜡蒸气),点燃白烟,蜡烛复燃,说明石蜡蒸气燃烧。 3、吸入空气与呼出气体的比较 结论:与吸入空气相比,呼出气体中氧气的量减少,二氧化碳和水蒸气的量增多(吸入空气与呼出气体成分是相同的) 4、学习化学的重要途径——科学探究 一般步骤:提出问题→猜想与假设→设计实验→实验验证→记录与结论→反思与评价 四、走进化学实验室 (一)化学药品的取用 1、化学药品取用规则:①“三不”:不能用手接触药品,不要把鼻孔凑到容器口闻药品的气味,不得尝任何药品的味道。②取用量:按实验所需取用药品。如没有说明用量,应取最少量,固体以盖满试管底部为宜,液体以1~2mL为宜。③多取的试剂:不可放回原瓶,也不可乱丢,更不能带出实验室,应放在指定的容器内。 2、固体药品的取用:固体药品通常放在广口瓶中,取用固体药品一般用药匙。有些块状的药品可以用镊子夹取。用过的药匙或镊子要立即用干净的纸擦拭干净,以备下次使用。块状固体或重金属药品的取用:试管横放,用镊子把药品放入试管,慢慢使试管竖立,药品缓缓滑入试管底部。粉末状固体药品的取用:先使试管倾斜,把盛有药品的药匙(纸槽)小心地送至试管底部,然后使试管直立起来。 3、液体药品的取用:液体药品通常放在细口瓶里。①大量液体常用倾倒法取用。取下瓶盖,倒放在桌上,(以免药品被污染)。标签应向着手掌心,(以免残留液流下而腐蚀标签)。拿起试剂瓶,将瓶口紧靠试管口边缘,缓缓地注入试剂,倾注完毕,盖上瓶盖,标签向外,放回原处。 ②取用一定量的液体,常用量筒量出体积。量筒放平,视线与凹液面最低处保持水平。俯读偏大,仰读偏小③取用少量液体用滴管。a、滴入试剂时,滴管要保持垂直悬于容器口上方滴加,否则会造成试剂污染。b、取液后的滴管,不要平放或倒置。c、不要把滴管放在实验台或其他地方,d、滴管用毕,立即用水洗涤干净(滴瓶上的滴管除外)。e、严禁用未经清洗的滴管再吸取其他试剂。 注意:万一眼睛里溅进了药液,要立即用水冲洗(切不可用手揉眼睛)。 (二)物质的加热 1、酒精灯的使用方法 (1)酒精灯的使用要注意“三不”:①绝对禁止向燃着的酒精灯里添加酒精;②绝对用燃着的酒精灯直接点燃另一只酒精灯;③熄灭酒精灯应用灯帽盖熄,不可吹熄。 (2)酒精灯的火焰分为三层,外焰、内焰、焰心。用酒精灯的外焰加热物体。

九年级化学上册第四单元知识点总结(新人教版)

九年级化学上册第四单元知识点总结(新 人教版) 课题2 水的净化 一、水的净化 1、自然界的河水、湖水、井水、海水等天然水都不是纯水,都含有许多可溶性和不溶性杂质,都属于混合物。 2、自来水厂净化过程 原水→静置→絮凝沉淀(明矾)→反应沉淀→过滤→吸附→消毒(化学过程)→生活用水(杀菌:利用氯气、漂白粉等杀菌剂,消灭水中的细菌、病毒。这是一个化学变化的过程。) 3、天然水通过沉淀、过滤、吸附、蒸馏等不同途径可以得到不同程度的净化。(在这四种净化水的方法中,蒸馏的净化程度最高,蒸馏后,得到的水是纯净物) 净化方法原理作用 静置沉淀静置,使不溶性杂质沉降并与水分层有时又叫沉降或沉淀,用来除去水中较大颗粒不溶于水的杂质。 吸附沉淀加明矾等凝剂使悬浮物凝聚沉淀除去不溶性颗粒较大的杂志 过滤把液体与不溶于液体的固体分离除去不溶于水的杂质 吸附利用木炭或活性炭的吸附作用把天然水中的一些不溶性杂

质和一些可溶性杂质吸附在表面除色素和异味 蒸馏通过加热的方法使水变成水蒸气后冷凝成水除去溶于水的杂质的方法,相对净化程度较高 4、经过沉淀、过滤、吸附等净化处理后的水变得澄清,但仍然不是纯水,还溶有可溶性杂质。 二、过滤 1、过滤是一种将固体和液体分离的基本操作方法(如右图): (1)原理:可溶性物质能透过滤纸,固体不能透过滤纸而留在滤纸上 (2)适用范围:分离不溶性固体和液体的混合物,或除去混合物, 或除去混合物中不溶性杂质 (3)操作时注意“一贴二低三靠”。 “一贴”:滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁,中间不要留有气泡; “二低”:滤纸边缘低于漏斗边缘; 液面低于滤纸边缘; “三靠”:玻璃棒靠在滤纸的三层折叠处; 装混合液的烧怀口紧靠玻璃棒; 漏斗下端管口紧靠盛接滤液的烧怀内壁。 2、备注: (1)滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁-----为了加快过滤速度。

【人教版】九年级化学上册第一单元精品教案合集

课题1 物质变化和性质 第1课时 物质变化 教学目标 知识要点 课标要求 物理变化和化学变化(重点) 理解物理变化、化学变化;根据对概念理解判 断物理变化和化学变化 教学过程 情景导入 神奇“化学” 【演示实验】课前准备,取两张同样大小白纸,在白纸1上用无色酚 酞试液写上两个大字“化学”,晾干;课上,用喷壶向白纸2上喷氢 氧化钠溶液,无变化,接着再向白纸1上喷氢氧化钠溶液,这时白纸 1上出现两个红色大字“化学”,学生很惊讶. 同学们为什么会发生这样变化呢?这就是我们今天讲内容:物质 变化和性质. 合作探究 探究点一 物理变化和化学变化 提出问题 水在一定条件下可以变成水蒸气或冰,钢铁制品在潮湿地 方会生锈,煤、木材和柴草可以在空气中燃烧而发光发热,等等.从 化学角度看,物质这些变化有什么本质区别呢? 探究实验 实验及装 置 变化变化过程中发生现变化后物变化后有无新物质生成

前 物 质 象质 1水沸腾液 态 水液态沸腾 时生成水 蒸气,水 蒸气遇冷 玻璃片又 凝结为液 态水 液态 水 无 2胆矾研碎块 状 胆 矾 蓝色块状 固体被粉 碎成粉末 粉末 状胆 矾 无 3胆矾溶液和氢氧化钠溶液反应蓝 色 硫 酸 铜 溶 液 等 立即生成 蓝色沉 淀,溶液 颜色变 浅,最后 变为无色 蓝色 氢氧 化铜 沉淀 等 有

4石灰石和盐酸反应颗 粒 状 石 灰 石 等 石灰石表 面有气泡 产生,且 石灰石逐 渐变小, 烧杯中澄 清石灰水 变浑浊 二氧 化碳 气体 等 有 课堂讨论 归纳总结 物理变化化学变化 定义没有生成新物 质变化(如实 验1、2)有新物质生成变化,又叫化学反应(如实验3、4) 变化前观 察 变化时观察变化后观察 ①有几种物质参加反应 ②反应物颜色、状态、气味等①反应条件(如 加热、点燃等) ②反应现象(发 光、放热、变色、 生成气体或沉 淀等) ①有几种物质生成 ②生成物颜色、状态、气味等

人教版初三化学第六单元知识点归纳总结

第六单元碳和碳的氧化物 一、碳的几种单质 1、金刚石(C)是自然界中最硬的物质,可用于制钻石、刻划玻璃、钻探机的钻头等。 2、石墨(C)是最软的矿物之一(质软),有优良的导电性,润滑性。可用于制 铅笔芯、干电池的电极、润滑剂等 金刚石和石墨的物理性质有很大差异的原因是:碳原子的排列不同。 CO和CO 2 的化学性质有很大差异的原因是:分子的构成不同。 3、无定形碳:由石墨的微小晶体和少量杂质构成.主要有:焦炭,木炭,活性炭,炭黑等. 活性炭、木炭具有强烈的吸附性,焦炭用于冶铁金属。 二、单质碳的化学性质: 单质碳的物理性质各异,而各种单质碳的化学性质却相同 1、常温下的稳定性强 2、可燃性: 完全燃烧(氧气充足),生成CO 2: C+O 2 点燃CO 2 不完全燃烧(氧气不充足),生成CO:2C+O 2 点燃2CO 3、还原性:C+2CuO 高温 2Cu+CO 2 ↑ 现象:黑色粉末逐渐变成红色,澄清石灰水变浑浊。应用:冶金工业 2Fe 2O 3 +3C 高温 4Fe+3CO 2 ↑ ↑ + + 2 4 3 2 3 2CO Fe C O Fe高温 三、二氧化碳的制法 1、实验室制取气体的思路:(原理、装置、检验) (1)发生装置:由反应物状态及反应条件决定: (A) (B) (C) (D) 反应物是固体,需加热,制气体时则用(A)装置。 反应物是固体与液体,不需要加热,制气体时则用(B)(C)(D)装置。(2)收集方法:气体的密度及溶解性决定: (A) (B) (C)

排水法:气体难溶于水 (A ) 向上排空气法:气体密度比空气大 (B) 向下排空气法:气体密度比空气小 (C) CO 只能用排水法(有毒,密度与空气相近,不能用排空气法) CO 2只能用向上排空气法(要溶于水、跟水反应,不能用排水法) 2、二氧化碳的实验室制法 1)原理:用石灰石和稀盐酸反应: CaCO 3+2HCl==CaCl 2+H 2O+CO 2↑ 2) 发生装置:左图 3)气体收集方法:向上排空气法 4)验证方法:将制得的气体通入澄清的石灰水,如澄清石灰水变浑浊,则是二氧化碳。 验满方法:用点燃的木条,放在集气瓶口,木条熄灭。证明二氧化碳气体已集满。 3、二氧化碳的工业制法: 煅烧石灰石: CaCO 3高温CaO+CO 2↑ 生石灰和水反应可得熟石灰:CaO+H 2O=Ca(OH)2 四、二氧化碳的性质 1、物理性质:无色,无味的气体,密度比空气大,能溶于水,高压低温下可得固体----干冰 2、化学性质: 1)一般情况下不能燃烧,也不支持燃烧,不能供给呼吸 2)与水反应生成碳酸: CO 2+H 2O==H 2CO 3 生成的碳酸能使紫色的石蕊试液变红, H 2CO 3 == H 2O+ CO 2↑ 碳酸不稳定,易分解 3)能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊:CO 2+Ca(OH)2==CaCO 3↓+H 2O 用于检验二氧化碳 4)与灼热的碳反应: C+CO 2高温2CO 5)参与光合作用 3、用途: 灭火,既利用其物理性质,又利用其化学性质 干冰用于人工降雨、制冷剂(升华吸热,物理性质) 温室肥料(光合作用,化学性质) 4、二氧化碳对环境的影响:过多排放引起温室效应。 五、一氧化碳 1、物理性质:无色,无味的气体,密度比空气略小,难溶于水(排水法收集) 2、化学性质: (H 2、CO 、C 具有相似的化学性质:①可燃性 ②还原性) 1)有毒:吸进肺里与血液中的血红蛋白结合,使生物体缺氧而中毒。 2)可燃性:2CO+O 2点燃2CO 2 (可燃性气体点燃前一定要检验纯度) CO 燃烧火焰是:发出蓝色的火焰。

人教版九年级化学上册第二单元 我们周围的空气 知识点复习总结

我们周围的空气 课题1 空气 1.空气是由什么组成的 (1)拉瓦锡用定量法研究空气成分 实验步骤:①把少量的汞放在一个密闭的容器里连续加热12天,结果发现有一部分银白 色的液态汞变成红色粉末,同时容器内空气的体积减小约1 5 ;①研究剩余的 4 5 体积的气体, 发现这部分气体既不能供给呼吸,也不支持燃烧;①把在汞表面生成的红色粉末收集起来,放在另一个容器里加强热,得到了汞和氧气,而且氧气的体积恰好等于密闭容器里减少的气 体体积;①把得到的氧气加到前一个容器里剩下的4 5 体积的气体中,结果得到的气体与空气 的性质完全一样。 实验结论:空气由氧气和氮气组成,其中氧气约占空气总体积的1 5 。 (2)测定空气中氧气的含量 反应的文字表达式:红磷+氧气u u u u u r 点燃五氧化二磷 ①实验步骤:将仪器连接好并检查装置的气密性;在集气瓶底 装入少量的水,并将水面上方的空间分为5等份;用弹簧夹夹紧 橡皮管;在燃烧匙内放入过量的红磷;点燃燃烧匙内的红磷,然 后迅速伸入集气瓶中并把塞子塞紧;待红磷熄灭,集气瓶冷却至 室温后,打开弹簧夹。 ②实验现象:红磷燃烧产生大量白烟并放出热量;集气瓶冷却至室温后打开弹簧夹,烧杯 中的水沿导管进入集气瓶中,进入集气瓶的水的体积约占集气瓶中空气体积的1 5 。

③实验结论:氧气约占空气体积的1 5 。 (3)空气的组成:通过实验测定,空气的成分按体积计算,大约是:氮气占78%、氧气占21%、稀有气体占0.94%、二氧化碳占0.03%、其他气体和杂质占0.03%。 (4)纯净物和混合物:像空气这样由两种或多种物质混合而成的物质,叫做混合物;组成混合物的各成分保持它们各自的性质;只由一种物质组成的物质(如氮气、氧气、二氧化碳等)叫做纯净物,纯净物可以用化学符号来表示。 2.空气是一种宝贵的资源 3.保护空气 (1)空气污染源 ①气态污染物:二氧化硫(主要来自含硫燃料的燃烧;会引发呼吸道疾病,严重者死亡;造成酸雨,破坏地面设施等);氮氧化物(主要来自汽车、飞机等的尾气;会引发眼睛、呼吸系统炎症;形成酸雨;破坏高空臭氧层等);一氧化碳(主要来自汽车尾气、含碳燃料的不完全燃烧;会破坏人体血液输氧功能,使人窒息死亡等);氟氯烃(主要来自空调机;会破坏高空臭氧层)。 ②固态污染物:可吸入颗粒物(主要来自汽车尾气、建筑、生活等城市垃圾扩散;会引发咳嗽、咽喉病、“尘肺”;导致云雾增多,使能见度降低)。 (2)防治措施:①加大环境和大气质量检测;②使用清洁能源;③工厂废气经过处理后再排放;④对化石燃料进行脱硫处理等;⑤使燃料充分燃烧;⑥积极植树造林、种草等;⑦消除污染源。

初三化学第四单元检测卷

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