专八语言学选择题及答案
专八语言学试题一
1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.
A. a particular language
B. the English language
C. human languages in general
D. the system of a particular language
2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.
A. voiceless, bilabial, stop
B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative
C. voiced, bilabial, stop
D. voiced, labiodental, fricative
3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.
A. derivational morpheme
B. free morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free form
4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.
A. is equal to
B. consists of
C. has
D. generates
5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".
A. entails
B. presupposes
C. is inconsistent with
D. is synonymous with
6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.
X: Who was that you were with last night?
Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relation
D. manner
7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.
A. phrases
B. sentences
C. morphemes
D. utterances
8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.
B. linguistically
C. culturally
D. pragmatically
9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.
A. language and speech
B. visual and spatial skills
C. reading and writing
D. analytic reasoning
10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.
A. babbling
B. one-word
C. two-word
D. multiword
答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C
专八语言学试题二
1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()
A.the conventional nature of language
B.the creative nature of language
C.the universality of language
D.the big difference between human language and animal communication
2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()
A.kibl
B.bkil
C.ilkb
D.ilbk
3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()
A.hierarchical
B.linear
C.tree diagram
D.vertical
4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()
A.Case Condition
B.parameter
C.Adjacent Condition
D.Adjacent Parameter
5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.
A.phoneme
B.word
C.phrase
6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,misives
B.directives
C.expressives
D.declaratives
7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.
A.synchronic
B.diachronic
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,parative
D.historical comparative
8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.
A.title+first name
B.title+title
C.title alone
D.first name+last name+title
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,nguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".()
A.vocal thought
B.subvocal thought
C.covert thought
D.overt thought
10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.()
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,nguage acquisition is a process of habit formation
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,nguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings
C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language
D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use
答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.D10.A
专八语言学试题三
1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A. prescriptive
B. sociolinguistic
C. descriptive
D. psycholinguistic
2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A. mouth
B. lips
C. tongue
D. vocal cords
3.The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.
A. bound morpheme
B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme
4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A. coordinator
B. particle
C. preposition
D. subordinator
5."Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.
A. semantics
B. pragmatics
C. sociolinguistics
D. psycholinguistics
7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.
A. elaboration
B. simplification
C. external borrowing
D. internal borrowing
8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.
A. Lingua franca
B. Creole
C. Pidgin
D. Standard language
9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .
A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
B. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious
development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in
daily communicative situations.
A. learning
B. competence
C. performance
D. acquisition
答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D
6.B
7.B
8.C
9.A 10.D
专八语言学试题四
1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()
A.gradable opposites
B.relational opposites
C.co-hyponyms
D.synonyms
2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()
A.Jacob Grimm
B.Rasmus Rask
C.Franz Bopp
D.Sir William Jones
3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()
A.unusual
B.something to be feared
C.abnormal
D.natural
4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()
A.Broca's aphasic
B.The linguistic deprivation
C.The damage on the angular gyrus
D.Wernicke's aphasic
5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()
A.They cannot pronounce/n/
B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue
C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method
D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds
6.A word with several meanings is called __wor
D.()
A.a polysemous
B.a synonymous
C.an abnormal
D.a multiple
7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,rmative
B.phatic
C.directive
D.performative
8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2c2133751.html,age
B.grammar
C.pronunciation
D.structure
9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()
A.Linguistic geography
B.Lexicology
C.Lexicography
D.Sociolinguistics
10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult
D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.A10.B
专八语言学试题五
Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:
1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.
A. duality
B. productivity
C. displacement
D. arbitrary
Key: B
2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.
A. phatic
B. directive
C. evocative
D. performative
Key: A
3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.
A. affective
B. associative
C. stylistic
D. collocative
Key: A
4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.
A. suffixation
B. back-formation
C. blending
D. acronymy
Key: B
5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
A. Degradation
B. Specialization
C. Elevation
D. Extension
Key: C
6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.
A. idiolect
B. regional dialect
C. temporal dialect
D. social dialect
Key: A
7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.
A. intonation
B. tone
C. phoneme
D. sentence stress
Key: A
8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent soun
D.
A. Addition of sound
B. Loss of sound
C. Metathesis
D. Assimilation
Key: D
9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.
A. Indo-European
B. Sino-Tibetan
C. Hamito-Semitic
D. Malayo-Polynesian
Key: B
10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.
A. morpheme
B. phoneme
C. grapheme
D. letter
Key: C
11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.
A. hyponyms
B. compounds
C. blends
D. allomorphs
Key: B
12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.
A. concord
B. government
C. recursiveness
D. cohesion
Key: A
13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.
A. blending
B. clipping
C. acronymy
D. compounding
Key: A
14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.
A. N. Chomsky
B. F. de Saussure
C. M. A. Halliday
D. J. Austin
Key: C
15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.
A. denotative
B. connotative
C. collective
D. stylistic
Key: A
16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as "______".
A. tenor of discourse
B. mode of discourse
C. field of discourse
D. idiolect
Key: A
17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.
A. isolating
B. fusional
C. analytic
D. agglutinative
Key: D
18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.
A. Minimal pairs
B. Illocutionary acts
C. Social dialects
D. Adjacency pairs
Key: D
19. The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.
A. gradability
B. complementarity
C. hyponymy
D. homonymy
Key: B
20. The words "encore" and "au pair " are loanwords from _______.
A. French
B. German
C. Italian
D. Spanish
Key: A
21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.
a. N. Chomsky
B. F. de Saussure
C. M. A. Halliday
D. J. Austin
Key: b
22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language
a. native English words
B. borrowed words
C. echoic words
D. one-syllable words
Key: c
23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]
a. voiceless
B. oral
C. alveolar
D. lateral
24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.
a. dental
B. alveolar
C. palatal
D. labiodental
Key: d
25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.
a. affricates
B. fricatives
C. bilabial
D. oral stops
Key: d
26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct
a. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme
B. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.
C. Allophones distinguish meaning.
D. Allophones are language specifi
C.
Key: c
27 Which of the following words is not a free morpheme
a. able
B. pet
C. change
D. dusty
Key: d
28 How many morphemes are there in the word discharged
a. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Key: b
29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only
a. happiness
B. television
C. ecology
D. teacher
Key: c
30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.
a. interchangeability
B. productivity
C. cultural transmission
D. arbitrariness
31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.
A. the conventional nature of language
B. the creative nature of language
C. the universality of language
D. the big difference between human language and animal communication
Key: A
32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.
A. kibl
B. bkil
C. ilkb
D. ilbk
Key: A
33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".
A. hierarchical
B. linear
C. tree diagram
D. vertical
Key: B
34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.
A. Case Condition
B. Case Parameter
C. Adjacent Condition
D. Adjacent Parameter
Key: C
35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.
A. phoneme
B. word
C. phrase
D. sentence
Key: D
36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.
A. commisives
B. directives
C. expressives
D. declaratives
Key: A
37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. comparative
D. historical comparative
Key: B
38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.
A. title+first name
B. title+title
C. title alone
D. first name+last name+title
Key: C
39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".
A. vocal thought
B. subvocal thought
C. covert thought
D. overt thought
Key: D
40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition
A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.
B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.
C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.
Key: A
41. The words "kowtow" and "tea " are loanwords from _______.
A. Chinese
B. German
C. Italian
D. Spanish
Key: A
42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. comparative
D. historical comparative
Key: B
43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.
A. blending
B. clipping
C. acronymy
Key: A
44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.
A. isolating
B. fusional
C. analytic
D. agglutinative
Key: B
45. The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.
A. gradability
B. complementarity
C. hyponymy
D. homonymy
Key: C
46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.
A. duality
B. productivity
C. displacement
D. arbitrariness
Key: D
47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.
A. phatic
B. directive
C. evocative
D. performative
Key: A
48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.
A. associative
B. affective
C. stylistic
D. collocative
Key: D
49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.
A. suffixation
B. back-formation
C. blending
D. acronymy
Key:
50. The relation between "rose" and "flower" is labeled as ________.
A. gradability
B. complementarity
C. hyponymy
Key: C
51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.
A. duality
B. productivity
C. displacement
D. arbitrariness
Key: C
52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.
A. directive
B. informative
C. interrogative
D. expressive
53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.
A. diachronic
B. synchronic
C. descriptive
D. prescriptive
Key: B
54. The distinction between "competence" and "performance" was made by______ .
A. N. Chomsky
B. F. de Saussure
C. M. A. Halliday
D. L. Bloomfield
Key: A
55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.
A. dental
B. bilabial
C. velar
D. alveolar
Key: D
56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word "internationalism" should be regarded as a ___________ .
A. root
B. stem
C. prefix
D. suffix
Key: B
57. Words such as "telex" and "workfare" are created through ___________.
A. affixation
B. compounding
C. conversion
D. blending
Key: D
58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as "John is a student." belongs to __________construction.
A. endocentric
B. exocentric
C. coordinate
D. subordinate
Key: B
59. The sense relationship between "male" and "female" is _________.
A. complementarity
B. gradability
C. relational opposites
D. hyponymy
Key: A
60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.
A. sentence
B. lexical
C. grammatical
D. utterance
Key: B
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
(完整版)语言学练习题及答案
练习1 1. There is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. This is one of the design features of language.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 3. ___ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation .A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 4. __ __ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldn’t be bow-wowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 5. ______ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 6. ______ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 7. To say “How are you.” “Hi” to your friends is the ____ __of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 8. “Tell me the result when you finish.” If you want to get your hearer to do something, y ou should use the _____ of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __ ___. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 10. A linguist is interested in ___A. speech sounds only B. all sounds C. vowels only 11. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. [t] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p 12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate? A. [y] B. [t∫] C. [z] D. [dЗ] 13. Which of the following sounds is a central vowel? A. [ ? ] B. [ i ] C. [ou] D. [a: ] 14. In the following sounds , ______ is a palatal fricative ? A. [ s ] B. [∫] C. [ l ] D. [θ] 15. In the following sounds, _____ is a voiceless affricative? A. [dЗ] B. [v] C. [t∫] D. [θ] 16. In English if a word begins with a [ l ] or [ r ],then the next sound must be a __ __. A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semi-vowel D. vowel 17. Of the “words” listed below___ is not an English word A. [r∧b ] B. [ l? b ] C. [m?sta:∫] D. [lm?p] 18. ___ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released. A. Back vowels B. Stops C. Fricatives D. Glides 19. The International Phonetic Association devised the INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in _____. A. 1965 B. 1957 C. 1888 D. 1788 20. ___ is a phonological unit , and it is a unit that is of distinctive value. A. Phone B. Phoneme C. Allophone D. Sound 1. [ f ] is a dental consonant. F 2. Phonology studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. F 7. The three / p / are allophones. T 3. Phoneme is a phonological unit. T 4. Phone is a phonetic unit. T
(完整版)英语专八语言学测试题
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