中考英语语法复习代词

代词

（1）人称代词的用法

人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本结构

人称代词在句于中作主语时用主格，作动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。例如:应谈说between you and me,而不是between you and I。

● 人称代词在句子中作表语时，口语中常用宾格来代替主格。

例如:一Who's that?一-It's me.

● 如果主语是并列的几个人，要将人称代词you放在最前面，I 放在最后面。

例如:You, he and I are all from Bejing.

● it可用来指动物、无生命的东西或者指上文已提到的或下文将要提到的事物，也可以指自然现象、时间、距离、温度等。例如:

The horse is a useful animal. I like it very much. It's rather cold today, isn't it?

[注]“it” 还是可用作引导词, 在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语或宾语。

例如:It is not easy to learn English well.(it 在句中作形式主语)

it”可用在强调结构中，强调句子的某一成分。

● 形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词:名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语。

例如: This pen is hers，mine is in my office. Can I use yours?

● 反身代词不能单独用作主语，也不能用作定语，但可以用来强调名词或代词，作名词或代词的同位语，有“亲自”的意思。例如:

I always have to do everything myself.

● 反身代词可用作动词或介词的宾语。当主语和宾语指的是同一人和物时，宾语应用反身代词而不用宾格人称代词。例如:

Her brother is too young to look after himself.

(2)指示代词

指示代词有this, these that, those, such和same它们通常在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

● this(these)往往指下面要讲的东西，面that(those)则常指前面已经讲述过的。例如:

This is what I mean- you should go at once. His bike was broken. That's why he was late.

●为了避免重复，常用that, those分别代替前面提到的单数名词或复数名词。例如:The weather in Guangzhou is better than that ( = the weather) in Wuhan. The apples on the table are larger than those ( = the apples) in the basket.

●such常用于“such +a/an+单数可数名词”或"such+复数名词”结构。

例如:How could she think of such an idea?

They were such beautiful flowers that everybody liked them.

●same往往和前置的定冠词the连用。例如:They came on the same day.

(3)相互代词

相互代词有each other和one another,都表示两者或者两者以上之间的相互关系或行为。在句中多作宾语。例如:

The two scientits shook hands with one another.We didn't even know each other's names.

(4)疑问代词

疑同代词有who，whom whose . what, which.一般用于句首，在句中作主语、宾语、等，引导特殊疑问句。

●疑问代词作主语时，通常使用陈述语序，谓语动词往往用单数形式。

例如: Who teaches you English?

如果疑问代词作主语时前面有介词，只能用whom。口进中可用who代替whom

例如：Who( m) did you give the letter to?

To whom did you give the letter?

Whose是who的所有格形式，可用作定语，成可修饰指人的的名词，也可修饰指物的名词。例如：

Whose daughter is this little girl?

Whose dictionary is this?

(5)连接代词

所有疑问代词都可以作连接代词。连接代词起着将从句和主句连接起来的作用，同时它又是从句的一个句子成分。

例如：We really didn’t know what he wanted.(我们相信那就是他所要的东西。)

[注] 有时在所引导的从句中不含疑问的意思，这样用法的what 等于the thing(s) which，常译为“所.....的. (东西)。”

例如：We believe that was what he wanted.

6)关系代词

关系代词有who，whom, whose, which, that等，用以引导定语从句。

关系代词引导的定语从句主要用以修饰名词或代词，被修饰的词被称为关系代词的先行词。由于关系代词在从句中代表它的先行词，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，因此，当关系代词在从句中充当主语时，应依靠先行词来决定从句中的谓语动词的形式。

例如：The teachers who are talking with Li Ming’s parents are very friendly.

● 用作定语的关系代词whose的先行词既可以是人，又可以是物从句中代表它的先行系代词

The girl whose handwriting in is the best is our monitor.

The room whose window faces south is my brother's.

(7) 不定代词

不定代词兼有名词利形容词的功用，在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。英语中有下面这些不定代词: some (something, somebody, someone), any ( anything, anybody, anyone), no(nothing, nobody , no one)each, much, many, (a)little, (a)few, other(s), another, all, none, both, either, neither, one等。下面是不定代词的一些主要用法:

● something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody 等复合不定代词通常与单数动词连用。它们都有所有格形式，修饰这些词的形容词要后置。例如:

-- Has anybody left?

-- No. Everybody is enjoying themselves. Have you got anything else to do? I have something important to tell you.

● 一般来说Some用于肯定句、疑问句或条件句。

例如: Some of books are very useful. If you have any need, you may take them.

“Do you want any picture books?" No, I don't want any.”

另外，如果希望得到肯定回答，或表示请求、建议的口气时，some可以用于疑问句；而any 表示“无论什么” 时，可以用于肯定句。例如:

Didn’t you give them some help?（说话人认为已经给了他们帮忙）

Will you buy me some apple?" (表示请求)

You may come any day you like. (无论哪天)

● both, either, neither用于两个人或者物。both指“两者都”; either 指“两者中的任意个”; neither 指“两者中没有一个”(全否定)。例如:

Both sides of the street are lined with trees.

Either side of the street is lined with trees.

There's tea or coffee-- you can have either.

“Would you like tea or coffee?" “Neither, thanks. ”

● all, any和none用于三个或三个以上的人或物，all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物都”: any 只能作定语，指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”: none指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个”(全否定)。

His classmates are all from Shanghai.

“Which of these books may I borrow?” “Oh, any.” (书至少在三本以上)

None of these letters have been answered. ( none = not any)

● much (很多)，little表示否定(很少;少得几乎没有)，a litte (一些)用以代替或修饰不可数名词: many (很多)，few表示否定(很少几个，没有多少)，a few (少数几个)用以代替或修饰可数名词。例如:

I paid little attention to what the others were saying. ( 我对别人说什么不在意。)

I am afraid I know few words of French. (对不起，我认识的法语单词很少。)

Quite a few (people) went to see the film. (相当多的人都去看了那部电影。)

I'm sorry I haven't given you much help. (much 主要用于否定句和疑问句)

● another表示不定数目中的“另一个，类似的一个”: other 表示“另一个，其他的”，the other 表示“两个中的另一个人或物”。the others 表示“其余的大或物”。others 泛指“其他的人(物)”时，不加定冠词the,例如:

I don't like this one. Can you show me another (one)? I don't like these. Can you show me any others? The little boy had a book in one hand, and a ball in the other.

These glasses got broken but some of the others are all right.

Be good to others.

● each (每一个，各个)和every (每个)在用法上有所不同。each 着重于同类东西的个别性，every 着重于同类东西的共同性。every 只用作定语;而each可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如:

Each of the teachers has a computer. (每位教师)

Every student should write a report. ( 所有的学生)

The teacher gave the students a red pen each. ( each 用作同位语)

● one可以指人，也可以指物;泛指“人们”(包括“你”和“我”)时，所有格是one's,还可构成反身代词oneself. 例如:

No one failed in the exam.

There are two bags here; which one is yours?

One must do one's duty. (一个人必须尽自己的责任、)

人称代词表格

数与人称类别

人称代词物主代词

反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性

单数第一人称I me my mine myself 第二人称you you your yours yourself 第三人称he him his his himself she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

复数

第一人称we us our ours ourselves 第二人称you you your yours yourselves 第三人称they them their theirs themselves

小试牛刀

( 1 )

The British Royal Family lives 1 lives in the public eye s, but there’s one thing about 2

that not many

people know: their last name.That’s simply because,in general, 3 don’t need a last name.Th ey’re so famous

that they’re easily known. However the British Royal Family does have a last name--Mountbatten -Windsor.

1. A. their B. them C. they D. themselves

2. A. their B. them C. themselves D. they

3. A. themselves B. them C. their D. they

( 2 )

Hello,everyone.I’m Li Hua. 1 nice to speak about what we can do for the environment a nd I think each

of us can do a little bit to help with 2 problem. We study in the bright classroom.But someti mes we don’t

turn off the lights when class is over.So I suggest that the student 3 leaves the classroom la st should turn

off each light to save electricity.

1. A. It’s B. Its C. It D. I’m

2. A. that B. this C. these D. those

3. A. which B. when C. who D. Whom

( 3 )

We should obey the traffic rules. It is dangerous to ride a bike with one hand holding the umbrella with 1 . All of us should learn to look after 2 . And we can’t play with 3 in the street.

1. A. other B. the other C. another D. others

2. A. our B. us C. themselves D. ourselves

3. A. each B. another C.one another D. him

语法选择

If your home is like most others,you’ve probably got1 recycling bin(分类回收桶)in your house. That is the2step to recycling.But there are other things that 3parents and kid

s can do to make recycling work

better.

First, what kinds of rubbish bins are there in your house?You’ve probably just got one rubbis h bin where everything 4.But it’s a good idea to place different bins for different paper.Fo

r example,you can place a much 5recycling bin in the kitchen for food rubbish.You can

6put a small recycling bin in the bathroom for

any useless paper there.

Before you throw something into the recycling bin,stop and think if you can use7 again. Take plastics with yoghurt(酸奶)for example.After8what’s in them,you can clean the

m and store them in a cupboard,and

later you can use them for storing other food.

You can do the same with the glass bottles,too.You can also share your recycling 9wit

h your neighbors.

If you decide to put something in the recycling bin,it’s very important to follow this method.1

0 it has food

or drink in it,you must clean it before you put it in the recycling bin. It can’t be recycled with fo od still in it.You

should place it11 the running water for12 seconds to clean it. This saves time for the wo rkers in the

recycling center. Then they can spend their time13 more important work.

The last thing to remember is--don’t give up!14 is a whole life task and you mustn’t just d o recycling for a month and then return to your old habits.You can also continue to find15wa

ys to recycle.So make recycling

your new habit.

1. A. an B. a C. / D. the

2. A. one B. last C. first D. second

3. A. both B. all C. none D. neither

4. A. goes B. go C. went D. going

5. A. large B. big C. small D. larger

6. A. too B. also C. either D. as well

7. A. them B. its C. it D. they

8. A. eating B. eat C. to eat D. ate

9. A. advices B. advise C. advice D. advises

10. A. Though B. Whether C. So D. If

11.A. under B. on C. into D. by

12.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

13. A. do B. doing C. to do D. done

14. A. Recycle B. Recycled C. Recycling D. To recycle

15. A. the other B. other C. another D. others

完成句子

1.她不但会说英语，还会说法语。

She can speak ______ English ______ French.

2.迈克已经能够自己上学了。

Mike is old enough to go to school ______ ______ ______.

3.广州非常美，你可以看到街道的两边有许多花。

Guangzhou is so beautiful. You can see many flowers _____ _____ _____ _____ the street.

4.我有两个妹妹，一个是十岁，另一个是十二岁。

I have two sisters. _______ is ten and _______ ________ is twelve.

5.处理这样一个问题不容易。

______ not ______ ______ solve such a problem.

6.这是多么难的一个问题，我不能回答它。

_______ _______ difficult question is! I can’t answer it.

7.这个窗户是他们自己清洗干净的。

The window_______ ________ by ______.