复合宾语归纳

复合宾语归纳

复合宾语－－及物动词之后的复

合宾语

结构：复合宾语是由宾语+宾语补足语所构成。

位置：位于及物动词和介词(with, without, like)之后。

可以作宾语补足语的一般有

名词、形容词、副词、介词

短语、现在分词（短语）、

过去分词（短语）和动词不

定式（短语）。

关系：宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主语和表语关系，

语和谓语关系。

一、逻辑上的主语和表语关系例如：

1. We call him Mr. Wang. 我们喊他王先生。（名词）

(He is Mr. Wang.)

They made me monitor. 他们选我当班长。（名词）

(I am monitor.)

2. We will build our school more beautiful.

我们要把我们的学校建设得更美丽。（形容词）

(Our school will be more

beautiful.)

His not passing the exam made his mother angry.

他没有考及格使他母亲非常生气。（形容词）

(His mother was angry.)

3. Who took my bag away by mistake?

是谁误拿我的书包了？（副词）(My bag was away.)

Please let him out.

请让他出去。（副词）

(He will be out.)

4. After class, Mr. Li kept her in the classroom.

下课以后，李老师把他留在教室里。（介词短语）

(She was in the classroom.)

二、逻辑的主语和谓语关系例如：

5. Why did you keep me waiting for a year?

你为什么让我等了一年？（现在分词短语）

(I was waiting for a year.) Can you hear Mary singing English songs in the next room? 你能听见玛丽在隔壁唱歌吗？（现在分词短语）

(Mary was singing in the next room.)

6. When you speak, you should make yourselves understood. 你说话的时候要让人明白。（过去分词）

(….you are understood by your listeners.)

I saw Tom beaten black and blue all over.

我看见汤姆浑身被打得清一块紫

一块。（过去分词短语）

(….Tom was beaten black and blue all over by somebody.) 7. Mr. Cheng told us to study harder than before.

程老师叫我们比以前更加努力学习。

(…we study harder than before.)

I noticed her go out just now. 我刚才注意到她出去了。

(…she went out just now.)

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主＋谓＋宾＋宾补（复合宾语）

例如：

The boy wished his fat her to buy a bike主

谓宾宾补for him.

1)a)带to的不定式作宾补；

例如：

She asked me to call h im again.

很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补.常见的这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would like，like，hate 等。

注：hope后不能接复合宾语。

b)不带to的不定式作宾补；

例如：

We often hear the girl sing the song.

能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、和使役动词如listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe, feel，notice，let，make，have.

注：

①如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然带to.

eg.The girl is often heard to sing the song.

②help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.

2)分词作宾补；

例如：

He heard somebody knoc king on the

window.

现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表

词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel, find，和make, get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。

注：在感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语。现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，如例a；

用不定式表示动作已发生了，即动作的全部过程已结束，如例b

如：

a.He saw a girl gettin g on the bus.(意为上车的动作正在进行。)

b.He saw a girl get on the bus.(意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。) 3)名词作宾补；

例如：

We must keep it a secr et.

这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等。

eg.we call him John. 4)形容词作宾补。

例如：

You should keep the ro om clean.

常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，

leave等。

注：4)，5)类复合宾语中有时宾语不是一个名词或代词，而是一个从句、不定式或动名词，这时通常要用一个it来代替它(即形式宾语)，则把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。

例如：

①

They found it strange that no one would take the money.

②

You will feel it a gre at pleasure talking to her.

5.介词作宾补.

I thought him in the room.

Exercise

选择填空

1. The teacher asked the boys _______make so much noise.

A. don’t

B. not

C. will not

D. not to

2. I’m going to have my watch_______ this afternoon.

A. fixed

B. to fix

C. fix

D. fixing

3. Who do you often have ______ the work for you?

A. to do

B. do

C. done

D. doing

4. John was last seen

______ near the river. A. to be playing B. play C. to play D. playing

5. Mr. Cheng managed to make himself ______ in a loud enough voice.

A. hear

B. hearing

C. heard

D. be heard

复合宾语－－介词with, without, like 的复合宾语

“with/without/like + 宾语 + 宾补”其中的介词(with, without, like)已经失去本来的意义，这种结构，在句子中通常作状语，表示条件、原因、时间、方式和伴随等，有时也可以作定语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主语和表语关系、主语和谓语关系。

一、 with + “复合结构”作状语

例如：

1. Wu Song fought the tiger, with a stick his only weapon.

武松打虎，手中只有一根棍子作为武器。

(with+名词+名词，表示行为方式)

2. The boys were made a snowman, with hands red with cold. 孩子们堆雪人，手都冻红了。(with+名词+形容词短语，表示伴随情况)

3. With my wife away, I had to cook myself.

因为夫人不在家我得亲自做饭。(with +名词+副词，表示原因)

4. The soldiers are on guard, with guns in their hands.

士兵们持枪站岗。(with +名词+介词短语，表示伴随情况)

5. The soldier rode on, with blood flowing from his right side.士兵骑马继续跑着，鲜血从右肋流了下来。(with +名词+现在分词，表示伴随情况)

6. The old man lay on the ground, with his hands clenched.

老人躺在地上，拳头紧握。(with +名词+过去分词，表示伴随情况)

7. With such good teachers to teach

us, we will feel safe.

有这样的好老师教我们，我们就放心了。(with +名词+不定式短语，表示条件) 8. With the meeting over, we all went home.

会议结束了，我都回家了。(with +名词+副词，表示时间)

9. The war was over, without a shot being fired.

一枪没打战争就结束了。(with +名词+现在分词，表示结果)

10. The tree stands at the gate, like

a miss welcoming guests. 那棵树站在门口像一位小姐欢迎客人。(with + 名词+现在分词短语，表示行为方式)

二、with/without+复合结构作定语

11. The woman with a baby in her arms is Tom’s mother.

那位怀抱婴儿的妇女是汤姆的母亲。(with +名词+介词短语，作定语)

12. The boy without a hat on hid head is my brother.

头上没戴帽子的男孩是我弟弟。（without +名词+介词短语，作定语)

--------------------------------- Exercise

仿照上面的例子翻译下面的句子。

1．凶手带进来了，手背绑着。

2．有那位老人带路，他们毫不费力就找到了我的家。

3．那小孩独自坐在那儿，双眼紧闭。4．我们经常开着窗户睡觉。

5．灯还亮着，屋里一定有人。

6．程老师手里拿着一包走了进来。7．一丝无挂的那个人是个傻子。

Key:

1.The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind.

2.With the old man leading them, they had no difficulty in finding my house.

3.The child sat there with his eyes closed.

4.We often sleep with the windows open.

5.With the light on, there must be persons in the room.

6.Mr Cheng came in with a bag in his hand.

7.The man with nothing on is a fool.