什么是复合宾语结构

什么是复合宾语结构

在英语中我们常常把宾语以及宾语补足语称为复合宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系，能作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式，介词短语。例如：

His speech made us laugh（不定式）

When she woke up, she found herself in hospital.（介词短语）

Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（现在分词）

I want the house painted white.（过去分词）

Don’t keep the lights on all the night.（副词）

We consider him one of our best friends.（名词）

We found the movie wonderful.（形容词）

能够接复合宾语的动词可以分为三类：1）感官类：see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel 等。2）意识类：believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等。3）使动类：keep, leave, make, have, let 等。现分别说明如下：

一、宾语/代宾+名词:常用于该结构的动词有: call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave 等。例如:

1. We call him Jack. (我们叫他杰克)

2. They made him their monitor. (他们选他当班长)

二、宾语/代宾+形容词:常见的动词有: think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。例如:

1. Do you think his idea wrong? (你认为他的意见错了吗?)

2. We must keep our classroom clean. (我们必须保持教室清洁。)

三、宾语/代宾+副词: 副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常

见的副词有: down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。例如:

1. Let him in (out) . 让他进来(出去)。

2. Mr. Li drove us home. 李先生开车送我们回家。

3. Have you seen him anywhere? 你有没有在什么地方见过他?

四、宾语+介短: 介短作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,有主表关系。例如:

1. We found everything in good order. 我们发现一切井然有序。

2. I’ll leave a message on his desk.我将留个条子在他桌上。

3. We have him as our good friend. 我们把他视为好朋友。

五、宾语+不定式: 充当宾补的不定式有三种。

1. 要求带to的不定式作宾补的动词有: ask , tell , like , want , know , invite等。例如:

A: We invited him to come to our school. 我们邀请他来我们学校。

B: He asked me to help him. 他要我去帮助他。

2. 要求不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有: see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, let, make, have等,这些词称为“感觉动词和使役动词”。例如:

A: I often hear him read English in his room. 我常听见他在房间里读英语。

B: Xiao Ming made the little boy laugh. 小明使得那个男孩笑了起来。

3. 动词help后作宾补的不定式,带不带to都可以。

She sometimes helps her mother (to) wash clothes. 她有时帮她妈妈洗衣服。

六、宾语+现在分词: 现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为该分词逻辑上的主语。常带现在分词作宾补的动词是“感觉动词”和表示“致使”意义的动词。感觉动词后接不带to

的不定式作宾补时,表示不定式的动作发生了,一般指事情的全过程;现在分词作宾补则表示

动作正在进行。例如:

1. I saw them playing football. 我看见他们正在踢足球。

2. The news made him cry. 这消息使他哭了。

七、宾语+过去分词:该结构中的宾语即为该过去分词逻辑上的宾语。例如:

1. I had my bike stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

2. I saw the ground covered with snow. 我看到地上覆盖着雪。

注: A: 使役动词have, make的宾语后接过分为宾补时表示被动,接动原形则表示主动。

例如:

1. I’ll have my watch mended. 我要去把手表修理一下。(请别人修不是自己修)

2. I’ll have him mend my bike. 我要他给我修理一下自行车.(H和M间为主动关系)

B: get , want , wish的宾语后接过分为宾补时为被动关系;接带to的不定式时为主动关系。

例如:

1. I want (wish) you to finish it by Thursday. 我要你在星期四前完成它。

2. I want it finished by Thursday. 我要此事在星期四前完成。

C: 感官动词see , hear , watch等的宾语后接过分为被动,接动词原形或现分词时为主动。

例如:

1．I saw him beating (beat) the boy. 我看见他在打那个男孩。

2．I saw the boy beaten by him.

我看见那个男孩被他打了。

八、形式宾语+形容词:

We found it impossible to get there before Sunday. 我们发现在星期天前到达那儿是不可

能的。(it为形式宾语,to get there ……为动词不定式作实际宾语,impossible为宾补。)

九、宾语+what从句:

1. Call me what you like. 你愿意叫我什么就叫什么。(从句what you like 为宾语me的

补语。)

2. Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today. 李先生使这个工厂成为现在的样子。

十、注意事项：

①作宾语补足语的名词是表示独一无二的职位或头衔时,名词前不用任何限定词。例句：We all made him chairman of the meeting.

②注意现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语时所表达意义的不同。

③一些使役动词make, have, let；感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel 等其后跟动词不定式作宾补时必须省略其不定式符号“to”,但如果把该句改为被动语态，则必须添加上不定式符号“to”。

A computer does only what thinking people have it do.

Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.

④在复合宾语中作宾语的如果是动词不定式或从句时,则必须用形式宾语it构成句型“make/find/think/feel等+it +adj/n+（for sb）to do/that从句”。

He made it a rule to get up at six o’clock in the morning and do morning exercise.

I don’t think it likely that they will accept our terms.