猜测词义的方法(策略)

猜测词义的方法

不少人在阅读中经常碰到生词，要是问他怎么办，他的回答是查词典。一碰到生词就查词典并不

是一个好的阅读方法。因为这样做势必影响阅读速度，而且因为查词典的次数越多，阅读信心也丧失

得越多有时会导致阅读半途而费。再说，就是在词典里查到了某个词，一看解释有十条八条的，也不

知应该选哪一条。因此笔者的建议是：尽量少查词典，碰到生词时猜猜看。

也许有人会问，怎么个猜法? 当然孤零零的生词是很难猜出来的如“candid，quelled，and inundated”这几个字如孤立地猜，确实很难猜但是如果把它们放在句子中，可能很快就能猜出意思。

Since you want a candid opinion of your new pants, I honestly think they are too tight.

Candid means _______.

(A) complimentary (B) straightforward and honest (C) creative

The kindergarten teacher quelled the racket in her classroom by promising that she'd finish the funny story she had started yesterday.

Quelled means .

(a) taught (B) recorded (C) quieted

The town was inundated with water when the river overflowed during the storm.

Inundated means ______.

(A) flooded (B) sprinkled (C) blessed

在上面的句子中，那些不熟悉词的上下文有些暗示，提供了一些线索，因此，可能猜出candid意即straightforward(直截了当)；quelled意即 quieted(使安静)；inundated意即flooded(遭水灾)。

猜测词义是必须掌握的重要阅读技巧。因为作者在写作时，估计到读者有时会碰到不认识的词，

他会通过上下文给出一点暗示或线索，让读者在上下文的语境中理解这些词。作为读者，应该学会寻

找这些线索。

阅读的过程是一个思维的过程，是一个与作者交流的双向的过程。我们一边阅读，一边要问自己

好多“为什么”，并假设出可能的答案，然后去找出真正的答案来证实自己的假设。根据上下文猜测词

义也是这种创造性思维的一部分。假如动不动就去查词典(当然有时还需要查词典)，那就等于放弃了

进行创造性思维的可能性，从发展思维方法上说，是很遗憾的。

之所以不要—碰到生词就查词典，还因为假如这个词是重要的，作者一定会使它重复出现，因此，

在没有查词典之前，根据上下文，能猜出它的意思。

学会猜测词义的好处之一，假如为了理解“生词”而前后左右去寻找线索，那就一定把注意力集中

到句子上，而不是个别词语上，久而久之，就一定会自然而然地提高对句子的理解，对句际之间关系

的理解，乃至对整个篇章的理解能力。

好处之二，假如根据上下文的意思猜出了—个新的词语，就等于增加了词汇量。这个词语是在表

达意思的语境中学到的，不是干巴巴地靠背生词表，背词典而学来的，对它的印象一定很深刻。而且

知道这个词语与其他词语的关系，就知道应该怎样在句子中使用这个词语。这样学得的词汇二是轻易

忘不了的。

好处之三，假如掌握了这个技巧，就一定会省下好多查词典的时间，加快阅读速度，增加阅读的

总量，也必定导致增强阅读信心。久而久之，还会收到意想不到的结果，扩大了词汇量。

那到底应该怎样根据上下文猜测词义呢?下面介绍一些方法。

·定义法

提示词is(are)called，that is，i.e., is referred to as，定语从句，同位

语从句等。

1. A line slanting from one corner to the opposite corner is called a diagonal line.

2. An animal with four feet is referred to as quadruped.

·重述法

提示词or, put another way, 破折号，冒号，括号等。

3. In leukemia-- one kind of cancer -- too many white blood cells are produced in

the body.

4. When you have a disease like measles or chicken pox, your body cells produce substances called antibodies which destroy the germs or make their poisons harmless. When you get well, you have enough of these antibodies left to protect you from getting the disease again. This protection, or immunity, against some disease may last the rest of your life.

·举例法

提示词 for example, such as, e.g.等。

5. Electricity is sent out to homes and factories over wires, but it cannot be sent for long distances because it leaks out of the wires. Insulators, especially robber, glass, and wood, are used to help prevent this leakage of electricity.

6. Agents of erosion, like wind, moving water, and glaciers, are always at work changing the earth's surface.

·常识及上下文相关信息法

7. Luther was very sad when his grandfather died, but thanks to the inheritance his grandfather left him, he could afford to go to college.

8. Baltimore at mid-century began to boom. By 1790 it has risen to become the new republic's fourth largest city with aspirations to overtake the three still ahead.

·同义词和反义词法

9. Bob and Rose were as different as night and day; he was taciturn but she was talkative.

10. Considering the harshness of the crime, the light punishment that he received seemed quite lenient.

·构词法

11. My horse, despite its unimpressive appearance, had covered sixty miles under the scorching sun without any difficulty.

Passage 1

Aside from perpetuating itself, the solo purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Art and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art. This is done by enthusiastically handing out money. Annual cash awards are given to deserving artists in various categories of creativity: architecture, musical composition, theater, novels, serious poetry, light verse, painting, and sculpture. One award subsidizes a promising: American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially--one won by the young John Updike for The Poor-house Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In love and Trouble.

The awards and prizes total about $750 000 a year, but most of them range in size from $12 500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not bring in that much money in a year. One of the advantages of award is that many go to the struggling artists, rather than to those who are already successful. Members of the Academy and Institute are not eligible for any cash prizes. Another advantage is that, unlike the National Endowment for the Arts or similar institutions throughout the world, there is no government money involved.

Awards are made by committee. Each of the three departments-Literature(120 members), Art(83), Music(47) has a committee dealing with its own field. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.

The most financially rewarding of all the Academy-Institute awards are the Mildred and Harold Strauss Livings. Harold Strauss, a devoted editor at Alfred A. Knopf, the New York publishing house, and Mildred Strauss, his wife, were wealthy and childless. They left the Academy-Institute a unique bequest: for five continuous years, two distinguished (and financially needy)writers would receive enough money so they could devote themselves entirely to “prose literature”. In 1983,the first Strauss Livings of $35 000 a year went to short-story writer Raymond Carver and novelist-essayist Cynthia Ozick. By 1988, the fund had grown enough so that two winners, novelists Diane Johnson and Robert Stone, each got $50 000 a year for five years.

1. Why does American Academy-Institute offer large numbers of awards and prizes every year?

(A) Because they have a lot of money from various sponsors.

(B) Because they want to help and encourage the young artists.

(D) Because the artists need money to go abroad for experience.

2. The awards are given to the following except ______.

(A) short stories writers (B) architecture designers

3. According to the passage, many awards go to______.

(A) the needy artists (B) the famous artists

4. "Members of the Academy and Institute are not eligible for any cash prizes." "eligible"

here is closest in meaning to______.

(A) flexible (B) suitable (C) capable (D) imaginable

5. We can infer from the passage that ________.

(A) The Mildred and Harold Strauss Livings left a lot of fortune to the Academy-Institute

after they died.

(B) American government save a lot of money because of the Academy-Institute's awards

become successful

(D) Committee membership changes every year so that new members can express their new

ideas

Passage 2

The Neanderthal(尼安德特人)may not have had a poet's soul, but there is evidence that he was more "human" than had previously been thought.

The much savage and now extinct member of the genus Homo, who lived around of the Mediterranean from 100 000 to 45 000 years ago, is now recognized to have had an intricate social structure. Neanderthal man is believed to have followed forms of religious ritual.

A Columbia University anthropologist has suggested that the practice of medicine may also belong on Neanderthal' s list of accomplishments. Dr. Ralph S. Solecki bases his speculation on an examination of preserved pollen grains found with a male skeleton buried in an Iraqi cave 60 000 years ago. Of the eight plants represented in the grave, seven

are known today to possess medicinal properties, natural chemicals still used in herbal medicine as diuretics(利尿), astringents (收敛), emetics (催吐), stimulants, and pain relievers. The body was laid on a bed of branches from a shrub that contains ephedrine, a nerve stimulant.

Neanderthals were usually buried with stone tools and body ornaments ritually arranged around the corpse. Shanidar IV, as the corpse in question is identified(after the name of the cave and the series of skeletons), is the only body found with flowers.

Dr. Solecki, who has reported much of the earlier work on the Shanidar burials, says that the use of medicinal plants may have been a seasonal coincidence; the flowers in question bloom only in the spring. But they may also have been buried with Shanidar IV to revive him, or, Dr. Solecki proposes, as relic~ of his trade, "medicine man."

6."Neanderthal may not have had a poet's soul" means ______.

(A) he probably didn't have much feeling

(B) he probably didn't know how to write

(D) he probably didn't have the talent of a poet

7. What docs the word extract mean?

(A) no longer in existence (B) in existence

8. What other important filing docs Solecki believe they knew?

(A) Growing plants. (B) Making stone tools.

9. What mason does Solecki prefer about the explanation of the flowers in the grave?

(A) The man was buffed when the flowers bloomed.

(B) The primitive man used flowers to bring back the dead to consciousness.

(D) The man might be a medicine man.

10. The passage implies________.

(A) new studies give us new information about Neanderthal

(B) the wrong name was chosen for Neanderthal man

(D) Neanderthals were very primitive people

Passage 3

The progress of research into aging, the common condition of mammals from mice to men, has led some scientists to believe that some day they may be able to improve the miseries of old age, and even perhaps to stop the biological clock.

The present state of gerontology (still a young science) was laid out recently in a series of articles in the journal BIOSCIENCE. Evidence was cited suggesting there may be a centrally located pacemaker for life. There was also data indicating that an aging clock may lie hidden in the nucleus of each cell.

Candidates for the role of pacemaker include the hypothalamus, a part of the brain, and the thymus, a gland (腺) in the upper chest. Hormones (荷尔蒙，内分泌)the thymus produces are critical to the complex of systems that gives the body resistance against invasion by foreign organisms; the gland's effect weakens with age. The hypothalamus (视丘下部)is

a regulator in the production of hormones important in reproduction; recent research has shown that ovaries(卵巢)from old rats began to function again when transplanted into younger rats.

On the side of a cellular clock, ongoing investigations have already shown that human cells appear to subdivide, or reproduce themselves, not more than 40 to 60 times. They are, apparently, programmed to stop.

The precise mechanisms of the these organic timekeepers, or their exact relation to the aging process, are not yet fully understood. The possibility remains that aging may result from their combined effect or may be caused by factors that are still unknown or by effect of wear and tear.

11. Scientists think the possible pacemakers are______.

(A) hypothalamus and thymus (B) hormones and thymus

12. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Aging is the common condition of all mammals.

(B) Some day scientists may be able to improve the miseries of old age, and even to

stop the aging clock.

(D) Scientists have discovered the causes of aging.

13. Which statement is NOT TRUE?

(A) The thymus hormones are important to the body.

(B) The cellular clock theory suggests that the aging mechanism may be life within each

individual cell.

(D) Scientists understand the precise mechanisms and their relation to aging.

14. The cellular clock theory suggests that the aging mechanism may lie within each

individual' cell, which is ________.

(A) an example of the pacemaker theory (B) compared with the pacemaker theory

15. The word" gerontology" (para.2, line 1) probably means ______.

(A) the scientific study of old age, its changes in the body, and the effects of them

(B) the scientific study of mind and the way it works

and mind

(D) the scientific study of living things

Passage 4

It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms --in other words the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure. Some remarkable conclusions were reported by Asch and others. They noticed that people in group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses or that contradict their own beliefs. It would be a mistake to think that only particularly

docile people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type. Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used and this, of course, makes the results even more disturbing.

In a typical experiment, this is what may happen. The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.

When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the rest of the group all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than haft of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion, or because they were afraid of being different. However, Asch also found that if he allowed one correct judgment in the group the probability of the victim conforming was dramatically decreased. Perhaps this is the most encouraging finding in real-life terms: if we have the courage to keep to our beliefs, we may give others the courage to express theirs.

16. What have the experiments demonstrated?

(A) Different kinds of people will behave differently according to their own will.

(B) Different kinds of people will change their judgments and opinions as a result of

group pressure.

(D) Many people will change their minds when there is one correct judgment in the group.

17. What does the word "conform” mean?

(A) To behave in accordance with the norms of the group.

(B) To behave in disagreement with the norms of the group.

(D) To watch the group's standard of behavior and thinking.

18. In the context of this passage" docile" people probably refer to the people who ______.

(A) are easily influenced

(B) are difficult to be influenced

(D) are highly intelligent and independent

19. A "unanimous" opinion is one shared by ________.

(A) no member of a group (B) another member of a group

20. They yield to the pressure of the group. The word" yield" most likely means ______.

(A) oppose (B) resist (C) not oppose (D) produce

词义猜测题的解题技巧

龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/9e1252869.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧作者：杨富章来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：

猜测词义的方法

猜测词义的方法不少人在阅读中经常碰到生词，要是问他怎么办，他的回答是查词典。一碰到生词就查词典并不是一个好的阅读方法。因为这样做势必影响阅读速度，而且因为查词典的次数越多，阅读信心也丧失得越多有时会导致阅读半途而费。再说，就是在词典里查到了某个词，一看解释有十条八条的，也不知应该选哪一条。因此笔者的建议是：尽量少查词典，碰到生词时猜猜看。也许有人会问，怎么个猜法当然孤零零的生词是很难猜出来的如“candid，quelled，and inundated”这几个字如孤立地猜，确实很难猜但是如果把它们放在句子中，可能很快就能猜出意思。 Since you want a candid opinion of your new pants, I honestly think they are too tight. Candid means _______. (A) complimentary (B) straightforward and honest (C) creative The kindergarten teacher quelled the racket in her classroom by promising that she'd finish the funny story she had started yesterday. Quelled means . (a) taught (B) recorded (C) quieted The town was inundated with water when the river overflowed during the storm. Inundated means ______. (A) flooded (B) sprinkled (C) blessed 在上面的句子中，那些不熟悉词的上下文有些暗示，提供了一些线索，因此，可能猜出candid意即straightforward(直截了当)；quelled意即 quieted(使安静)；inundated意即flooded(遭水灾)。猜测词义是必须掌握的重要阅读技巧。因为作者在写作时，估计到读者有时会碰到不认识的词，他会通过上下文给出一点暗示或线索，让读者在上下文的语境中理解这些词。作为读者，应该学会寻找这些线索。阅读的过程是一个思维的过程，是一个与作者交流的双向的过程。我们一边阅读，一边要问自己好多“为什么”，并假设出可能的答案，然后去找出真正的答案来证实自己的假设。根据上下文猜测词义也是这种创造性思维的一部分。假如动不动就去查词典(当然有时还需要查词典)，那就等于放弃了进行创造性思维的可能性，从发展思维方法上说，是很遗憾的。之所以不要—碰到生词就查词典，还因为假如这个词是重要的，作者一定会使它重复出现，因此，在没有查词典之前，根据上下文，能猜出它的意思。学会猜测词义的好处之一，假如为了理解“生词”而前后左右去寻找线索，那就一定把注意力集中到句子上，而不是个别词语上，久而久之，就一定会自然而然地提高对句子的理解，对句际之间关系的理解，乃至对整个篇章的理解能力。好处之二，假如根据上下文的意思猜出了—个新的词语，就等于增加了词汇量。这个词语是在表达意思的语境中学到的，不是干巴巴地靠背生词表，背词典而学来的，对它的印象一定很深刻。而且知道这个词语与其他词语的关系，就知道应该怎样在句子中使用这个词语。这样学得的词汇二是轻易忘不了的。好处之三，假如掌握了这个技巧，就一定会省下好多查词典的时间，加快阅读速度，增加阅读的总量，也必定导致增强阅读信心。久而久之，还会收到意想不到的结果，扩大了词汇量。那到底应该怎样根据上下文猜测词义呢下面介绍一些方法。 ·定义法提示词is(are)called，that is，., is referred to as，定语从句，同位语从句等。 1. A line slanting from one corner to the opposite corner is called a diagonal line. 2. An animal with four feet is referred to as quadruped. ·重述法提示词or, put another way, 破折号，冒号，括号等。

机械类常用英语词汇大全

机械类常用英语词汇大全一字螺丝批 slot type screwdriver 一点透视 one-point perspective 二画二合一黏合剂 epoxy resin adhesive 二合胶；混合胶 epoxy glue 二维的；平面的 two-dimensional 二进制 binary 二极管；整流子 diode 二号螺丝攻 second tap 二路开关 two-way switch 十进制的；公制的 metric 人工制品 artefact 人造板 man-made board 人体工程学 ergonomics; human engineering 人体尺寸 human dimension 人体测量学 anthropometry; anthropometrics 刀片 blade 刀身 blade 刀具 tool 刀具溜座 carriage 刀柱 tool post 刀架 tool rest 刀架底座 tool rest bracket 刀座帷；床鞍 apron 刀座鞍；溜板座 saddle 力 force 力三角形 triangle of force 力平行四边形 parallelogram of force 力多边形；多边形力学 polygon of force 力的分解 force resolution 力架；亮漆 lacquer 力矩 moment 力偶 couple 力矩定律 law of moment 力-距离图表 force-distance graph 力图 force diagram 力线 line of force 力点 effort 十字榫 cross halving joint 十字螺丝 Philip s head screw 十字螺丝批 Philip s type screwdriver 丁字尺；T 尺 tee square 三画三爪夹头 three-jaw chuck 三角尺 set square 三角形结构系杆 triangulation tie 三角锉 triangular file 三维的；立体的 three-dimensional 三氯甲烷；哥罗芳 chloroform 三聚氰胺；蜜胺 melamine 三点透视 three-point perspective 上油漆 painting 上釉 enamelling 凡立水 varnish 叉形顶尖 fork centre 口罩 mask 士力；虫漆 shellac 士巴拿；扳手 spanner 大芯夹板；宽条芯夹板 blockboard; solid corestock-laminated board 大量制造 mass production

高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义

高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。词义猜测题常见的考查形式： 1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean? 2) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by _________. 3) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______. 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”…”? 5) By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. 6) What do you think the expression “…” stand for? 考查方向： 1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义； 2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力； 3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力； 4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力； 5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力； 6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。 Example 1 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义：_________ 2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义：_________ 3.It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. 词义：_________ 4.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 词义:_________ Skill 1：通过定义或解释来猜测定义常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语。 Practice 1 “Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder–a “cold”shoulder. The expression “getting the cold shoulder”means ____. A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to you B. greeting you friendly C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meat Example 2 1.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 词义：_________ 2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost…词义：________ 3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 词义：________ Skill 2：通过举例猜测常用such as, like,for example, for instance等引出例子。 Practice 2: I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an

机械专业常用名词

机器制造工业машиностроительная промышленность 机床；工作母机станок 重型机床станок тяжелого типа 精密机床прецизионный(точный)станок 自动程序控制机床станок с автоматеческим программным управлением 量具刃具мерительные и режущие инструменты 轴承（滚珠轴承，滚针轴承，微型轴承） подшипник(роликовый,игольчатый,микро-подшиник) 试造车间экспериментальный цех 制模车间модельный цех 翻砂（铸造）车间литейный цех 锻工车间кузнечный цех 冷锻车间холодноштамповочный цех

热压车间цех горячей прессовки 热处理车间термический цех;цех термической обработки 木工车间деревообделочный цех 铜工车间медный цех 油漆车间малярный цех 量具车间цех мерительного инструмента工具车间интрументальный цех 大件装配车间сборочный цех крупных деталей 装配车间сборочный цех 辅助车间вспомогательный цех 修配车间ремонтно-монтажный цех 铸造设备литейная установка 辗压设备каточная установка 金属切削机床металлорежущий стан 车床станок 齿轮箱车床токарный станок с коробкой

猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧(技巧总结)

猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见提问方式 The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______. What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for? The word/phrase “________” most near ly means ______. The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______. The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”? What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …? The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________. 正确选项的特点 1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。 2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。干扰项的特点 1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。 2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。解题思路 1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。 2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、（表示上下文之间的逻辑关系）关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。特别提示： 1.不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思。 2.不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。解题技巧构词法派生词：通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。 Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. undersized=under (低于) +size (尺寸、大小)，通过构词法可知以-ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged 三只脚的)，再结合后面的short legs (短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身

阅读理解专题③——猜测词义(教师版)

（教师版）一、目标预设通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。二、知识梳理（一）猜测词义常用的十种方法在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。

机械专业英语高频词汇讲解

机械专业英语高频词汇 metal cutting 金属切削 machine tool 机床 technology of metals金属工艺学 cutter 刀具 friction 摩擦 link 联结 drive/transmission 传动 shaft 轴 elasticity 弹性 frequency characteristic 频率特性 error 误差 response响应 allocation 定位 jig 机床夹具 term 语术 d ynamic 动力学 k inematic运动学 s tatic 静力学 a nalyse mechanics 分析力学 p ulling 拉伸 s hear 剪切 t wist 扭转 b ending stress 弯曲应力 i ntensity 强度 t hree-phase AC 三相交流电 m agnetic circles 磁路 t ransformer变压器 a synchronous motor 异步电动机 g eometrical 几何形状 p recision 精度 s inusoid 正弦形的 h itting压缩 A C circuit 交流电路 m achining allowance 机械加工余量 d eforming forc e 变形力 d eformation 变形 s tress 应力 r igidity 硬度 r igidity 刚度 h eat treatment 热处理 d ecarburization 脱碳 c ircuit 电路

f raising铰孔 semiconductor element 半导体元件 f eedback 反馈 g enerator 发生器 D C electrical source直流电源 g ate circuit 门电路 l ogic algebra//////algorithm逻辑代数 e xternal grinding 外圆磨削 internal grinding内圆磨削 p lane grinding 平面磨削 c arburization 渗碳 gearbox 变速箱 c lutch 离合器 r eamer铰刀 t hread processing 螺纹加工 s crew 螺钉 m ill 铣削 m illing cutter 铣刀 p ower 功率 w orkpiece 工件 g ear machining 齿轮加工 g ear 齿轮 m ain movement 主运动 d irection of main movem 主运动方向ent d irection of feed进给方向 f eed movement 进给运动 r esultant movement of fe 合成进给运动ed r esultant movement of cut 合成切削运动ting d irection of resultant cutting 合成切削运动方向motion c utting depth 切削深度 r ake face 前刀面 n ose of tool刀尖 r ake angle 前角 c learance angle 后角 p laning 龙门刨削 s pindle 主轴 h eadstock主轴箱 c huck 卡盘 m achining center 加工中心 l athe tool 车刀 l athe 车床 b ore 钻削镗削 t urning车削 g rinder 磨床

阅读猜测词义十种方法

阅读猜测词义十种方法在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。1．根据定义或解释猜测词义这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing （1）Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. （2）The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play. （3）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. （4）The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs. （5）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. （6）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature. 7. .Do you know what a “terri tory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. 8. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建According to the passage ,The Pines is a . A．place in which you can see many mobile homes. B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley. C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park. D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food. 9. Another habit which can slow your reading is called subvocalization. In this case your lips do not move, but you will “hear” each word in your head as you read silently. 2．根据对比关系猜测词义；当句中含有but, however, yet, however, though, although, on the other hand, instead ,while, unlike, instead, rather than, on the contrary, in contrast with, despite, in spite of, 等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词词义。 1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 2. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes. 3. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET） A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 4.One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite. 5. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous. 6. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories. 7. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented. 8. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. 9. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 3．根据因果关系猜测词义原因的表示法 A. 并列连词：for，so B. 从属连词：because, since, now (that), as, so / such…that C. 介词短语：because of, on account of, as a result of, as a consequence of, thanks to , owing to, due to, for this

猜测词义技巧练习

猜测词义技巧练习姓名：日期：重难点讲解猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。就象我们在看中文的文章时，并不是一碰到生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时，也应养成这样的习惯和能力。技巧训练：要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。 1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：（1）A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. （2）A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。怎么样？不难吧？有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如： His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 不难猜出，zoologist就是“动物学家”的意思。当看到文中的破折号“—”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如： Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers—those who can understand as well as speak many languages. 这里，Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。你猜出来了吗？ 2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如：（1）Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, hi s neck still remains grubby. grubby是什么意思呢？和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。（2）John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things ; his wife, however, is very thrifty. 和wastes a lot of money相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。 3. 通过因果关系猜测词义 because , since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。例如：（1）She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。right ? Ok, it’s your turn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。（2）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 根据that引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗？ 4. 根据生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？（1）Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. （2）Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。 5. 根据同等关系猜测词义

机械类常用术语

机械类常用术语计算机辅助设计与制造系统CAD/CAM system 计算机数控computer numerical control (CNC) 计算机数控车床CNC lathe 电路circuit 电磁线圈；筒形线圈；螺线管solenoid 电枢；衔铁线圈armature 电线electric wire 电线退皮钳wire stripper 电导率electrical conductivity 电导量conductance 电压voltage 电压比voltage ratio 十四画划针scriber 划线layout; marking out; ruling 划线刀marking knife 划线工具marking tool 划线规marking gauge; surface gauge 划线轮stitch marker 图形表达技巧graphic presentation technique 图案；花样pattern 图框drawing frame 图画的阴暗部shade 图画纸cartridge paper 图象传意graphical communication 图头钉French nail 垫片；垫圈；介子gasket; washer 垫板；台垫bench hook 垫料backing 实践计划realization 对比contrast 对流convection

对接butt 对接合；对接榫butt joint 对接角榫butt mitred joint 对接焊butt welding 对称symmetry 惯性力矩；转动惯量moment of inertia 惯性负载inertia load 截锥铆钉pan head rivet 折尺folding rule 折床；弯曲机bending machine 折铁砧hatchet stake 折铁器folding bar 敲打成形beatening 杠杆lever 构件member 构成作业fabrication process 构架接合；构架榫framed joint 构架结构frame construction 构想；意念idea 榫头tenon 榫眼；卯孔mortise 榫规；双线规mortise gauge 榫锯；夹背锯tenon saw 榫凿mortise chisel 槌击法chopping 演绎技术(设计) rendering technique 滚子轴承roller bearing 滚花身；压花身knurled shank 滚珠轴承ball bearing 滚纹；切辊纹knurling 滚动摩擦rolling friction 滚压；辘压rolling 漏电断路掣；水气掣earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) 滞后现象hysteresis

2020五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题

五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表 2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the water catcher） 1(单词courier) 1（单词contributions）全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables are turned） 2(单词downside;代词 it) 1（短语signed off）全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced） 2（代词them；短语 a pipe dream） / 近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过 2道。但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。预计2018年此题型题量将会保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。