2018届上师大附中闵行分校高三英语测验二

II. Grammar and V ocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.

The Crown Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to 21 is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机). The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity-roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will ______22_____（give）meat tickets worth $ 36 _____23_____they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones ____24______ (attach) to the handlebars measuring how much power _____25_____ (generate) for the hotel.

The plan, a world-first, will start on 19 April and run for a year. Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Fredericka Tomemmergaard, hotel spokeswoman, said, “Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There ____26______be people who will cycle just _____27_____(get) a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”

Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of _____28______(high) percentages in the world , according to the websites visitcopenhagen.dk. US environmental website https://www.360docs.net/doc/4015871762.html, recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “____29___Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling, we felt the bicycle would work well _______30___a symbol of the hotel’s green profile(形象).”

If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain

____31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be

____32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as nt as knowing what to do. For example, ___34____ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.

Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for __39_____ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:

A – Airway: is it open and clear?

B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.

C – Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40____? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. __41__ that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still __42__ in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on live TV. Anyone who didn't know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made __43__ worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our

__44__ to work together before everything goes to hell.

Granted, some amount of delusion(错觉)is probably part of the human condition. In A.D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work __45__, in the same spot-until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a __46__ of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at __47__ themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we __48__ did about the dangers we face. But it turns out that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is __49__ the storm, the quake or the surge itself. More often it is ourselves.

So what has happened in the year that __50__ the disaster on the Gulf Coast?In New Orleans,the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls.They have got the walls to __51__ they were before Katrina,more or less.That's not __52__,we can now say with confidence.But it may be all __53__ can be expected from one year of hustle(忙碌).

Meanwhile,New Orleans offcials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to evacuate the sick and the disabled.The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a __54__ out.However,state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken.The __55__ with neighboring communities are on going and difficult.

41. A. To B. By C. On D. For

42. A. fresh B. obvious C.apparent D. evident

43. A.little B. less C. more D. much

44. A.reluctance B. rejection C. denial D. decline

45. A. revising B. refining C. rebuilding D. retrieving

46. A. review B. reminder C. concept D. prospect

47. A. preparing B. protesting C. protecting D. prevailing

48. A.never B. ever C.then D. before

49. A.merely B. rarely C. incidentally D. accidentally

50. A. ensued B. traced C.followed D. occurred

51. A.which B. where C.what D. when

52. A. enough B. certain C. conclusive D. final

53. A. but B. as C. that D. those

54. A.ride B. trail C.path D. track

55. A. conventions B. notifications C. communications D. negotiations Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a

person by offering him inducements(引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.

Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy( 等级制度)whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.

One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.

56. According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by _______.

A.satisfying their physiological needs.

B.satisfying their self-realization needs.

C.satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order need.

D. first satisfying their lower-order needs.

57.Which of the following statements may be supported by Morse and Weiss?

A.Physiological needs are the most basic.

B.There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.

C.Economic factors are the greatest inducement.

D.Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor.

58.Simon points out that _______.

A. the needs of individuals range from hunger to self-realization.

B. economic factors are not the only inducement for working.

C. effective inducements must be based on what individuals want.

D. Inducements must not be varied.

(B)

The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for alegitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report,Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train inhospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to developa Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standardsfor assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Largenumbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, ”to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”

59. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_______.

A. doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain.

B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

C. the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.

D. patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.

60. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?

A. Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.

B. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.

C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.

D. A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

61. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive"(line 3, paragraph 7)?

A. Bold

B. Harmful

C.Careless

D. Desperate

62. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they_______.

A. manage their patients incompetently.

B. give patients more medicine than needed .

C. reduce drug dosages for their patients.

D. prolong the needless suffering of the patients.

(C)

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "It's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women

are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other

family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that was my escape to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses, Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

63. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

B. Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

C. Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

D.Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

64. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_______.

A. domestic and temporary.

B. irregular and violent.

C. durable and frequent.

D. trivial and random.

65. The sentence "I lived from paycheck to paycheck."(Line 6, Para. 5) shows

that_______.

A. Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

B. Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses.

C. Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

D. Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

B. Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

C. Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

D. Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

Section C

Directions:Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are more sentence than you need.

Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?” 67.

There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time.68 . He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad（少年）offered to take his place. 69.

70 . If the lad had gone home to ponder(考虑) his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.

Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）. When you go for a job interview or fill out an application,

you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying.But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company's faults. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.

IV. Summary Writing.

Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 https://www.360docs.net/doc/4015871762.html,e your own words as far as possible.

A good story encourage us to turn the next page and read more.We want to find out what happens next and what the main characters do and what they say to each other.We may feel excited,sad,afraid,angry or really happy.This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us ‘feel’ that we are part of the story.Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them.Perhaps we have similar problems.

Because of this natural empathy with the characters,our brains process the reading of stories differently from the way we read factual information.Our brains don’t always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become ‘alive’ to us.What they say and do is therefore more meaningful.This is why the words and structures that relate a story’s events,descriptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.

In fact,cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another.Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to relate to others and to our world was not only understood,but remembered too.(Notice that the word ‘history’ contains the word ‘story’---this is not a coincidence! )

Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun,but memorable.

V.Translation

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.

1.她一看完那个关于濒临灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)

2.毫无疑问，真正重要的不是你读了多少而是你看了什么。(count)

3.在我看来，这是这么小的一个细节，不值一提。(worth)

4.人们很难想象他这样一个体面的政府官员是如何一夜之间就沦为阶下囚的。(reduce)

VI.Guiding writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求：

1.简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；

2.说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对着两个场所进行对比）。

上海市静安区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

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