初中英语易混动词辨析

初中英语易混动词辨析
初中英语易混动词辨析

初中英语易混动词辨析

一、say;speak;tell;talk

1.say“说”,后接所说的话与内容。

1)say+(that)从句

2)say sth. to sb.(强调说话的内容)

2.tell“告诉”,后接说话对象和话语内容。

1)tell sb.+that从句

2)tell sb.sth.= tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事

3)tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人(不)去做某事

4)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事

5)词组:

tell a story 讲故事

tell a lie 撒谎

tell (sb.) the truth 说实话

3.talk“谈论”,是不及物动词,要加介词才能接谈话的对象或内容。

1)talk with sb. 和某人谈话(两人互相)

2)talk about sth. 谈论某事

3)talk with sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事

4.speak“说”,主要指说话的行为“发言”或“说某种语言”。

1)speak English 说英语

say in English 用英语说

2)speak at the meeting 在会议上发言(演讲)

3)May I speak to..., please? (打电话常用语)我可以和……讲话吗?

二、look ;see;watch;read

1.look强调集中注意力“看”这个动作,不强调看的结果,是不及物动词,常与

at连用,然后接宾语。

词组:

look at 看……have a look at看一看……

look out小心;向外看look after照顾

look up查找look for寻找

look + a.看起来look like看起来像

2.see 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。

词组:

see a film see a movie

see a play see a doctor

see sb. do sth.see sb. doing sth.

3.watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。

词组:

watch TV看电视watch a match 看比赛

4.read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”“看文字”之意。

词组:

read a book读书read a magazine看杂志

read newspaper看报read a letter看信

三、listen;hear

1.listen“听”,指“倾听”,“用心听”,但不涉及听见什么。不及物动词,如表达“听

某人讲”,要用listen to sb.。

2.hear“听见”,指声音达到听觉范围,强调听见什么。

四、study, learn

1.study 主要表示“学习、研究”,指过程

How many subjects do you study?(你学多少门课程?)

2.learn主要表示“学会”,指结果

Have you learned it yet?(这个你学过了吗?)

3.表示“学”时study, learn可以互换。

How long have you studied/learned English?(你学英语多久了?)

五、make;do

1.do:一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用

I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该干什么。

2.make:创造建构某事物用

My father and I once made a boat. 我和我爸曾经做过一只船。

六、spend;pay;cost;take

相同之处:take、spend、cost、pay都可以表示“花费”。

不同之处:

1.spend的主语必须是人:

1)spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。

2)spend time/ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。

2.cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”:

1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱某物花了(某人)多少钱。

2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

3.take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:

It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。

4.pay的基本用法是:

1)pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。

2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。

七、arrive;reach;get

这三个词都表示“到达、抵达某地(尤指行程的终点)”,但用法不同。

1.arrive不及物动词(vi.),可以单独使用,如:They have arrived.

1)如果要接宾语表示“到达某地”,则要加介词:

arrive in +大地方

arrive at +小地方

2)如接地点副词home, here等,则不加介词:

arrive +地点副词

2.reach及物动词(vt.),后面可以直接加要到达的地方。

3.get不及物动词(vi.),通常与to连用表示“到达某地”,即get to a place。

后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get here,get there,get home。

八、lend;borrow;keep

1.lend “借出”,瞬间动词,把某物借给某人,用“lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.”

Don’t lend it to others.

2.borrow 瞬间动词,“借入”,向某人借某物用“borrow sth. from sb. ”

I borrowed a bike from him.

3.keep 表示借多久,borrow和lend都是短暂性动词,keep是延续性动词,与

一段时间连用。

How long can I keep this book?

4.return 表示“归还;返回”

归还=give back

返回=go/come back

九、look for;find;find out

1.look for“寻找”,指找某人/某物的过程,不涉及找到与否。

H e is looking for different places.

2.find“找到”,是look for 的结果,强调找到了某人/物。

I can’t find the broom.

3.find out是经过调查“发现、查明(真相)”

Jane was angry when Lucy found out her secrets.

十、join、join in、attend、take part in

1.join有两种意思:

1)表示加入某个组织、团体、党派等,如“参军,入团,入党”等。

He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年参军)

2)表示和某人一起做某事,join sb.

Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗?

2.join in指参加小规模的活动,如“球赛,游戏”。

Can I join in the game?

3.attend“出席”,表示参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼;去上课,上学,听报告等。

句子的主语只是表示去听、去看,自己不一定起积极作用。

He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。

4.take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。

He took an active part in the students’ movement in the 1940s.(在二十世纪40年代他积极参加学生运动)

十一、take;bring;carry;fetch

1.take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。

It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.

2.bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。

Bring me the book, please.

3.carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、

提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。

The box is heavy. Can you carry it?

4.fetch 意思是“去取,去拿”,表示往返拿某物,即去某地拿某物再回来的意

思。

Let me fetch some apples for you. 让我去给你拿一些苹果。

十二、put on;wear;dress

1.put on“穿上”,指穿衣,戴帽,穿鞋、袜等。强调“穿”的动作。

Don’t be late, oh, and put on your old clothes.

2.wear“穿着”,指衣服穿在身上,也可以指戴着手表,戴着花,戴着眼镜。强

调状态。

Lucy is wearing blue trousers and a blouse.

3.dress“(给人)穿”,此词为及物动词,用法是dress sb.;“给自己穿”通常用

dress oneself。另外还可用于“be dress in+衣服或衣服颜色”。

十三、be used for、be/get used to、used to

1.be used for (doing) sth. 表示“用于…,被用来……”

be used to + do sth. 表示“用于…,被用来……”

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6f646416.html,ed to + do sth.表示“过去常常”,

used to be…表示“过去是”

there used to be 表示“过去有”

否定式可以是“didn’t use to”

3.get/be used to + sth./doing sth.表示“习惯于….”

十四、be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for

1.be made of指从制成品中可以看得出原材料

The desk is made of wood and metal. (桌子是铁和木头打的)

2.be made from则指从制成品中看不出原材料,口语中都可以换成be made out

of。

This kind of paper is made from bamboo. (这种纸是由竹子生产的)

3.be made into表示“被制成……”

A lot of paper has been made into paper birds. (许多纸被折叠成了小鸟)

4.be made in表达被制造的地点

Computers are made in these cities. (计算机是在这几个城市制造的)

5.be made by表达制造的人

This kite was made by Uncle Wang. (这个风筝是王叔叔做的)

6.be made for表达被制造的目的。

A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了让我

装废物)

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