2014年1月12日托福考试写作机经

上海环球教育

今天，环球教育为大家整理的2014年1月12日托福考试写作机经，供大家参考使用，希望对大家有所帮助哦！

Writing Section

Task 1 Integrated Writing

Recaps

本次托福综合写作部分，围绕着Traffic主题展开，话题关键词为lowering the road speed。听力材料和阅读材料依旧遵循了驳斥与被驳斥的论述套路，论据与例证清晰，对等关系明确，两篇材料整体上没有给考生搭建文章架构造成明显干扰，难度处于intermediate level。

About Reading Material

篇章回忆

主要观点 : benefits of lowering road speed limitation

分论点 1：reduce serious accidents

分论点 2：relieve environmental problems (air pollution / vehicle exhaust emission) 分论点 3：bring economical consequences (a low speed equals a lower fuel cost)

小贴士

考生在读完阅读材料，开始听力笔记之前，非常重要的一个步骤是对已提炼出的要点，按照考试规律性套路进行预测及拓展。换言之，在该部分写作任务中，ETS基本上已经摈弃听力材料正面支持和补充论证阅读材料的出题思路。按照这一规律，考生可以按照综合写作的“一一对应，三三驳斥”原则对每一个要点进行头脑风暴，力求在有限的时间内，为更准确有效的抓取听力材料的关键论点，做好系统详尽的笔记做准备。

在对即将到来的听力材料进行预测的头脑风暴时，考生应注意几个关键原则：

1. 听力材料不会仅仅进行观点驳斥，一定会在理论驳斥后予以解释说明，也就是官方评分标准所提及的“explain the related additional information”;

2. 听力材料所提出的观点，一定是有正面展开的论证信息所支持，即遵循“欲扬先抑肯定阅读材料事实 - 驳斥阅读理论观点–解释说明阅读观点不合理性–判断分析给出新观点”的思路；

要点分析

ü主要观点：在阅读材料的thesis statement中，明确的给出了整个综合部分的题眼“Benefits”。因此，考生可以很清晰明确的断定在听力材料中，教授会阐述类似于“will not bring such benefits”的相反观点；

ü分论点1：该论点的驳斥重点在于reduce，按照前面提到驳斥的基本逻辑，听力材料可能从两种不同角度进行驳斥：1）在事实上并未减少事故（注意：听力材料不会通过直接给出反义词的形式进行驳斥，因为这违背了学术型议论文的正面驳斥思路，即不会去论证increase the serious accidents这一观点）；2）交通事故的确减少，但是主要原因并非是lowering the speed limitation；

ü分论点2：该论点的驳斥重点在于relieve，听力材料可能驳斥的思路依旧为两条：1）事实上环境问题并未减轻污染问题；2）污染的确有所减少，但是未必达到阅读材料中所提及的relieve的程度；

ü分论点3：该论点的驳斥重点在于economic，和以上两点一样，我们依旧可以大胆进行两种预测：1）提高限速标准，实际上并未降低交通成本；2）提高了限速标准，虽然可以降低成本，但是会带来新的问题；

About Listening Material

篇章回忆

ü主要观点 : lowering road speed is not as beneficial as stated in the reading material

ü分论点 1：serious accidents have already been reduced before the action, and lowering the road speed is only a continuation. The road design plays the major role；ü分论点 2：There is no significant effect in terms of the relieving of environmental problems after practicing lowering the road speed, which contributes little to reducing the vehicle exhaust emission；

ü分论点 3：Lowering the speed would prolong the time a truck driver spent on the way, which in turn increases the transportation cost in general；

要点分析

听力材料的三个分论点，与阅读材料的三个要点顺序对应，如果在第一阶段的阅读材料浏览过程中，考生能够按照所分享的思路做好要点记录，并进行头脑风暴对听力材料进行预测，则会很轻松的抓住听力材料的重点，行文的整体结构也会清晰明了。

About Writing

参考结构

ü第一段：阅读部分的主观点，听力部分的主观点，以及两者之间的关系；

ü第二段：阅读部分的分论点1，听力部分对应的分论点，听力部分里面相对应的support 和details；

ü第三段：阅读部分的分论点2，听力部分对应的分论点，听力部分里面相对应的support 和details；

ü第四段：阅读部分的分论点3，听力部分对应的分论点，听力部分里面相对应的support 和details；

注意：在综合写作中，没有必要在文章中出现阅读部分的support 和details，或者说所有的support和details应该均来自于听力材料；

ü听力部分表达方法：the lecture, the professors says that …..

ü表示同意: say, argue, claim, opinion, hold the view that, figure, deem, believe, reckon , consider, opinion, proposition……

ü表示反对：on contrary, by contrast, argue against, refute, object, hold a totally different view, oppose, be against……

注意：在行文过程中，需要变化的是表示同意或者反对的功能性词汇（如claim，refute）而表示阅读部分和听力部分的指代型词汇（如the passage，the lecture）请不要变化。

Task 2 Independent Writing

Topic

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

In modern times, grandparents cannot give their grandchildren useful advice because the world of today and the world of 50 years ago are too different.

Recaps

本次托福独立写作部分，与2010年10月22日北美考题完全重复，与2012年9月8日大陆考题主线重复（注：2012年9月8日考题为Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grandparents cannot give useful advice to grandchildren.）话题依旧是明暗两条主题线交叉（古今对比为明线，教育为暗线），属于写作热门话题，话题可拓展性强，举证较简单。考生如在语言运用层面（词组，句法）不出现重大及频繁错误，最终行文较容易达到Fair(2.5 - 3.5 / 17-22分)级别的分数。

Topic Address

作为古今差异的典型考题，话题分析的最好立意点就在于明细化对比，也就是分析the intertwined relationship between the past and present。对于此话题而言，较典型且易得分的论述方式是围绕“world of today and the world of 50 years ago are too different” 展开，可以将论证说明的领域具体化，从不同的角度层层论证两代人的“two differentiated world”。

Traps & Misinterpretations

很多考生在拿到题目的时候，会将审题的切入点定为cannot give或useful advice 这两个词组上，在话题论述时，直接忽略原因状语，变成论证“Whether grandparents can give useful advice”或“whether the advice that grandparents give is useful”。造成这样写作偏题的主要原因，是由于考生没有明白ETS在进行写作题目设定时候的基本逻辑思路，即独立写作作文题由三部分构成：1）Question Type（A/D或者Preference）:限定考生的论证文体；2）Reference Statement ：帮助考生确定题目所属话题主线的部分，基本上为事实型陈述句式为主，如本题中的In modern times, grandparents cannot give their grandchildren useful advice；3）Inference Statement：出题者根据reference 部分的陈述进行的判断性总结句式，往往具有争议性和明确的可延展性，往往有明确的逻辑关系词做引导，如本题中的because the world of today and the world of 50 years ago are too different。

考生在审题时，应将注意力放在inference statement部分，而不是对于既定事实进行否定，否则会违背学术性议论文的基本逻辑：不对基本条件进行质疑。

Referential Brainstorming

认为建议依然有用（Disagree）:

üCommunication：社会环境虽然改变很多，但是祖父母依旧可以用自身阅历，就如何他人进行更好的面对面交流提供很好的建议；

üQuality & Ability：祖父母生活经验丰富，可以在品德和为人方面给予孙子辈人一些建议，因为一些优良的品格和精神，如正直，善良，团队精神等在任何年代都会受到推崇；üRights & Responsibility：无论社会如何变化，人总是要经历成长，经历人生必经的一些阶段，如结婚生子。一些道理只有祖父母辈这些经历过的人才懂，如遇到婚姻中的挫折和平淡该如何面对等。

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