代词知识点

1.人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。3.不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。2.反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。

考点一人称代词

2.用法

人称代词的主格在句中作主语或表语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语,也可作表语。如:We all like him.我们都很喜欢他。(we作主语,him作宾语)

—Who is it?谁?—It‘s I/me.是我。(it作主语,I/me作表语)

(1)当句中三种人称单数并列时,一般顺序是you, he and I(即二、三、一);

复数并列时顺序是we, you and they。

(2)it的用法

①代替前面提到过的事物。如:This is a watch. It is new.这是一块手表,它是新的。

②指时间、天气、距离等。如:It's eight o'clock in the evening. 现在是晚上8点钟。—How's the weather today? 今天的天气怎么样?—It's sunny. 天气晴朗。

③代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。如:

______hard for me ____________ the homework on time.对我而言,按时完成作业有困难。We think it helpful ______________ a walk after supper. 我们认为晚饭后散步有益。

__________ __ him three days to finish reading the book. 他花三天时间读完了那本书。3.巧记用法

(1)I在句中,永远都大写。(2)人称代词作表语时,口语中常用宾格。

(3)两个或两个以上的人称代词连用时,人称代词的顺序常常是:

单数:二,三,一。复数:一,二,三。

此外,要注意格的形式。如:He and I will go to the cinema.我和他要去看电影。

考点二物主代词

1.分类: 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。物主代词又分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表:

(1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:

形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,用于名词前作定语,相当于形容词的作用;

名词性物主代词单独使用,相当于名词的作用。

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:

This is my book.=This book is mine. 这是我的书。

(2)含有物主代词的重要词组:

do one's best try one's best all one's life do one's homework

on one's way to take one's time with one's help to one's surprise

考点三反身代词

1.含义

2. 用法

(1)反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语),和主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如:

The girl is too young to look after herself.这个女孩太小,不能照顾自己。(作宾语)

(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。如:

I myself can do this work well. 我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语)

You can ask the teacher herself. 你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语)

3.固定搭配

leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下enjoy oneself过得快乐;玩得开心

help oneself to随便吃/喝learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学

by oneself 单独地hurt oneself伤害某人自己make oneself at home别拘束

come to oneself 苏醒say to oneself 心里想;自言自语

考点四指示代词

1.this, that可用于电话用语中, this代表自己,that则代表对方。如:

Hello! This is Jane. 喂!我是简。Who is that?你是谁?

2.this 和these 主要表示近指,或在介绍别人时使用,而that 和those 表示远指。如:Mom, this is Mary, this is Jenny。妈妈,这位是玛丽,这位是珍妮。

3.that 和those 常用来代指前面提到的事物,避免重复。that 代替的是前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,those 代替的是前面提到可数名词复数。但this 和these 不能代替前面提到的内容。如:The weather in Beijing is warmer than that in Shenyang in winter.

在冬天,北京的天气比沈阳的要暖和。

考点五不定代词

1.定义

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有:some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, a lot of, lots of以及some-,any-,no-,every-与-thing, -body或-one构成的复合不定代词。2.常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析

他有一些朋友,但是他几乎没有好朋友。

There’s still ____________ meat at home,but there’s __________ bread.

家里还有点儿肉,但是几乎没面包了。

(2)some与any

①二者均表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。

②在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时,用some。如:Would you like __________?来点儿茶吗?

Will you please get for me? 请你帮我弄点儿水好吗?

My parents are ________ teachers.我父母都是老师。

There are some trees on ________ side of the road. 马路两边都有树。

I like ________ of these two coats. 这两件大衣我都不喜欢。

[注意]①either, any和neither 作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;none作主语时,谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,也可以用复数形式。如:

Neither of the answers is correct. 两个答案都不对。

Any book is very interesting.任何一本书都很有趣。

None of the students has/have an English book. 没有学生有英语书。

②词组both…and…(……和……都)作主语时,谓语动词用复数,而either…or…(或者……或者……;不是……就是……)和neither…nor…(既不……也不……)作主语时,谓语动词则遵循就近原则。

Either you or he is right.不是你对,就是他对。

Neither my parents nor my sister has been to the Great Wall. 我父母和姐姐都没去过长城。Both Mary and Peter are at home.玛丽和彼得都在家。

(4)each与every

两者都表示“每个,各个”,each强调每个人或事物的个别情况,即强调个体;every有“全体”的意思,即强调整体。两者作主语时谓语动词都用单数形式。如:

Each of them has a dictionary。=They each have a dictionary.他们每人有一本词典。

Every minute is important to us.对我们来说每分钟都很重要。

(5)other, others, the other, the others 与another

other 泛指“另外的”,常与可数名词或不可数名词连用;others 等于“other+复数名词”,泛指“别的人或物”;the other(+单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one…,the other…”结构;the others 等于“the+other+复数名词”,表示“其余所有的人或物”;another 指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”,用作代词或形容词。如:

Do you have any other ideas? 你有别的想法吗?

Some students are in the classroom, others are outside on the playground.

一些学生在教室,其他的在外面的操场上。

I have two brothers. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.

我有两个哥哥,一个是老师,另一个是医生。

These shoes are too large for my daughter. Would you show me another pair, please?

对我女儿来说,这双鞋子太大了,请你再给我拿一双,好吗?

(6)复合不定代词

指代“人”的有:someone/somebody(某人), anyone/anybody(任何人), nobody(没人), everyone/everybody(每个人)。

指代“物”的有:

something(某事,某物), anything(任何事), nothing(没什么),everything(每件事,一切)。

请注意以下几点:

①以some-和any-开头的复合不定代词的用法和some, any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)

②修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如:

Is there anything important in today's newspaper?今天的报纸有什么重要新闻吗?

③复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:

Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。

考点六疑问代词

疑问代词主要有who(谁), whom(谁), which(哪一个/哪一些),

what(什么)和whose(谁的),用来构成特殊疑问句,放在句子开头。如:

What do you want to know? 你想要知道什么?Whose shirt is this? 这是谁的衬衫?

考点过关用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Ms Li teaches ________ (we) math this term.2.This isn't ________ (she) watch. She lost hers. 3.My schoolbag is the same as ________ (you).4.They enjoyed ________ (they) at the party. 5.______ (that) blue socks look very nice.6.Everyone in our class ______ (study) hard every day. 7.He doesn't have ___________ (something) to do.8.________ (whom) spoke at the meeting? 9.Help __________ (yourself) to some beef, Jack. 10._____(we) teachers are very friendly to us. 11.Shall we wait for _______ (they) at the school gate?

12.Bob is a friend of ________ (I). We often help each other.

13.That's my father. ________ (him) is reading a newspaper.

14.She cooked dinner by ________ (she).15.My school is bigger than ________ (her).16.I think the bike can't be ________ (he).17.Jane is sitting between Lily and ________ (my).18.Their books are older than ________ (we).19.Please take some cards to ________ (she).20.Don't make ________ (his) feel sad. 21.________ (us) should be polite to the old.

22.My sister has a cat. ________ (it) name is Mimi.23.The little boy can't dress ________ (him).24.Does ________(somebody) have anything more to say?

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