猜测词义方法 (1)
猜测词义方法
一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：
一、针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1．根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, d efine, represent, refer to, signify等。
例如：（05 湖北卷A篇）Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.
由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
（04 浙江卷B篇）Green building means “reducing t he impact (影响) of the build ing on the land”.
由定义我们可以推断这里 Green building 指的是什么。
2．根据复述推测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致“义域”（意义范围）。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。
同位语复述：在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有使也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, nam ely, or other, say.等。
例如：（05浙江卷B篇）In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, e xist in the U.S. today．
由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
定语从句复述：
例如：（04 福建卷E篇）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special wa y of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising s auces .
According the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
3．根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例如：（04 辽宁卷C篇）The course gives you chances to know great power politie s between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the Unite d Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。二、内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
例如：（NMET 2002 E篇）A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) proba bly mean?
A．a party designed by specialists
B．a plan requiring careful thought
C．a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D．a demand made by guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2．根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：sim ilarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。
3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：（05上海卷B篇）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presu mptuous of me to tell you what to do .”
The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “” .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里pr esumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
（05江西卷D篇）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪（树枝等）”的意思。4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系推断生词词义。
例如：（05 江苏卷E篇）William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”
The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragrap h most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”。
（04 湖北卷C篇）Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researche rs at Johns Hopkins and three other me dical centers.
根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopki ns 是一家医疗中心。
三、通过构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：（05江西卷E篇）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or singl e-sex schools?
根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-ed ucational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：（05 广东卷E篇）It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the b ay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly poin t．
后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：（05 北京卷B篇）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overu se injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operat e them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。
（04浙江卷D 篇）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-p roduced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longe r exists.
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。
综上所述，利用各种已知的信息推测判断生词词义是一项重要的阅读技能。在阅读中我们可以根据实际灵活应用上面提到的几种猜词技巧，排除生词的干扰，理解文章的思想，提高阅读速度，同时，提高我们在高考阅读理解中的得分率。
词义猜测题的解题技巧
龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fa18592042.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
阅读理解之猜测词义
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
猜测词义的方法
猜测词义的方法 不少人在阅读中经常碰到生词，要是问他怎么办，他的回答是查词典。一碰到生词就查词典并不 是一个好的阅读方法。因为这样做势必影响阅读速度，而且因为查词典的次数越多，阅读信心也丧失 得越多有时会导致阅读半途而费。再说，就是在词典里查到了某个词，一看解释有十条八条的，也不 知应该选哪一条。因此笔者的建议是：尽量少查词典，碰到生词时猜猜看。 也许有人会问，怎么个猜法当然孤零零的生词是很难猜出来的如“candid，quelled，and inundated”这几个字如孤立地猜，确实很难猜但是如果把它们放在句子中，可能很快就能猜出意思。 Since you want a candid opinion of your new pants, I honestly think they are too tight. Candid means _______. (A) complimentary (B) straightforward and honest (C) creative The kindergarten teacher quelled the racket in her classroom by promising that she'd finish the funny story she had started yesterday. Quelled means . (a) taught (B) recorded (C) quieted The town was inundated with water when the river overflowed during the storm. Inundated means ______. (A) flooded (B) sprinkled (C) blessed 在上面的句子中，那些不熟悉词的上下文有些暗示，提供了一些线索，因此，可能猜出candid意即straightforward(直截了当)；quelled意即 quieted(使安静)；inundated意即flooded(遭水灾)。 猜测词义是必须掌握的重要阅读技巧。因为作者在写作时，估计到读者有时会碰到不认识的词， 他会通过上下文给出一点暗示或线索，让读者在上下文的语境中理解这些词。作为读者，应该学会寻 找这些线索。 阅读的过程是一个思维的过程，是一个与作者交流的双向的过程。我们一边阅读，一边要问自己 好多“为什么”，并假设出可能的答案，然后去找出真正的答案来证实自己的假设。根据上下文猜测 词义也是这种创造性思维的一部分。假如动不动就去查词典(当然有时还需要查词典)，那就等于放弃 了进行创造性思维的可能性，从发展思维方法上说，是很遗憾的。 之所以不要—碰到生词就查词典，还因为假如这个词是重要的，作者一定会使它重复出现，因此， 在没有查词典之前，根据上下文，能猜出它的意思。 学会猜测词义的好处之一，假如为了理解“生词”而前后左右去寻找线索，那就一定把注意力集 中到句子上，而不是个别词语上，久而久之，就一定会自然而然地提高对句子的理解，对句际之间关 系的理解，乃至对整个篇章的理解能力。 好处之二，假如根据上下文的意思猜出了—个新的词语，就等于增加了词汇量。这个词语是在表 达意思的语境中学到的，不是干巴巴地靠背生词表，背词典而学来的，对它的印象一定很深刻。而且 知道这个词语与其他词语的关系，就知道应该怎样在句子中使用这个词语。这样学得的词汇二是轻易 忘不了的。 好处之三，假如掌握了这个技巧，就一定会省下好多查词典的时间，加快阅读速度，增加阅读的 总量，也必定导致增强阅读信心。久而久之，还会收到意想不到的结果，扩大了词汇量。 那到底应该怎样根据上下文猜测词义呢下面介绍一些方法。 ·定义法 提示词is(are)called，that is，., is referred to as，定语从句，同位语从句等。 1. A line slanting from one corner to the opposite corner is called a diagonal line. 2. An animal with four feet is referred to as quadruped. ·重述法 提示词or, put another way, 破折号，冒号，括号等。
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义 猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。 词义猜测题常见的考查形式： 1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean? 2) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by _________. 3) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______. 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”…”? 5) By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. 6) What do you think the expression “…” stand for? 考查方向： 1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义； 2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力； 3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力； 4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力； 5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力； 6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。 Example 1 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义：_________ 2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义：_________ 3.It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. 词义：_________ 4.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 词义:_________ Skill 1：通过定义或解释来猜测 定义常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语。 Practice 1 “Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder–a “cold”shoulder. The expression “getting the cold shoulder”means ____. A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to you B. greeting you friendly C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meat Example 2 1.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 词义：_________ 2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost…词义：________ 3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 词义：________ Skill 2：通过举例猜测 常用such as, like,for example, for instance等引出例子。 Practice 2: I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an
阅读理解专题③——猜测词义(教师版)
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阅读猜测词义十种方法
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阅读理解猜测词义练习案
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