最新高一必修三语法(名词性从句)

必修3 语法

Unit 1& Unit 2 Modal verbs情态动词(讲解详见P91—94)

1. 情态动词的语法特征:

1)情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。

2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变

化。

3）只作情态动词的: can / could, may / might, ought to, must

可情态可实义的: need, dare

可情态可助动词的: shall / should, will /would

相当于情态动词的: have to, used to

2. 情态动词：

can & could, may & might, will & would, shall & should, must/ can, ought to & ought not to, have to & don’t have to, mustn’t & needn’t等

注意事项：

1. can 和could 接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can 用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。Could have done 表示本可以做的事情但却没有做

e.g. They can’t have gone out because the light is still on.

2. 以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如：— Could I borrow your dictionary?

— Yes, of course you can.

3. shall 可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。如：

You shall be punished if you break the rule.

4. should 表示义务、建议、劝告，意为“应该”。“should + have + 过去分词表示本应该在过去做但没有做。

e.g. You should keep your promise.

你应该遵守诺言。

She should have passed the exam.

她应该通过考试的。

5. must 用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用must 否定式用needn’t 或don’t have to，做“不必”, mustn’t 表示“禁止，不允许”

— Must I finish all assignments at a time?

— Yes, you must.

No, you needn’t.

must 表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情。

Eg: He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.

练一练：

一、选择。

1. I ______ worry about my weekend — I always have my plans ready before it comes.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. daren’t

D. needn’t

2. —How’s your new babysitter?

— We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

A. should

B. might

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

3. — May I take this book out of the reading room?

— No, you ______. You read it in here.

A. mightn’t

B. won’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

4. When I was young, I was told that I ____ play with matches. (上海2008春)

A. wouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. mustn’t

D. daren’t

5. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours.

A. can; have to

B. may; can

C. have to; may

D. ought to; must

6. — Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

— I am afraid you _____, in case he comes late for the meeting.

A. will

B. must

C. may

D. can

7. It _____ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. needn’t

8. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

—Don’t worry. You _____ have it by Friday.

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

二、用适当的情态动词翻译句子。

1. 你应该更加注意你的书写。(pay attention to)

2. 明天早晨，我们必须早起。

3. 我本应该完成作业的，但昨晚我熬夜看足球赛了。(stay up late)

4. 司机酒后严禁开车。

5. 你不必太担心你的作文。

Unit 3 —5 名词性从句noun clauses

1. 名词性从句定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(Noun Clauses)

2. 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。

3. 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1）What he does is important.

2) I don’t like what he does everyday.

3) This is what he does everyday.

4) I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.

4. 名词性从句中的连接词有:

连词: that / whether / as if (though)

连接代词: what /who/which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever

连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever

Unit 3 名词性从句作宾语、表语（宾语从句&表语从句）

1.宾语从句：

1）定义：跟在动词或介词后面的从句叫宾语从句。

2）引导宾语从句的连接代词主要有: who, whom, what, which, whatever, whoever 等；连接副词主要有：where, when, how, why 等; 连词主要有that, if, whether。

3) that 在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。如：

My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his son.

宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：

①当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时, 第二个that不能省；

②当that作介词宾语时, that不可省掉。

The reason lies in that she works harder than

the others do.

③用it做形式宾语的宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置

I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.

5) whether 和if 都意为“是否”，通常情况下，二者都可以引导宾语从句；但在介词之后或与or not 连用时，只能用whether。

6) 在第一人称I, we 与动词think, expect, believe, guess, suppose 等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。如：

I don’t suppose you’re used to this diet.

7)一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“should +动词原形”结构（虚拟语气）, should 可以省略。这类动词有: advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。如：

I suggested that he (should) study harder.

2. 表语从句

1）定义: 跟在系动词后面的从句叫表语从句

2）系动词：be, like, get, become, turn, keep, remain, grow, smell, look, sound, sense, feel, taste 等。

3）that 引导表语从句，只起连接作用，没有意义，不作句子成分，但不可省（三不原则）。引导表语从句的连词有that, whether, as if。引导表语从句的连接代词有what, who, which。引导表语从句的连接副词有when, where, how, why。

Eg: What I want to say is that we should spare no efforts to protect our environment.

4）当主句的主语为reason 或是由why 引导的主语从句时，与它相关的表语从句的连词要用that 而不能用because。

The reason why I like books is that it can broaden our horizon.

练一练：

1. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____ it is he is trying to express.

A. that

B. how

C. who

D. what

2. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes a nything.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. why

3. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.

A. where

B. what

C. whether

D. which

4. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. where

5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.

A. what

B. who

C. how

D. why

6. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. whether

7. — I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.

—That’s ______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.

A. where

B. how

C. when

D. what

8. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ______ she was so angry.

A. where

B. whether

C. that

D. why

二、判断从句，选词填空。

1. Parents are taught to understand _______(how/that)important education is to their children’s future.

2. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

—Oh, that’s ________(what/that) makes me feel excited.

3. His question is _______(that/when) and where the party will hold.

4. I’m very interested in _______(how/what) he has improved English so fast.

5. He asked me ______(what/when) I had bought in the supermarket.

6. I can’t understand ______(that/why) they insist on going out in such a cold night.

7. I am sure ______(that/what) my mom will agree with me.

8. Chinese are proud of ______(how/what) they had achieved in the past 20 years.

Unit 4 名词性从句做主语（主语从句）

1. 主语从句定义：在复合句中作句子的主语

2. 主语从句的引导词:

有从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。

3. 观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:

1）. What is needed for a trip is careful preparation.

该句中主语从句是___________________________，引导词为_____。

2）. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.

该句中主语从句是_______________________________，引导词为_____。

3）. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.

该句中主语从句是________________________________，引导词为_________。

4）. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.

该句中主语从句是__________________________________，引导词为_____。

注意：

当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。如例4.

练一练：判断下列句子类型

1）. It is not clear how the accident happened.

2）. I didn’t understand why he did so at that time.

3）. It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.

难点: what 与that 引导主语从句

4. 观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。

(1) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.

译为：_________________________________________________________

(2) What is needed for the program is more wisdom.

译为：__________________________________________________________

小结：

从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则：

一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。

当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。

【巩固练习】

用what 或that 填空。

(1) _____ he told us this morning was just a lie.

(2) _____ is important to us is enough time.

(3) It worries my mom _____ she is beginning to get a little fat.

(4) _____ we can’t get seems better than _____ we have.

5. whether 与if 引导主语从句

如果主语从句置于句首，不能用if引导，此时，需用whether。但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。

Eg: Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

It was doubtful whether/ if Tom really saw Sharon.

6. 其它引导词

连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的具体意义，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意义上更为强调，常译为“无论…”；连接副词when, where, why, how等也有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中作状语。

练一练;（改错）

1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.

2. If she’s coming or not doesn’t matter much.

3. That the professor said is of great importance.

4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.

5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.

6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.

7. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.

8. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.

Unit 5 名词性从句作同位语（同位语从句）

同位语从句(noun clauses as the appositive)

1. 定义：在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

eg. The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us.

2. 功能：

同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。

3. 用法：

1）引导同位语从句的that在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。（三不原则）

2）同位语从句常用that引导，与其同位的名词常有：news, fact, hope, idea, word, suggestion, promise, thought, doubt, belief信任/信仰, truth, request, proposal提议/建议, demand等抽象名词。(此类名词可以涵盖一定的内容）

Eg: The fact that he died in the car accident made everyone sad.

3) 同位语从句还可用whether, how , when, where, why等引导。

eg: I have no idea how he did it.

注意：除that外，其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义和成分。

eg: He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 状语

You have no idea how worried I was. 状语

练一练：

1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. which

2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. why

难点:(定语从句与同位语从句的区别)

1. 从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, possibility, promise, word, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。

（判断下列的句子哪句是定语从句，哪句是同位语从句。）

Eg: Word came that he had been abroad.

据说他已经出国了。

Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.

我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。

2. 从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:

Eg: The news that our team has won the game was true.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)

The news that he told me yesterday was true.

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语)

3. 引导词that引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替), 并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用, 不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用which来代替，如:

I had no idea that you were here．

（that引导同位语从句，不能省略)

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？

（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

练一练：

1. 填上适当的连接词。

1). I have no idea _____ he will be back.

2). We heard the news _____ our team had won.

3). There arose the question ______ we could get the loan .

4). The suggestion ____ the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.

5). Have you heard the news _____ Mary will be back soon?

2. 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。

1) The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.

2) That’s the best piece of news I’ve heard.

3) Is there any hope that he will be home at 7?

4) I’ve no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.

5) The possibility that you referred to doesn’t exist at all.

6) There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.

7) The problem that they discussed the other day had been settled.

8) We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.

9) The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.

10) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.

三、语篇填空用适当的引导词或关系词填空。

I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 1_____ happened in my restaurant today.

This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 2____ he was. We wondered 3____ he was so hungry. We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4___________ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman

asked 5___________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6_____ he took out a letter and a million pound bank note.

I asked Mr. Clements 7__________ it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8 _____ the gentleman showed them couldn’t be a fake.

9_____ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rages and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the peop le there. I really couldn’t describe 10_____ excited I was.

Key:

1. that

2. who

3. why

4. whether/if

5. whether/if

6. that

7. whether/if

8. what 9. why 10. how

七年级语文语法：词性

七年级语法：词性实词——名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词虚词——副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词、拟声词实词：（－）名词人事名词：鲁迅、太阳、山；时间名词：春天、明年；处所名词：北京、学校；方位名词：上、下；抽象名词：品德、质量；判断技巧：1、能受数量词的修饰；2、不受副词“不”的修饰。（二）动词一般动词：走、看；存现动词：有、死亡、消灭；情态动词：爱、恨、怕、想念；判断动词：是；能愿动词：能、能够、愿、肯、敢；趋向动词：进、出、上来、去、上去；动词比较复杂，有的需要加以说明。 1．动词“是” I. “是”用在名词前边是动词，这种“是”常常表示主语“等于什么”或“属于什么”。例如“鲁迅就是周树人”、“牛是反刍动物”、“他是个开车的”、“是他救了我”；此外，“这一年，人家都是丰年，我是歉年，收完秋就没吃的了”等里面的“是”仍是动词，作谓语。 II. “是”用在动词、形容词前边，表示肯定，含有“的确”、“实在”的意思，可以看作语气副词，作状语，例如“我〔是〕懂了”、“他〔是〕勇敢”、“这样做〔是〕好”。 2．动词“有” “有”只当动词用，不能当副词用。例如：请问，这里有卖钢笔吗？（错）请问，这里有钢笔卖吗？（对） 3．助动词助动词是指动词中能放在“不X不”（不敢不）格式里的词。助动词可以作谓语，如“这样做可以不可以”、“完全可以”。但它们经常用在动词、形容词前边作状语，表示动作者的主观意愿和表示可能性、必要性等。例如“我们一定[要]坚持原则”、“春天到了，天气[应该] 暖和了”。 4．趋向动词趋向动词可以单独作谓语，如“月亮下去了，太阳还没有出来”。还经常用在别的动词或形容词后边表示趋向。作趋向补语，如“拿<出> 一本书”、“拿<出来>一本书”、“拿<出>一本书<来>”。（三）形容词表形状、颜色的：长、短、红、绿、笔直；表性质的：好、坏、美丽、大方、软、平常；表状态的：快、慢、生动；判断技巧：1、形容词用来修饰名词或代词； 2、一般可以受副词“很”的修饰，（特殊情况：“雪白”除外）表示次序先后的叫序数词。如“第一、第二”。（五）量词——表示计算单位的词。（六）代词人称代词：我、咱、你、您、疑问代词：谁、什么、哪、指示代词：这、那、这儿二、虚词（一）副词副词是限制、修饰动词、形容词表示程度、范围、时间等的词。

高中英语名词性从句专练100题

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名词性从句复习题一、主语从句练习： 1．(谁将去接他) is not decided. 2．(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛) is not clear so far. 3．(他能否买到飞机票）doesn’t matter much. 4．(我们如何去那里) is a question. 5．(你刚才告诉我的）is being discussed 7．(他为什么哭) is not clear. 8．It is clear (他是一个乞丐). 9．(你要请谁) is not important. 10．(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛）is not clear. 二、宾语从句练习题：类型一：引导词的运用 1. I don’t know ___________or not． A．whether he is at home B．if he is at home C．that he is at home D．whether is he at home 2. This depends on _________ the weather is fine． A．which B．whether C．if D．that 3. The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in． A．which B．where C．if D．that 4. I don’t know ________ Mr．Green will come to see us．He’ll help us w ith our English． A．why B．when C．how D．where 5.－－－Be careful！Don’t break the bottles．Do you hear ______ I said? David? －－－Yes，Mum A．what B．that C．why D．If 类型二：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序 1.Did you find out ______? A．she was looking for whose child B．whose child was she looking for C．whose child she is looking for D．whose child she was looking for 2.Are you interested in _____? A．how did he do it B．he did it how C．how he did it D．he how did it 3.I don’t know _____．Can you tell me? A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are 4.－－－What did the scientist say? －－－He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day． A．he had to fly B．he could fly C．can he fly D．could he fly 5. She asked Tom ________ with his car? A．what the matter was B．what the matter is C．what was the matter D．what is the matter 类型三：时态 1.It’s 7：30．I can’t believe y ou___ cooking dinner yet，Sally． A．haven’t started B．didn’t C．don’t start D．hadn’t started 2.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．

牛津译林版必修三Module3 语法复习之名词性从句专项练习题

M3 语法复习之名词性从句专项练习名词性从句的连接词 1.从属连词：that; whether; if; as if/though that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分；if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 2.连接代词：whose, what, who, whom, which; whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如定语、主语、表语或宾语等。 3.连接副词：when, where, why, how; whenever, wherever, however 连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 1.(2019 江苏).Scientists have obtained more evidence ____________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 1.(2018北京) Without his support, w e wouldn’t be ________ we are now. 2.(2018北京) This is ___________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 3.（2018江苏）By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived 4.(2018 天津). The gold medal will be awarded to ____________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. --- 思考：此处为何不能用 who; whomever ？ (1)疑问词与疑问词+ever 的区别： (2)用主格还是宾格：看连接词在句中做何成分。 5.(2017 江苏）.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge. ---思考：此处用 which 为何不可？ 6.（2017 天津）. She asked me ___________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. 7.（2017 北京）. Every year, ____________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 8.(2016·北京).Your support is important to our work. ____________ you can do helps. 9.(2016·北京). The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____________ one can be entirely free from(没有... 的；免于...的；不受...影响的) dust. 10.(2016·江苏).It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. ____________ is often the case, anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. Anything is possible for those who hang on to hope,____________ is often the case. 11.(2016·天津). The manager put forward a suggestion ____________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 12.(2015 安徽) A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ____________ ships are built for. 13.(2015 重庆) We must find out ____________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 14.(2015 北京) ____________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 15.(2015 北京) I truly believe ____________ beauty comes from within. 16.(2015 浙江) If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ____________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 17.(2015 四川) The exhibition tells us ____________ we should do something to stop air pollution. 18.(2015 陕西) Reading her biography, I was lost in(沉迷于) admiration for ____________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 19.(2015 江苏) _________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. 20.(2015 湖南)You have to know____________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 21.(2015 福建)—I wonder ____________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 22.22.(2014 北京卷)The best moment for the football star was ____________ he scored the winning goal. 23.(2014 北京卷).Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future 24.(2015.大纲) Exactly __________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 25.（2014 福建）. Pick yourself up 振作起来，重振旗鼓. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do. 26.（2014 湖南）. As John Lennon once said, life is ________happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 27.（2014 江苏）. —What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me. 28. (2014 山东卷) It is difficult for us to imagine _________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. --- You can’t imagine ____________ difficulty we had solving the problems. --- I’m not sure of ____________ role he played in the case. 29.（2014 四川） Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ____________ I was born."

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