基础英语第三单元答案

基础英语第三单元课后习题答案

Text comprehe nsion

I. A

II. 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F.

III. 1. See Paragraph 1. people rush ing into elevators without giving those in side

a cha nee to get off first, n ever say ing ‘enhaneyDho” awhoor

open for them, or “ Please ” when they want a coworker to hand them

somethi ng, n ever givi ng a wave or nod oappreciatiorwhe n ano ther motorist lets thempull outi nto traffic.

2. See paragraph 4, example and pan achegAaciousma nner not only sets an excelle nt example for your childre n and gran dchildre n but it addpricelesspa nachei your image.

3. See para.5, a recipe. The n ote was lovely eno ugh, but eve n lovelier was the fact that the guest had also in cluded a recipe for a dish Icomplime nted her 6n d t an earlier gatheri ng.

4. See para.7, “ ExcusJisted” powerful as a thank-you note is the

simple phrase “ Excuse me. ”

5. See para.9, we love the mostT hat' s wher⑥ounts the most because those are the people we love the most.

6. See para. 11. She wishes that every one would catch them.

IV. 1.A gracious manner makes you look much more stylish, charm ingand admirable, con tributi ng in valuably to your image.

2. I am sure that to finish writing a thank-you note will not take my guest too much time.

3. It made most of your irritation disappear.

4. Being pun ctual has always bee n con sidered a virtue, both in the past and at prese nt; it

has not become outdated.

5. You shouldn ' t accept the other person ' s presenee withouwthinking of ho

much it mea ns to you.

6. Good manners are easy to catch.

Structural analysis of the text

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I. Vocabulary Analysis

I. Phrase practice

1. get away from sth. = become differe nt from what it should be like 偏离了以往的规范

2. giving a wave or nod of appreciation = displaying gratitude by waving a hand or noddi ng the head 招手或点头以表示感谢

pull out into traffic =move out onto the main road 从路侧驶入车流

3. matter very much = be of great significance

4. on the receiving end =who receives the thank-you remar接收方；

5. go a long way = produce a far-reach ing effec有长远的影响

II.

1. punctuality;

2. routine;

3. infectious;

4. bet;

5. terrific;

6. board;

7. valued;

8. count;

9. cherishes;

10. irritations.

III.

matter: to be important, or to affect what happens

happen: when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned care:if you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about it

mind: to take care of someone or something

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hurry: to do something or go somewhere more quickly than usual, especially because there is not much time

rush: if you rush somewhere, you go there quickly

hasten:you hasten something by acting in order to make it happen sooner

quicken: to become quicker or make something quicker

copartner: a joint partner (as in a business enterprise)

coworker: your coworker is someone you work with, especially people on the same job or project as you

colleague:your colleagues are the people you work with, especially in a professional job

cooperative: a business or organization owned equally by all the people working there 4.

pull up: the driver stops the car, often for a short time

pull out: a vehicle starts moving onto a road or onto a different part of the road

pull off: to drive a car off a road in order to stop, or to turn into a smaller road

pull down: to earn a particular amount of money

e.g.He is pulling down $5,000 a year.

manner: the way in which people behave and talk when they are with other people, for example whether they are polite, confident or bad-tempered

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behaviour: the thing that a person or animal does

act:something that you do

way: the ways of a particular person or group of people are their customs or their usual behavior

graceful: behave in a pleasant way

gracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank grateful: wish to thank

grand: splendid in style and appearance; attracting admiration and attention

menu: a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurant cookbook: a book that contains recipes for preparing food recipe: a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food ingredient: a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish

huge:extremely large in size, amount, or degree

enormous: emphasizing the great degree or extent of something vast:extremely big

colossal:used to emphasize that something is extremely large

1. c ompliment : praise insincerely as an empty formality or self-interested gesture. a. praised; b.

compliment; c. praise; d. complimented.

2. appreciate: be thankful or grateful; like or value something.

a. appreciated;

b. enjo yed;

c. enjoying;

d. appreciated.

IV.

3. precious: valuable, rare, important. Priceless: worth a lot of money.

a. priceless;

b. priceless;

c. precious;

d. precious.

4. notice: take in a small detail.

a. see;

b. no tice;

c. see;

d. no ticd

V. Synonym / Antonym

Give synonyms or antonyms of the word un derl ined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. … never giving a wave or nod ofppreciation when another motorist lets them pull

out into traffic.

Synony ms: tha nks, recog niti on

2. In our lazinesswe think that something like a simple “Thank you ” doesn ' t really matter.

Antonyms : activeness, liveliness, briskness, eagerness

3. We can' t be trul^tylish without good mann ers.

Synony ms: fashi on able, graceful, elega nt

4. Haven ' t you noticed that the kindest, mgeti erous people seem to keep getting prettier?

Antonyms : selfish, mean, ungenerous

5. A gracious manner not only sets an excelle nt example for your childre n and gran dchildre n but it adds pan ache to your image.

Synonyms: nice, courteous, polite, frien dly

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6. I know we all have busy lives.

Antony ms: leisurely, relaxed, idle, uno ccupied, lazy

7. But whe n some one does stop antiirn around and genuin ely apologizes, does n ' t it

melt away

most ——if not all ——of the irritati on you felt?

Synony ms: annoyan ce, vexati on, displeasure, dissatisfacti on

8. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either.

Antonyms : promptness, timekeeping, reliability

4. Word derivati on

Fill in the bla nk in each sentence with an appropriate form of the give n capitalized word in the brackets.

1..The next-door neighbours are so unfriendly that we havetopped trying to talk to them. (frie nd)

2. Yes, I can speak a little Spanish becausesIpentsome of my boyhood in Spain. (boy)

3. The doctor dealt with the hysterical patie ntwith un dersta nding. (un dersta nd)

4. There 'areception at the British Embassytonight. (receive)

5. The disappeara nee of the mon e^rom the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief. (appear)

6. You must accept the decisioof the committee, (decide)

7. Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactlyalike,(动名词短语独立结构) differing only in height. (differenee)

8. To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevatedads in the city. (elevator).

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1. friend (n.)朋友，友人，支持者

frie ndly (adj.&adv.)友好的，友善的

frie ndship (n.)友谊，友好

frie ndli ness (n.)友好，亲切

frie ndless (adj.)没有朋友的，无依无靠的

un frie ndly (adj.)不友好的，有敌意的

2. boy (n.)男孩，儿子，男服务员

boyish (adj.)像男孩子的

boyhood (n.少年时代

boylish (adj.)男孩样的，很帅气的

boyish ness (n .少年，幼稚，孩子气

3. understand (v.理解，懂，听说，获悉

un dersta ndi ng (n.了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议un dersta ndin gly (adv.谅解地

un dersta ndable (adj 可理解的，能够懂的

un dersta ndability (n.易懂性，可理解性

un dersta ndable ness (n不可理解

misun dersta nd (v.误会，误解

misun dersta nding (n.误会，误解

4. receive (v.)收到，接到，受到

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Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a（an） 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the 6 of violence in the media and its 7 harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces can influence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazines and newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertain us 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations. 1. ［A］alternative ［B］preference ［C］substitute ［D］representative 2. ［A］accomplishes ［B］fulfills ［C］provides ［D］suffices 3. ［A］risk ［B］mercy ［C］height ［D］expense 4. ［A］Absorbed ［B］Attracted ［C］Aroused ［D］Addicted 5. ［A］identify ［B］recognize ［C］unify ［D］equate 6. ［A］abundance ［B］incidence ［C］prevalence ［D］recurrence 7. ［A］disposed ［B］hidden ［C］implicit ［D］potential 8. ［A］merged ［B］emerged ［C］immerged ［D］submerged 9. ［A］apart from ［B］much as ［C］but for ［D］along with 10. ［A］promote ［B］propel ［C］prompt ［D］prosper 11. ［A］inspired ［B］imposed ［C］delivered ［D］contributed 12. ［A］External ［B］Exterior ［C］Explicit ［D］Exposed 13. ［A］As ［B］At ［C］For ［D］In 14. ［A］mark ［B］effect ［C］impact ［D］shock 15. ［A］generalized ［B］regularized ［C］standardized［D］categorized 16. ［A］boom ［B］bottom ［C］brim ［D］beam 17. ［A］over ［B］with ［C］on ［D］at 18. ［A］play ［B］take ［C］profit ［D］resort 19. ［A］barely ［B］carefully ［C］narrowly ［D］subjectively 20. ［A］ideal ［B］image ［C］stereotype ［D］criterion