高中英语状语从句精华知识点讲解

状语从句

一、从句讲解

状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。

（一）原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的常见连词或短语：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于……)。注意以下几点：

1. because, since, as, for, now that

because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so 连用。

since 引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。

as 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。

for虽然解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表示原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表示推测的理由。

now that意为“既然，由于”。表示由于人们已知的事实或正在发生的事而产生某个结果。

He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失败了。

Since everyone has come, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都来了，我们开会吧。

As all the seats were full, he stood there.

所有的座位都满了,他只好站那儿。

It might have rained last night for the ground is wet.

昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面是湿的。

Now that the kids have left home we have a lot of extra space.

由于孩子们离开了家，所以我们有了额外的空间。

（二）地点状语从句

地点状语从句常由下列连词引导：where, wherever等。

You may find him where his brother lives.

你可能会在他哥哥居住的地方找到他。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你可以去你想要去的任何地方。

Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome.

无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。

The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.

这个女孩无论去哪都带着她的布娃娃。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

（三）结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由下列连词引导：so ...that，such ...that，so that等。要注意以下几个问题:

1. 五种结构：

① so+adj./adv.+that ...

② such (a/an+adj.)+n.+that ...

③ so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that ...

④ so many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that ...

⑤ such+(adj.) +n. (u/pl.)+ that

He spoke so fast that I couldn t follow him.

他说的如此的快，我跟不上他。

It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.

今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。

2. so或such置于句首时，主句常用倒装。

It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.

＝Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.

今天天气如此的好，我们大家都去游泳了。

3.注意以上结构与定语从句so/such ...as的区别。

This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.

这是一部很有趣的电影以至于每个人都想去看。

（四）目的状语从句

目的状语从句由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。（注：so that也可用来引导结果状语从句）

so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。

so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。

in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。

We set out early so that we could see the sunrise.

我们很早出发以便能看到日出。

He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time.

他空邮这封信以便他们能及时收到。

（五）条件状语从句

条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般时态代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing (that), provided (that), given (that), in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。

1. unless=if not

You will fail unless you study hard.

除非你努力，否则你就要失败。

2. suppose, supposing, providing(that), provided(that), given(that)= if

Given that he supports us, we’ll win the election.

如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。

3.on condition that, as long as, so long as = only if

As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.

只要你不灰心，你就会成功。

4.as(so) far as ...

So far as I am concerned, I’m in favour of “mercy killing”.

就我个人而言，我支持安乐死。

（六）方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…,as if,as though引导。

1．as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：

Always do to the others as you would be done by.

你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish,so air is to man.

我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2. as if,as though

两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。

（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.

他那样子就像被雷击了似的。

（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，

例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。

（七）比较状语从句

1.常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)（比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。）

特殊引导词：the more…the more…;A is to B what/as X is to Y;no…more than;not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise,the healthier you will be.

Food is to men what oil is to machine.

食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

more...than...引导比较状语从句表示“比……多；比……更加……或与其说……倒不如说……”的意思。

例如：

①Many companies use computers more than they used to.

许多公司比过去更多地使用电脑。

②In some places bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.

在有些地方瓶装水比一杯啤酒还贵。

③Don’t be too hard on him.He’s more cheated than stupid.

别对他太苟刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。

二、状语从句的简化

（一）状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。

例：When(the museum is)completed,the museum will be open to the public next year.

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if(it is)possible

（二）另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：I’m taller than he(is tall).

The higher the temperature(is),the greater the pressure(is).

（三）就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

1.由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;

2. 由although,though,even if/though等引导的让步状语从句;

3. 由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;

4. 由as,as if等引导的方式状语从句;

5. 由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。

下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:

If(it is)possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.

如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless(it is)inconvenient to you.

除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。

When(the museum is)completed,the museum will be open to the public next year.

（四）简化结果

1.连词+形容词

When(they are)ripe,the grapes will be delicious.

当葡萄成熟之后，就会很好吃。

As(he was)young,he learned how to ride a bike.

他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

Whenever(she is)free,she often goes shopping.

她有空就去逛商店。

Work hard when(you are)young,or you'll regret.

少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。..连词+名词

While(he was)a young boy,he was always ready to help others.

他在孩提时代就乐于助人。

Although(he was)a farmer,now he is a famous director.

尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。

3．连词+副词

Once(you are)inside,begin to work.一进去，就开始工作。

She looked anxious as though(she was)in trouble.

她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。

He had mastered the English language before(he was)in the USA.

他到美国之前就懂英语了。

4、连词+介词短语

When（you are）in doubt(不肯定),please consult a dictionary(查字典).

5.连词+现在分词

As(she was)walking along the river bank,she was singing a pop song.

她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。

Look out for cars when(you are)crossing the street.过马路时要小心车。

6.连词+过去分词

Don’t come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你请不要进来。

He won't go there with us unless(he is)invited.

除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than(it was)expected.

这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

7.连词+不定式

He stood up as if(he were)to say something.

当时他站起来好像要说什么。

He cleared his throat as if(he wanted)to say something.

他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if(he were)to take charge.

即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:

When the meeting was over,all the people went out of the meeting-room.

当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over…)

练习：一、

1 .I got up early ______ I could catch the first bus.

A. so

B. because

C. so that

D. when

2. He was _____ excited _____ he could not speak.

A. such；that

B. so；that

C. too；to

D. not enough；to

3. He was late for school ________ he helped an old woman go home on his way to school.

A. so that

B. because

C. yet

D. but

4. My mother didn’t go to bed ______ father came back last night.

A. after

B. when

C. until

D. since

5._______ Mr. Smith didn’t feel well, he still come to give us lessons.

A. So

B. Because

C. Though

D. As

6.______ he is very young, _____ he knows much.

A. Although；but

B. Although；\

C. \ ；because

D. As；\

7. We were watching TV ______ we caught sight of a friend of ours .

A. as soon as

B. while

C. when

D. once

8. _______ reason you may give , you ought not to have left homework unfinished.

A. What

B. No matter

C. However

D. Whatever

9. I’ll lend you my car _______ you return it intact.

A. so far as

B. as long as

C. unless

D. until

10. It was _______ that they planned to have a picnic.

A. such fine weather

B. so fine a weather

C. such a fine weather as

D. such a fine weather

11. Smith has made _______ that we are all surprised .

A. such much progress

B. so fine a progress

C. such a great progress as

D. so much progress

12. _______I know , the computer can never take the place of the human brain.

A. As for

B. As long as

C. So far for

D. So /As far as

13. _______ you have got used to it , you’ll like it .

A. While

B. On the condition

C. Once

D. Unless

14. He always talks _______ he had been to outer space.

A. like

B. as if /though

C. because of

D. as

15. He was walking along the sands _______ he saw a big foot-print in the sand.

A. while

B. when

C. as

D. after

16. _______ he was sleeping, they stole his clothes.

A. While

B. When

C. As

D. Which

17. Jack was very tired _______ he played tennis all afternoon .

A. if

B. as soon as

C. because

D. before

18. ______ he finished his work, he left hurriedly.

A. As soon as

B. As if

C. Unless

D. In order that

19. You’ll surly make progress _______ you work with a strong will.

A. unless

B. until

C. as long as

D. as well as

20. I’ll leave him a note _______ he’ll know where we are.

A. so that

B. so as

C. in order

D. for

参考答案

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