英语句子成分划分

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括:主语,谓语,表语,宾语(直接和间接宾语) ,宾语补足语,定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语) ,表语,宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分. ▲句子成分分类句子成分分类 1.主语主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的"是什么"或"是谁".一般由名词,代词,不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如: 讲述"谁" We work in a big factory. 讲述"什么" The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor's job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 三个人就够了▲在"There be …"句型中,主语的位置在中间.如: There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it 作形式主语.如: It is very interesting to play the game called "treat or trick". It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语. 谓语时用来说明主语"做什么""是什么"或"怎么样" , ,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在"人称"和"数"两方面必须一致.如: He is very generous. -1- She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语. 表语说明主语"是什么

"或"怎么样" ,由名词,形容词,介词,副词,不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.

4.宾语. ▲宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,不定式,或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语. 如: 名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语He often helps me. 不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air. -2-动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China. 从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time. ▲直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如: We brought them some food. 主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或for.

5.宾语的补足语. 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把"宾语+宾语补足语"合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词,动词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词,过去分词都

可以作宾语补足语.如: 名词作宾补If you let me go, I'll make you king. 形容词作宾补Don't make your hands dirty. 副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home. 省略to 的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building. 带to 的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day. -3-过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken. 在英语中,常见的"宾语+宾语补足语" 结构有: 在英语中常见的"宾语+宾语补足语"的结构有: 常见的▲"宾语+名词" .常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave 等. We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. ▲"宾语+形容词" .常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want 等.如: Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We can't leave him alone. Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday? ▲"宾语+副词" .副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere 等.如: Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home. When got there, we found him out. ▲"宾语+介词短语" .介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系.如: We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain. ▲"宾语+不定式" .充当宾补的不定式有三种: A 要求带to 的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式let, make, see,

hear, watch 等The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加to 或不加to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework. -4-▲"宾语+现在分词" .现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系. I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary singing in the classroom. ▲"宾语+过去分词" .宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成. I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood. ▲形式宾语+形容词We found it impossible to get there before Saturday. ▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today. The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago. 6.定语. ▲定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语.因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语,表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词,代词的地方都可以有定语.如: 形容词作定语The black bike is mine. 代词作定语What's your name? 名词作定语名词作定语They made some paper flowers. 介词短语作定语The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One. 不定式作短语I have lots to eat and drink. 从句作定语The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. ▲在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面, -5-故称"后置定语" . ▲修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody,

nobody 的定语必须后置.如: We'll go to have something English. If you don't know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me? ▲介词短语作定语时要后置.如: Do you know the boy behind the tree? The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right. ▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring. to 如果注动词不定式作主语时, 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语. 时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的. Do you have any piece of music to listen to? ▲nearby, below, downstairs 等个别方位词作定语时要后置.如: We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below? The people downstairs are listening to a talk now? They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once. 7.状语. 状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度等,一般由副词,介词短语,不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当.状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首,句中.如: He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn't work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.

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句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同

的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语

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划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习

划分句子成分练习练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an

international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案

英语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语：句子的主体 Students study English. Smoking is bad for health. What he has said is true. 从句做主语（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真正主语）（主语从句）练习：划出句中主语 The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. 谓语：动词或者动词词组 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Students study English

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 练习：选出下列句子中的谓语 I don't like the picture on the wall. I usually go to school by bus. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. What I want to tell you is this. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in music. He can speak English well. 表语：系动词后面的成分名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher. 形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are in the park. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语（表语从句）That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 系动词： (1) 状态: be 动词 (2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.

英语句子成分划分详解

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1．主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么” The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough.三个人就够了不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语 What we need is food.我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.

It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”， 3 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 4．宾语 ▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起

英语语法——英语句子成分分析

英语语法——英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be 动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。）这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语

英语句子成分划分

一、句子成分的定义句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分，包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的，只不过是结构套结构。二、句子成分划分的种类句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。 1.词的划分：如：1）Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower. 主谓定定宾 2）What I said is that you are kind. 主从系表从从句再分: what I said 宾主谓 that you are kind 连接词主系表

一般来说，根据词性来划分词在句子中充当的成分是比较容易的，如：名词可以在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语等。动词只能表示谓语的各种形式；形容词多作定语和表语，用来描述人或事物的性质、特征、状态等等。 2.短语划分：划分词组在句子中充当的成分较词稍难，因为词组在句子中的位置不确定，单个词作定语的时候，一般放在所修饰词的前面，如cle ar water,而短语作定语时位置正相反，一定要放到所修饰词的后面作后置定语，如the boy under the tree ( 树下的男孩)，其中非谓语动词短语作定语，其本身又表示一定的意义：如：doing sth. 表示主动，进行的意思。 dong 表示被动完成的意思。 to do 放于句首表目的，作定语表示将来。例：1）With the workers working in the factory, I paid a visit to it. 2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play. 3) To be energetic tomorrow, I’ll go to bed earlier tonigh t. 4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will have a hard time. 句子1）中 working表示主动意义，其逻辑主语是workers，同时，根据句子的意思也表示进行的意义；句子2）中根据句意我们应

英语句子成分的划分及练习

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(完整版)英语句子成分划分练习题

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