自动化专业英语阅读
自动化专业英语阅读
一、专业英语概述
1、词汇特征
专业性强
Connet the pigtail with the dog-house. 将黑色的引出线接在高频电压电源屏蔽罩上
current 流行的/ 电流
power力量/动力/ 电力、功率、电能
plant植物/工厂
bus公共汽车/总线/母线
critical关键性的、批评的/临界的
组合和派生词多
(1)组合词
feedforward前馈
open-loop开环
bandwidth带宽
direct-digital-control直接数字控制
thermocouple热电偶
(2) 派生词
sub-critical亚临界的
super-critical超临界的
ultra-super-critical超超临界的
conduct conductor semiconductor
缩略词多
DAS (Date Acquisition System) 数据采集系统
CCS (Coordinated Control System 协调控制系统
FSSS (Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System) 炉膛安全监控系统
SCS (Sequence Control System) 顺序控制系统
MFT(Main Fuel Trip) 主燃料跳闸
AC(Alternating Current) 交流电
DC(Direct Current) 直流电
2. 语法、句法特征
* 科技文献概括事物发展的规律，陈述客观事实的存在，突出所述事实，因此多使用一般现在时和被动语态。
* 为了严密表达事物之间的逻辑和先后、主次关系，多使用带有介词短语、形容词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、同位语从句、定语从句或状语从句等修饰语的长句。
* 读* 译通过大量的阅读训练对英语专业资料进行正确的理解和翻译。在读和译的基础上，对听说写进行必要的训练。经过一定的专业英语训练，完成从基础英语到专业英语的过渡，学以致用。Lesson 1 Introduction to Control System
背景知识：
这是一篇关于专业课《自动控制原理》,《现代控制理论》的综述性文章。主要介绍控制的基本概念、起源、功能、控制系统的分类和术语、控制系统工程设计问题等内容。
1.经典控制理论(Classical Control Theory)的发展
1788年,James Watt将离心式调速器(centrifugal governor)与蒸汽机的阀门连接起来，构成蒸汽机转速的闭环自动调速系统. 由于第一次工业革命的需要,人们开始采用自动调节器(Regulator)或装置,使一些物理保持在给定值附近。
1868,年法国工程师J.法尔科发明反馈调节器(Feedback Controller),并把它与蒸汽阀连接起来,操作(steer)蒸
汽船的舵。1922年N.米诺尔斯基(Minorsky): 《关于船舶自动操舵的稳定性(stability)》微分方程(differential equation)时域方法(time domain) 1934年美国H.L. Hazen (黑曾)发表《关于伺服机构理论(Servo-mechanism)》论文Servo的语源出于拉丁语Servus(英语Slave;奴隶).因奴隶的功用是忠实地遵从主人的命令,从事劳作，具有这种功能的装置就称为伺服装置。1932年，H.Nyquist: 基于频率特性的稳定性1940年前后，H.W.Bode,N.B.Nichols 发展了经典控制理论的频域(frequency domain)分析法。1948年，W.R.Evans, 提出了由开环零、极点确定闭环极点的图解法，称为根轨迹方法(root locus)。
2.经典控制理论与现代控制理论经典控制的特征(1930年-1960年)
SISO(Single Input Single Output) system
LTI(Linear Time-Invariant) system
Transfer Function model
Frequency domain
现代控制(modern control)的特征(1960年-)
MIMO(multiple-input-multiple-output) system
Non-linear , time-varying system
State-space model
Time domain
3. 现代控制理论的最新发展
*最优控制(Optimal Control) *自适应控制(Adaptive Control) *自学习控制(Self-learning Control) *随机控制(Stochastic Control) *智能控制(Intelligent Control) *鲁棒控制(Robust Control)
4.
: mechanical manufacture automation
: industry automation
: power system automation
: aircraft control
: intelligent building
: intelligent transportation system
: bio-control
: ecology and environment control
: sociology and economics control
反馈控制(feedback control)--- 自动控制的基础
反馈(Feedback)是指将系统的实际输出和期望输出进行比较，形成误差，从而为确定下一步的控制行为提供依据。
难句翻译
* Feedback control is an operation which, in the presence of disturbances, tends to reduce the difference between the output of a system and the reference input (or anrbitrarily varied, desired
state) and which does so on the basis of this difference.
*反馈控制是当扰动出现时减小系统输出量与参考输入量(或任意变化的期望状态)之间偏差的操作，并且其工作原理是基于该偏差。
难句翻译
*A feedback control system is one which tends to maintain a prescribed relationship between the output and the reference input by comparing these and using the difference as a means of control.(后置定语多的特点)
*反馈控制系统的目的是通过比较来保持输出与参考输入之间的偏差为既定关系，并且
利用利一偏差作为控制的手段?
难句翻译
*An automatic regulating system is a feedback control system in which the reference input or the desired output is either constant or slowly varying with time and in which the primary task is to maintain the
大学英语阅读训练五篇
Passage 1 There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to. 1.Open education allows the students to ____. A.grow as the educated B.be responsible for their future C.develop their own interests D.discover subjects outside class 2. Open education may be a good idea for the students who ____. A.enjoy learning B.worry about grades C.do well in a traditional classroom D.are responsible for what they do in life 3. Some students will do little in an open classroom because ____. A.there are too few rules B.they hate activities C.open education is similar to the traditional education D.they worry about the rules 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?____ A.Some traditional teachers do not like it.
《分析化学》专业英语阅读材料03
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(完整版)电力专业英语阅读与翻译部分课后长句
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英语阅读材料
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大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(十三)
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小学英语阅读理解的常见题型设置及解题技巧 在小学阶段，阅读理解题型灵活多样，但主要有以下题型： 一、读一读，然后选一选。 这种题型的特点是在短文后给出若十个不完整的句子或若干个根据短文内容提出的问题，针对每一题都提供三到四个备选的答案，要求同学们在正确理解短文内容的基础上，从选项中选出一个正确的答案。这类试题的问题一般是紧扣短文内容编排的，既会涉及文章中的细节内容，如文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等；也会涉及文章中某个词或某个句子的含义以及文章的主旨、大意和标题等。 The big day comes at last! Mrs Jones' third grade students are waiting quietly for her to come into the classroom. Today Amy brings some cakes, Joy brings some napkins, Carlos brings some soda water and Kate brings some cups. Everyone wants the party to he a surprise. Mrs Jones doesn't know the children have known today is her birthday. When she comes into the classroom, the children shout,“Happy birthday, Mrs Jones!”And then the children get a surprise,too. Mrs Jones brings everyone a party hat and an ice cream! 阅读短文，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. Mrs Jones' grade students are waiting for her. A. three B.third C.No.3 D.the third ( )2. Carlos brings some _____ ． A. cola B.napkins C.soda water D.cups ( )3．_____ brings some cakes. A. Amy B.Carlos C.Joey D.Kate 分析 题1短文的第二句话告诉我们是琼斯老师的三年级的学生们正静静地等候她的到来。在年级前面应该用序数词来表示，如果是在年级后面就应该用基数词表示。如：the third grade,=Grade Three.同时因为前面有定语Mrs Jones'，所以这里也应该不要the。 题2.3 短文介绍了几个同学分别带了一些东西。卡洛斯带了soda water （汽水），艾米带了蛋糕。 正确答案：1.B 2.C 3. A 二、读一读，然后判断句子正误。 该题型的特点是在短文后给出若干个句子，要求同学们根据短文内容，判断所给的句子意思是否与原文相符。做这类题应该联系短文内容进行发挥，主要是考查对意思相近或相反的几个句子进行鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、句子结构来测试同种意思的不同表达。 There are some public numbers. Do you know when to use these numbers? 110 is a number for calling policeman when you have meet some illegal things. 119 is a number using for a fire accident.
成都理工大学大学英语四阅读材料精简答案
Passage 1 Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. 1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that___. A) every glance has its significance 2. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is___. B) to avoid eye contact with other passengers 3. By "a dimming of the lights" (Line 13,Para.1 )Erving Goffman means___. C) ceasing to glance at others 4. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel___. B) uneasy 5. The passage mainly discusses___. D) the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication. Passage 2 Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. But I’m not just in the business of making people cry. I’m in the business of chang e.” 6. Geraldo Rivera is working as a(n)______. B. investigative reporter for a special TV program 7. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work? D. Five 8. Rivera’s inves tigation and expose on the conditions at WillowbrookStateSchool led to _____. D. all of the above
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性