高考英语语法专攻-《代词》-考点归纳+针对性练习
高中英语语法专攻-《代词》
【考点1-人称&物主&反身代词】
注意:
①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father她的父亲。
②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine 我的一个朋友。
【考点2-“it”用法】
1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如:
It is half past two now.现在两点半。(指时间)
It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.离最近的医院有六英里。(指距离)
It is very cold in the room.房间很冷。(指温度)
2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如:
These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide.
现在这些当地居民必须使他们传统的自足自给的狩猎生活方式与现代法兰西共和国生活方式保持平衡,因为,随之而来的不仅有必要的社会福利,还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀。(it指前面所提到的情况)
—Who’s that at the door?
—It is the milkman.
——门口那人是谁?
——是送奶工。(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)
—I’ve broken a plate.我打碎了一个盘子。
—It(=Breaking the plate) doesn’t matter.没关系。(it指前面所提到过的事情)
3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当。如:
It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.
据说他们都去看电影了。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)They live far from the school,and it takes them about an hour and a half to go to work every day.
他们住的地方离学校很远,所以每天(从家)去上班要花费一个半小时的时间。
4.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(短语),尤其是表示好恶的动词(短语)后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,don’t mind,be fond of,feel lik e,see to后,即这些动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。如:
How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
如果你正在观看你自己喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进入房间,没有询问你的意见就把电视关掉了,你会有什么样的感受?
I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
当我在工作时她给我打电话,我很讨厌。因为我总是太忙而无法与她聊下去。
5.it的固定结构:make it;get it;see to it that;put it。如:
How shall I put it?我该怎么说呢?
1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。
one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于a/an+单数名词;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。
that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn’t find it.S o I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one 替代a pen)
昨天我丢了钢笔而且没找到。所以我不得不再买一支。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.(those/the ones替代the books)
桌子上的书要比桌子下面的好。
Few pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。(that替代pleasure) (2017·11浙江,听力)Some aspects of life here are different from those in the United States.
这里的生活在某些方面与美国有差别。(those 相当于Some aspects of life)
2.that和one的主要区别:
that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。
(2016·北京)Universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
大学已屈服于给学生提供如家般的同样环境这一想法。
When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake jumps by 14 percent.
当我们选择一把大勺而不是更小的勺子时,总摄入量就增加了14%。
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。This is what I want to say.这就是我想要说的。
That was twenty years ago.那是二十年前的事了。
These are not my books.这些不是我的书。
Those are her papers.那些是她的试卷。
【考点5-易混代词辨析A组】
1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词使用范围为两者。
John and Mary have both won the prizes.
约翰和玛丽都得了奖。
The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions.
这个调查组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告,但是没有一份包含有用的建议。
I’ve lived in New York and Chicago,but don’t like either of them very much.
我曾经在纽约和芝加哥居住过,但是这两个城市我都不是很喜欢。
2.both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
街道两旁都有花。
There are flowers on either side of the street.
街道的每一边都有花。
3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。
All the students in my class like our teachers.
我们班的所有学生都喜欢我们的老师。
He was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.
他决定他的每个孩子都不会拒绝接受任何教育。
4.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。
They each have a car.他们都有车。
【考点6-易混代词辨析B组】
1.no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。He has no worry about safety.
他一点也不为安全担心。
2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句。
—How many people are there in the room?房间里有多少人?
—None.没有人。
3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。
The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date for sure.
这次会议将在9月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。
(2016·天津)Nothing like this had ever been done before,and day after day I kept coming up with solutions,but none of them worked.
像这样的事以前从未做过,日复一日,我不断想出办法,但没有一个起作用。
【考点7-易混代词辨析C组】
1.another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。(2016·浙江)The answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.
答案在于流言的另一个作用:它给我们带来了满足感。
You have to wait for another three weeks.
你还得再等三周。
2.other 可用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。
You can ask other people to help you.
你可以让其他人帮你。
3.the other指两个人或物中的一个,不能用another,此时other为代词。
The old man has two sons.One is a teacher;the other is a doctor.
这位老人有两个儿子。一个是老师,另一个是医生。
4.the other 后可接可数名词单数也可接复数名词,不接不可数名词。此时other为形容词。
On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边,有一棵高树。
He is taller than the other students in his class.
他比班里其他学生都高。
5.others 是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个;其他的”。others不能做定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。
They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them.
他们相信这也许解释了为什么我们中的一些人喜欢某些气味和味道而其他人不喜欢。
Two students in our class failed,but all the others passed the exam.
班里两个学生没及格,但其他学生全部通过了考试。
【考点8-不定代词】
everyone/everybody意为“每个人”;someone/somebody意为“某人,有人”,其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意为“任何人,无论谁”;nobody意为“没有人,无人,谁也不”。
everything意为“每个;所有”;something意为“某事/物”;其特殊含义是“大致;……左右;有价值的人或者重要的人或者事物”;anythi ng意为“任何事物”;nothing意为“没有”。
You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。
Somebody has parked his car right in front of mine.
有人将车子正好停在我的车子前面。
He was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him.
他讲话很快,没有人能听懂。
After winning the singing competition,she thought herself someone in her neighborhood.
她赢得歌唱比赛之后,觉得自己是社区里的重要人物了。
(2017·11浙江,听力)Everything is fresher and better tasting than at home.一切东西都比家里的更新鲜,口感更佳。
(2016·北京)Growing up,I had people telling me I was too slow,though,with an IQ of 150+ at 17,I’m anything but stupid.
在我成长过程中,人们不断地告诉我,我很迟钝,尽管我一点也不笨,17岁时智商就在150以上。
A smile costs nothing,but gives much.
微笑花费不了什么,却给予很多。
常见搭配:
nothing but 只不过
anything but绝不;根本不
something of 有点儿……;在某种程度上是
nothing to do with 和……没关系
for nothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地
He is anything but a doctor.
他绝不是一名医生。
He’s something of a cheat.
他某种程度上是个骗子。
They will repair the building for the old man for nothing.
他们将会为这位老人免费维修楼房。
【考点9-部分否定与全部否定】
all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定。
none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any 以及“no+名词”均表示全部否定;但当not 与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管not的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。
None of them smoke.
他们都不吸烟。
Such a person can’t be found everywhere.(部分否定)
这种人并非随处可见。
【专题专练】
Ⅰ.根据提示或语境完成句子
1.(2017·浙江)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt myself(I),”says Pahlsson.
2.(2017·全国Ⅱ)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
3.(2016·江苏)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways,like gathering in war parties to protect their(they) territory.
4.In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from that in Canada.
5.For the first time,I feel good about myself(me) because I’m doing something.
6.All around her(she),people were suffering,especially the elderly.
7.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door,almost all will immediately try to help.
8.A few hours earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with its(it) choking smog.
9.Julie learned to use her mind and imagination to entertain herself.
10.(2018·全国Ⅰ) If you are time poor,you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.
11.As a student studying in America,I find that the method of teaching is quite different from that given by Chinese teachers.
12.I can’t help it if he is always making noise.
13.I walked her to the car and opened the car door for her,which won me her big smile
and gratitude.I know it is a small thing,but I felt so good inside for helping her.
14.(2018·全国Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find them(they) alive.
15.“One time I asked her,why is my(me) listening comprehension so bad?” Mr.Zuckerberg said.
16.I was blessed with a happy childhood,one that most people would want to have.
17.The professor spoke highly of me,for what I did was better than that of any other top member on the team.
18.—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?
—Either.I’ll be in all day.
19.She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
Ⅱ.根据短文内容,填上适当的代词(每空一词)
My friend Henry and I always walk home together after school,for 1.we live in the same block and 2.both of us go in for football.One afternoon on 3.our way home,we were about to say goodbye to each 4.other when we heard a loud shout behind https://www.360docs.net/doc/0319479926.html, .As we looked around to see what had happened,we found a middle-aged woman lying on the ground,bleeding.We realized that 6.she had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 7.her ,but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Henry and 8.me from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with 9.him .How could 10.he stop us from helping a dying woman?The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see a man carrying a video camera on the shoulder.They were just shooting a film.
高考英语语法专攻-《代词》-考点归纳+针对性练习
高中英语语法专攻-《代词》 【考点1-人称&物主&反身代词】 注意: ①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father她的父亲。 ②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine 我的一个朋友。 【考点2-“it”用法】 1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如: It is half past two now.现在两点半。(指时间) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.离最近的医院有六英里。(指距离) It is very cold in the room.房间很冷。(指温度) 2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如: These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide. 现在这些当地居民必须使他们传统的自足自给的狩猎生活方式与现代法兰西共和国生活方式保持平衡,因为,随之而来的不仅有必要的社会福利,还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀。(it指前面所提到的情况)
高三高考英语语法专题复习之代词讲义教案(含练习答案)
学员编号：年级：高三课时数: 学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师： 授课类型代词 授课日期及时段 教学内容 考点解读 1、思维导图形式先呈现整体框架 概念及分类 '人称代词：主格、宾格 物主代词：形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词 反身代词 疑问代词 it it/one 代词彳指示代词（重点）＜ 〔that/those e every/each 不定代词（重点）n nothing/nobody/none L （the）other/others/another ；相互代词 2、重难点（讲解） 重难点一：it与one的用法 1.it的用法 a.it不仅可指代某样东西，还可指代人（专指未知性别的人，如婴儿，门外敲门者或电话另一端未明确身份的人等。）例如：
Is it a boy or a girl? It's a girl. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is. b.it可指代时间、季节、地点、天气、距离、金钱等。例如： I hope it is spring all the year round. It is no far from the school to my home. c.it用作形式主语或形式宾语。例如： It is certain that food prices are going up. She soon found it possible to go to the fitness club regularly. 2.one的用法 one是不定代词，可代替前面出现的某个可数名词，复数为ones。例如： I would like to have a digital camera, but I can 't afford one. There are only hard chocolates left; we ve eaten all the soft ones. 重难点二：that与those的用法 that替代被限定的、有定语修饰的名词；that可替代可数名词单数或不可数名词，指代可数名词复数 时用those。例如： For a lot of friends, their teacher's advice is more important than that of their parents'. There are many more words beginning with "a" than those ending with "a". 重难点三：every 与each的区另U The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想至U的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. 重难点四：nothing、no one(nobody)与none 的区另U nothing和no one(nobody)指无具体范围的否定；而none指有一定范围的否定，常和of短语连用，即 可指物也可指人。试比较： A:Is there anything on the desk? B:Nothing.(无具体范围) A:Is there any book on the desk? B:None.(有明确的范围) 2
【备战2014】高考英语语法复习专题 代词 (重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练)
分类 单数复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称代 词 主格I you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us You them 物主代 词 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词this that such these those such 相 互 代 词 宾格each other one another 所有格each other’s one another’s 不 定 代 词 可数one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither 不可数much, (a) little 可数不可数any other all some 复合 不定代词 anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing 疑问代词who whom whose which what 连接代词who whom whose which what（参见名词性从句） 关系代词who whom whose which that（参见定语从句）
2021年高考英语语法复习-代词考点总结及配套练习
2021年高考英语语法复习-代词考点总结及 配套练习 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
2021年高考英语语法复习代词 考点一人称代词 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语时用主格,作宾语或表语时用宾格。 Tom is a student.He works very hard. 汤姆是一名学生,他学习非常努力。 Please send her the parcel.请把包裹寄给她。 He has a dog to keep him company. 他有一条狗陪伴他。 ①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。 —Tom,go and clean the yard. ——汤姆,去打扫院子。 —Why me?——为什么是我? ②在比较状语从句中,than,as后用主格或宾格都可以。 He is taller than I∕me.他比我高。 考点二物主代词 The students are doing their homework. 学生们正在做作业。 Your room is big while mine is small.
你的房间大,而我的房间小。 考点三指示代词 The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。 Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。 考点四相互代词 相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。所有格是在其后加’s,在句中作定语。 We have to help one another.我们得互相帮助。 They looked into each other’s eyes for a silent company. 他们默默地对视了一会儿。 考点五反身代词
2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练学案(人教版)：代词
第2讲代词 I① am a senior high school student and I① want to join our② school football team，but the person in charge has rejected me③.I have to spend my② spare time practicing football to improve myself④.Look! The football under the bed is mine⑤.It has been worn out. [规则感悟]①为人称代词的主格形式作主语。②为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。③为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。 (一)代词的形式 类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词 第一人称 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves 第二人称you you your yours yourself you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves (二)反身代词的习惯用法 与介词搭配 by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自；为自己of oneself自动地 in oneself本质上；本身 与动词搭配 apply oneself to专心致志于behave oneself举止得体；行为检点dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to致力于；献身于help oneself to随便吃/用 enjoy oneself玩得开心
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rockets. 3)1 told him that his new dictionary was quite different from me.(改错)4)The mother panda is feeding(it) baby. 反身代词： 反身代词不作主，宾表同位它都行， 反身主语相照应，单复形式要记清。 牛刀小试： l.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a forest. 1.Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper tothe two simple words “Be yourself". 1.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy.(改错) 4.1n the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.(改错)反身代词固定搭配: l)help oneself to sth 自取(食物等);偷2)by oneself 单独地3)enjoy oneself过得快乐；玩得开心 4)learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学5)hurt oneself 伤害某人自己 6)come to oneself 苏醒7)say to oneself心里想；自言自
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第三章练习题：代词 1.You may depend on ______ that they will look after your daughter when you are away for the meeting. A. it B. this C. her D. them 解析:A句意：你相信好了，他们在你离开去开会时会照顾你的女儿的。此处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。可以将you may depend on it that视为一个固定搭配，意为“你相信好了……”。 2.Finally, the only one T-shirt in size L arrested Daniel's eyes, and he got ______ at a 15% discount. A. it B. this C. one D. that 解析:A句意：最后，唯一的一件L号的T恤吸引了丹尼尔，他以八五折的价格买了下来。前面提到the only one“仅有的一件”，所以不能选择one，one 指的是很多中的一个。此处用it指代the only one T-shirt。 3.I would greatly appreciate ______ if you send me the application forms as soon as possible. A. it B. that C. / D. which 解析:A句意：你若尽快寄来申请表，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if…如果……我将非常感激。 4.His teaching experience at the rural school is much different from ______ of other teachers. A. one B. it C. that D. this 解析:C句意：他在这所农村学校的教学经验很不同于其他老师。that指代前文提到过的teaching experience。 5.The atmosphere of this lecture is far more pleasant than ______ of yesterday's. A. it B. that C. one D. this 解析:B句意：这个讲座的氛围要比昨天的好得多。因为空处代替the atmosphere，表示特指，所以用that。 6.How can I help ______ if people just don't follow my advice? A. it B. that C. them D. this 解析:A句意：如果人们不肯听从我的建议，我该怎么办呢？help，appreciate 等动作后要接when或if引导的句子时，其后必须先接it，且it无实义。 7.It is generally considered that the animals in cages are less fortunate than ______ in the wild. A. these B. those C. one D. the one 解析:B句意：人们一般认为关在笼子里的动物没有在野生环境中生活的动物幸运。those指代前文的复数名词animals，相当于the ones。 8.In their hearts, some Japanese women think it is men's duty to make money and ______ to spend it. A. they B. them C. theirs D. their
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2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题03-代词
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2021年高考英语必考点全梳理专题3-代词(高效演练)
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