(语法的基础)英语语句基本结构精讲精练
英语语句基本结构分析
英语句子只有6个组成部分:主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,状语,定语.也叫做6种句子成份.
一，句子成份：
A 主语：句子说明的主体和对象, 通常位于句首. S.
My father likes to go on the Internet.
B 谓语：用于说明主语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面.谓语有两种:动词型谓语(由1~4个动词构成)和系表型谓语(系动词be加表语) V. / Lv.
动词型:Tom is running outside.
系表型:Jane is very quiet.
C 宾语：表示谓语动作涉及的对象,通常位于谓语或介词之后.O.
I will write 100 books.
Most of the students including the newcomer were late for the class.
D 宾补：补充说明宾语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容.通常位于宾语的后面.OC.
My aunt asked me to call you.
With his hands tied, he could not move.
E 状语：修饰说明谓语的成分,说明谓语动作的时间,地点,速度,方式,程度,手段等内容,大多数时候位于句尾,少数时候位于谓语前.Adv.
The girl is walking slowly.
Tired but happy, the boys went home.
F 定语：修饰名词(代词,数词,-ing式)的一种辅助成分,限定名词的性质,特征,数量,状态,类别等内容.定语有些放在被修饰的名词前,有些放在被修饰名词后,放在前边的叫前置定语,放在后边的叫后置定语.Att.
Two maps. Two large new maps Two large new maps of the world.
注意: 句子的核心是”主语+谓语”,其他都是补充说明的辅助成分.
(一) 指出下列句中主语的中心词
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
①There was a big smile on her face. ②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Please tell us a story. ②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
二，句子结构：
A 主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词, 主语从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
The boy comes from America He made a speech. Two and two is four.
To be a teacher is my dream. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
That Beijing will host the Olympics is an honour for every Chinese.
= It is an honour for every Chinese That Beijing will host the Olympics.
1）_______ he is supposed to win the golden medal turned out to be a great pressure.
A. What
B. That
C. Why
D. How
2) ______ the ball in the palace brought great honour to an office worker in the government.
A. Attending
B. To attend
C. His attending
D. To be attended
3) The only 2 universities _____ are considered as top universities in Beijing rank No. 10 to 20 in the whole world.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，
We come. Many changes took place in my home town.
4) Nothing ______ to me though I came late to class again.
A. happen
B. was happened
C. was happening
D. will happen
5) We come. We _____ and we _____!
A. see; conquer
B. sees; conquer
C. see; conquers
D. seeing; conquering
3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式，宾语从句等可以作宾语。
I will do it tomorrow. The boy needs a pen. I like swimming.
I like to swim this afternoon. We all hope that China will win the most gold medals.
6) He meant ______ the boss to give up the investment, but was turned a deaf ear to.
A. to advise
B. advising
C. to suggest
D. suggesting
7) No one knows for sure ________.
A. where we will be this time next year
B. Where will we be this time next year
C. where we would be this time next year
D. Where would we be this time next year
8) Tom Hanks is such a popular actor ______ we all like him.
A. as
B. that
C. who
D. whom
B 主系表结构：1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语：联系动词（Link verb)：be动词am, is, are, was, were, have been；
其他联系动词如：become，turn, go, grow, fall;
感官动词如：feel, sound, look, smell, taste;
状态动词如：remain, stay, keep, seem, appear
9) The hot weather, as is forecast, ______ for several weeks.
A. will be staying
B. will stay
C. will remain
D. will be remained
10) It’s easier for children to ______ ill in summer than in Winter.
A. turn
B. grow
C. fall
D. feel
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
Tom is a boy. He became a teacher at last. His face turned red.
He looks well. It sounds nice. I fell ill last night. The egg remains good for 2 weeks.
11) Fortunately, he was still _____, though buried in the ruins for more than 5 days.
A. alive
B. living
C. live
D. lively
12) He ______ the table which ______ smooth.
A. felt; felt
B. felt; was feeling
C. feels; feel
D. is felt; is feeling
C There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
There was a boy there. There seems to be no sense in doing so.
13) There ______ no hope for them to get across the river with the bridge destroyed.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has been
14) There _____ two trees at the entrance to the school.
A. used to have
B. seems to have
C. stand
D. lie
15) There must have been some hardship behind those eyes, ______?
A. mustn’t there
B. isn’t it
C. wasn’t there
D. hasn’t it
三，句子结构常考点：
A 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘…的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
（一）形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.
（二）数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.
（三）形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom's pen. There are two boys of Toms there.
（四）介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.
（五）名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen.
（六）副词作定语：（后置）The boy there needs a pen.
(七) 不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
(八) 分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.
（九）定语从句：The boy who is reading needs a pen.
B、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom 为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.'
（一）副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen.（时间）
（二）介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. (条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. (时间状语)
（三）分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen.（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.（原因状语）
（四）不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语）
（五）名词作状语：Come this way!（方向状语）
（六）状语从句：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句
C、直接宾语和间接宾语：
（一）特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
（二）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。
eg: Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语。
eg: Show this house to Mr. Smith. Mr.
五、宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
（一）名词/代词宾格+ 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
（二）名词/代词宾格+ 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
（三）名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
（四）名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
（五）名词/代词宾格+ 分词
I saw a cat running across the road. I saw a cat running across the road.
D、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
E、插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概, actually 实际上,certainly当然，等。
F、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
例：错句：Studying hard, your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up.
或(2) If you study hard, your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).分词独立结构常省略being, having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.如：Game (being) over, he went home.
He stands there, book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：
With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon.无事可做，他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose.老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。
强化训练：
1. —It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not,________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
2. —What did your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do ________ I think I should.
A. when
B. that
C. how
D. what
3. After he gave a report about the school, Mr White____ the visitors around it.
A. went on to show
B. went on showing
C. went on with showing
D. kept on showing
4. -- Tom works hard at English.? -- _____, and _____.
A. So does he; so you do
B. So you do; so is he
C. So he will; so do you
D. So he does; so do you
5. It is reported that the PLA soldiers ___ rescuing the earthquake victims all these 2 months.
A. were helping
B. have helped
C. have been helping
D. will help
6. Many a student ______ making every effort to prepare for the College Entrance Examination.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
7. We have done things we ought not to have done and____ undone things we ought to have done.
A. left
B. leave
C. will leave
D. leaving
8. In some countries,_____ are called "public schools" are not owned by the state.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
9. --Who are you waiting for?-- _____ the man wounded in the left leg.
A. The doctor will operate on
B. Tie nurse to be looked after
C. The doctor to operate on
D. His brother got
10. --How did you _____ the movie last night?--Oh, both interesting and instructive.
A. find
B. consider
C. think
D. feel
11. With his son _____, the old man felt unhappy.
A. to disappoint
B. to be disappointed
C. disappointing
D. being disappointed
12. The food tastes _____ and sells _____.
A. well; well
B. good; good
C. good; well
D. well; good
13. The sun was shining brightly, _____ everything there _____ more beautiful.
A. making?; look
B. to make; looked
C. and made; looking
D. and making; be looked
14. What way are you thinking of _____ rid of the flies?
A. to get
B. getting
C. being got
D. to be getting
15. Our kind teacher wanted to teach us _____ he knew athis lesson.
A. that
B. all what
C. that all
D. everything which
16. Is this research center _____ the foreign guests visited last week?
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. the one
17. This is the school _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ my father once worked.
A. that; where
B. where; that
C. where; where
D. that; that
18. The room is very large and only little room _____ by the new piano.
A. are taken up
B. takes up
C. is taken up
D. is taking up
19. What _____ time it is to listen to a speech having nothing to do with you!
A. waste
B. wastes
C. a waste of
D. a waste for
20. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
21. It is necessary ___ me ___my studies before a new term.
A. for, to make a plan for
B. of, making a plan for
C. for, to make a plan of
D. of, making a plan of
22. _____ at the news that I didn't know what to say to comfort her.
A. So sad she looked
B. So sad did she look
C. So sadly she looked
D. So sadly did she look
23. Only a fool enjoys _____ in public.
A. making fun of
B. to make fun of
C. being made fan of
D. to be made fan of
24. The teachers are doing what they _____ their stuaits.
A. can to teach
B. can teach
C. can teaching
D. can to teaching
25. I want to know _____.
A. what the matter is
B. what matter it is
C. what's the matter
D. the matter is what
26. --Where do you think _____ he _____ the computer? --Sorry, I have no idea.
A. /; bought
B. has; bought
C. did; buy
D. had; bought
27. The man went into the room, _____ rather strange.
A. to look
B. looking
C. looked
D. and looking
28. The driver drove __ hit a big tree and the car came to a stop.
A. too carelessly to
B. carelessly enough to
C. so carelessly that he
D. so careless that he
29. When seeing all his books ____ here and there on the floor, he knew something terrible ___.
A. lying; must have happened
B. lie; must happen
C. lay; might have happened
D. had lain; could have happen
30. There ___ a lot of coal mines in the south, but many have been closed or are ___ be closed.
A. use to having; about to
B. used to be; to
C. use to having; going to
D. used to be; supposed to
31. Although he is considered a great writer, _____.
A. his works is not widely read
B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read
D. yet his works are not widely read
32. Is this museum _______ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
33. _______, the boy went into the cave secretly.
A. His face painted black
B. With his face painting black
C. To be painted black
D. Painting himself black
34．______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president"s attending
35. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept
36. Don"t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking
B. To take
C. Take
D. Taken
37. The manager, ____ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A. knowing
B. known
C. to know
D. being known
38. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ___ road conditions need __.
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
39 --Why did you go back to the shop?--I left my friend______ there.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. waits
英语句子结构分析基础及练习
句子成分 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│Ｏ 1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
高中英语语法倒装句讲解与练习含答案
全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）
2018年高考英语语法复习精讲三(动词时态和语态)
2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态主动语态形式被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行 时 has/have been doing/ 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done 一般将来时will/shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will/shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时will/shall be doing/ 考点1一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空： ①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work. ②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take)． ③My train________(leave)at6：30. ④A snow________(expect)to come next week. ⑤Here________(come)the bus. ⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well. ⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me. ⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃. 考点2一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
高中英语语法名词练习题
一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/7014732150.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/7014732150.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
最高考2016届高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
实用标准文案 文档大全专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1 情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will 和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
高中英语语法讲解与练习名词
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
2021届高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练名词性从句之高考真题精选(3)
名词性从句之高考真题精选（3） 1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. I want to be liked and loved for __________I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 8. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not good enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which 9. The how to book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 10. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 11. __________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 12. _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 13. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
高考英语语法专题精讲精练-定语从句
语法专题一：定语从句 1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。 2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。 3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语：指物，用that, which引导，可省略； 指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。 4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦 可用介词+which替代。 所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。 5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。 (1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。 (3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。 (4) as为关系代词，“正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。 注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。 2. 一些特殊用法： 1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况： (1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时； (3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时； (5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。 2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况： (1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。 3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个 句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象” 之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在“so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样…… 以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that 结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
英语语句基本结构分析
一、英语语句基本结构分析： 主谓宾结构： 主语：可以作主语得成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常与冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，就是英语时态、语态变化得主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi、）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come、 宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同得就是构成宾语得代词必须就是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them 等 例：The boy needs a pen、主语the boy，谓语needs(need得第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen、 主系表结构： 主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。 联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其她联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变。其特点就是联系动词与其后得表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能就是宾语。 表语：说明主语得状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不就是be，而其后就是名词与代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系得区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 例：Tom is a boy、(Tom就是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be 动词得第三人称单数is，表语为a boy There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里得there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there、（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there 无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。 二、定语：定语就是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用得词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……得’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰得成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成得复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen、(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen、）/小男孩需要一支兰色得钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy、/Tom就是个英俊得男孩。 There is a good boy、/有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：
2021届高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练情态动词之高考真题精选(3)
情态动词之高考真题精选（3） 1. He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he __________be quite charming when he wishes. A. shall B. should C. can D. must 2. Traveling by subway __________sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during the rush hour. A. must B. can C. shall D. should 3. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t 4. Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that__________ possible just a few years ago. A. would have been B. might have been C. shouldn't have been D. couldn't have been 5. I __________my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. A. should pass B. could have passed C. had passed D. must have passed 6. Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _________ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 7. We _________have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. needn't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't 8. It wasn’t right to me that such near neighbors not know one another. A. could B. would C. should D. might 9. According to the air traffic rules, you _______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should