2018届高考英语二轮专题总复习_听力应试技巧及策略

2012 届高考英语二轮专题总复习听力应试技巧及策略一听力在高考试卷中占的比分是五分之一，其比分之大使得考生不敢对其有半点的马虎。因此，掌握一定的听力技巧在高考时甚为重要。

?利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的准确率。

?注意重复的词语，这些词通常会给你一些线索，还会帮你回忆起你在题目中听过的人名和事物等名称。

?注意各个选项中的主要区别。你可能会看到一些不同的名字或地点或不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键，即关键词。

?克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的试题应快速作答，对无把握的试题也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准柑?碌奶饽俊?/P>?目前高考听力测试中短文理解大部分是记叙文或讲话稿，所以听录音时重在听懂每句话的意

思和内涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物（who）、事件（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、方式（how）、程度（howlong , howsoon, howmuch卜数字（howmany/howmuch）、选择（which …）等，以便检查答案。

?注意听短文的首句和首段,文章的开首和开首段,往往是对短文内容的概括,如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。

?不管听什么材料,注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上,千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上,听不清时马上放弃,不要强迫听清每一个词,要把重点放在听关键词即实词上,一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。

?保持良好的心态。千万不要因为某些地方听不懂而心烦意乱,纠缠不休,一定要平静地听下

去。否则会导致既丢“芝麻”，又丢“西瓜”的被动局面。（整理记者张斌）备考书目：《临阵磨枪?高考英语备忘》、《考易?高考英语谋略与演习》（模拟套题）、《高考英语听力超人》（含5盘磁带）

高考英语听力测试的特点及应试技巧

【考点聚焦】

2 0 0 2年听力第一次在全国范围（个别省例外）以

3 0分计入总分。听力测试安排在英语考试的开头,所以听力测试的好坏不但影响着听力题本身的得分,而且还对后面的解题产生一定的心理影响,故做好听力测试题,首战告捷,保持最佳竞技状态,是获得英语高分的前提和关键。

一、高考听力测试题的特点

1. 测试目的和要求

高考听力测试以语篇（对话或独白）为测试载体,在语言使用的场景中测试学生使用语音、语法、词汇知识的能力, 主要是考查考生对所听信息的正确理解能力和快速反应能力。听力测试要点包括：1）理解主旨和大意。2）获取事实性的具体信息,如时间、地点、人物等。3）简单推断谈话背景、

人物关系等。4）理解说话人的意图、观点或态度。一般来讲, 说话人总会有说话的意图,或提出

或回答问题,阐述自己的观点,表明自己的态度。有时,说话者的意图或观点被明确说出,有时则隐含在语篇的字里行间,需要我们去揣摩、推测。

2. 测试的形式和难度

高考英语听力测试约需20分钟左右,共20 个小题,计分30分。设问全部是特殊疑问句,几乎涵盖了所有的疑问类型,如：what , who, when, where, why, how, what time, how many,how much, how long, how old, how soon, how often 等,选项为“ 3 选1”。听力测试共分两节：第一节是听五段

简短对话,每段对话后仅有一个选择题,每段对话仅读一遍。主要考查考生对语音、数字（时间、日期、号码、价格等）、字母、句子结构及句意等的快速反应能力和理解能力。

第二节包括 5 段对话或独白，共15 小题，每段材料播放两遍。主要考查考生对较长对话或短文的整体理解和

把握能力，及对细节的归纳综合能力和判断推理能力等。

在听力部分的两节中，第一节的材料内容较少，难度较小；第二节内容较多，难度稍大。录音文字材料的难度略低于阅读材料，全部采用口语体。听力材料的读速接近于英美人的正常语速。2004 年的全国高考听力题与2000 年的相比较，2004 年的听力测试的语速明显加快，材料的长度也有所增加。这是一个值得引起我们注意的发展趋势。

3. 测试的话题和材料高考听力材料的选择非常重视语言的真实性原则，语言材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。

二、高考听力测试的应试技巧

1. 培养良好心态听力测试题不同于其它题型，不可能像其它书面题型一样遇到不明白的地方可以回过头来看前面的材料或停下来自由地思考一下。听力测试的做题速度是由命题人统一掌握的，录音材料瞬息即逝，无“回听”的机会或自由思考的余地。考生临场心态对听力成绩有着极大的影响。考生必须培养良好的心态。

1）消除紧张心理。听力测试时，要做到心情平静，心态放松，精力集中。如果感到测试前心情比较紧张，做几次深呼吸，可有效缓解紧张情绪。

2）克服急躁心理。有些同学在听力测试时，不是听材料大意，而是专注于听个别单词。有个别词没听懂，往往停下来去思索，随即产生急躁焦虑心理，头脑一片空白，等回过神来时，录音早已放完。因此要学会顾全大局，局部放弃而取整体，并借助“精神胜利法”给自已释压减负。

2. 学会预测话题考生可以根据每个小题的问题及选项的提示来预测和推测录音材料的内容。从而做到心中有数，提前做好心理准备，获得主动。

3. 合理分配注意力科学合理地分配注意力，可以有效地提高听力测试成绩。掌握下列技巧：1）学会听前抢读；2）学会边听边记；3）学会听关键词。

4. 拓宽背景知识背景知识也是影响听力效果的一个重要因素。因为语言是一种工具，是知识和文化的载体，所以听力材料必定涉及科普知识和社会文化知识。考生的百科知识越广博，越有助于对听力材料的理解。广泛地阅读和收集各种信息，不但有助于扩大知识面，也有益于听力成绩的提高。

5. 熟悉交际用语

听力考试中常出现Where does the conversation take place ?What is the man's profession?, 之类的问题，考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点、人物职业、人物关系等。熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词，这一点很重要。记住下面一些常用的场景用语。

餐馆（restaurant ）用语：menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup,dish, beer,

softdrink 等; 医院（hospital ）用语:take medicine, temperature, pill , headache, fever, blood

pressure 等; 宾馆( hotel )用语:luggage, single room, double room., room number 等; 邮局 (post office )用语: mail, deliver, stamp envelope, telegram 等; 机场( airport )用语:flight, take off, land, luggage 等; 车站( railway station )用语: round trip, single trip, sleeping car 等；商店(shop)用语：on sale, size, color, price,

change 等；学校(school )用语：professor, exam, course, dining hall, playground 等。

6. 科学判断推理听力测试对考生的判断推理能力提出了一定要求。要求考生把握整体内容，概括总结对话的主旨和大意；要求考生根据听力内容或背景效果，推测相关的具体内容，如：时间、地点、身份、人物关系等；要求考生在理解大意的基础上推测说话人的意图、观点和态度等。在判断推理的过程中要注意以下几个问题：1)防止以偏概全；2)防止断章取义；3)防止似是而非

了解高考听力测试特点有助于更好地复习备考，但关键还是要打好基础，强化训练，自觉运用听力应试技巧，诚如此，听力方能从容应对。

【典例分析】

【例1】理解主旨、要义( Know about the main idea ) 任何一段对话或独白总是围绕一个主旨或者一个中心展开的。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，须我们自己去归纳、概括。

M： I hope it'll be fine tomorrow. I'm going boating with Tom.

W： Oh, I think it will be fine.

M： Yes, I beard it on the radio.

What are the two speakers talking about ?

A. A fine boat.

B.Their friend, Tom.

C.The weather.

【例2】获取事实性的具体信息( Understand detailed factual information )

为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。这些信息是理解和把握对话主旨必不可少的内容，是听力考查的重点项目。

M： Well, I wondered why the office is still not open.

W： But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eitht.

At what time does the office open?

A.7：45

B. 8：15

C.8：00

【例3】对背景、说话者之间的关系能作出简单的推断

( Inferring the background and relationship between the speakers )

对话或独白发生的背景及说话者之间的关系对话语的含义有举足轻重的作用。对说话背景、说话者之间关系的理解程度，在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而是听力考查的重点项目。

常提的问题是：

What's the relationship between the speakers?

What can we learn from the dialogue?

M： Excuse me, Madam.

W： Yes?

M： Does this bus go to Zhongshan Road?

W: Yes, I think so.

M: You're welcome.

What is the relationship between the speakers?

A.They are friends.

B.They are strangers.

C.They are brother and sister.

【例4】理解说话者的意图、观点或态度

( Understand the speakers' intention, views and attitude )

一般说来，说话者总会有其意图，或提出问题，回答问题，或阐述自己的想法或意见。这里很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的句里行间，需听者去揣摩、推断。

What's the most probable result of the conversation?

What can we know about the man( woman)?

W: Can I help you?

M: Yes, I bought this radio two days ago, but I'm afraid it doesn't work. I'd like to change it for another one.

W: Oh, dear. Yes, of course. Have you got your receipt?

M: Yes, here it is.

W: Thank you. Just a moment, please.

What is the most probable result of the conversation?

A. The man got this radio repaired.

B. The man got a new receipt.

C. The man got a new radio.

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