词汇学重点大纲
《英语词汇学》教学大纲三、教学内容与教学安排（Course Content and Arrangement）
教学章节Chapters and Sections
教学目标
Teaching Aims
教学方式
Teaching
Methods
学时安排
Class hour
1. 绪论
Unit 1 Preliminaries about lexicology 了解课程目标、明确基本要求
Introducing course description and
requirement
讲授
Lecture
2
2. 词汇结构
Unit 2 Formation of words 了解词汇基本结构
Learning formation of English
words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
3. 词的语法特征
Unit 3 Grammatical aspect 理解词汇语法特征
Understanding grammatical aspect
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
4. 组词习惯
Unit 4 Idiomatic aspect of word combinations 分析组词习惯
Analysis of idiomaticity of word
combinations
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
5. 语义类型
Unit 5 Semantic types 对比分析语义类型
Contrastive analysis of semantic
types
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
6. 语义网络
Unit 6 Semantic networks 分析、综合语义网络
Analysis and summary of semantic
networks
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
7. 语义关系
Unit 7 Semantic relations 综合分析词汇语义关系
Systematic analysis of semantic
relations
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
8. 词的情感特征
Unit 8 Emotional aspect 分析词汇情感特征
Learning about emotional aspect of
English words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
9. 词的语体特征
Unit 9 Stylistic aspect 分析词汇语体特征
Learning about stylistic aspect of
English words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
10. 词的社会特征Unit 10 Social aspect 理解词的社会特征
Understanding social aspect of
English words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
11. 词的文化特征
Unit 11 Cultural aspect 理解词的文化特征
Understanding cultural aspect of
English words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
12. 词的认知特征
Unit 12 Cognitive aspect 分析词的认知特征
Learning about cognitive aspect of
words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
13. 词的历时变化
Unit 13 Change of English words 综合词的历时变化
Analysis and summary of change
of English words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
14. 外来词
Unit 14 Loan words 对比分析外来词
Contrastive analysis of loan words
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
15. 学词汇与词典学
Unit 15 Learning English vocabulary, Lexicography and dictionaries 运用词典帮助学习词汇
Linking vocabulary to
lexicography and dictionaries
讲授、示范
Lecture,
demonstratio
n
2
16. 复习
Unit 16 Revision 综合所学单元、了解测试办法
Summary of previous units and
arrangement of test
讲授、讨论
Lecture,
discussion
2
总计
Total
32
五、考核与评价方式(Course Evaluation)
考核内容：词的基本知识、词的形态结构、词的构成方式、词汇来源及发展、词义、语义关系及词义变化、习语及词典知识、词汇的下列特征：社会、文化、语体、情感、认知等特征。
考核方法：期末闭卷笔试，占70%；平时（出勤、提问、作业等）占30%。
Contents covered include: knowledge about and structure of words, semantic relations and networks between and of words, origin and development of vocabulary, idiomatic expressions and lexicography, social, cultural, cognitive and other aspects of English words.
Final grade consists of: a final written exam (70%) and overall performance (30% for attendance, assignments etc)
【样题】
I Match the terms in Column A with those in Column B according to their senses.
(每小题1.5分，共15分)
A B
1. word a. the widening of meaning
2. morpheme b. words opposite in meaning
3. prefixation c. the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases
4. compounding d. the formation of new words by joining two or more bases
5. clipping e. the relationship between language and the world
6. reference f. words that has two or more senses
7. polysemy g. the formation of new words by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead
8. antonymy h. the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words
9. synonymy i. words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning
10. extension j. a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function
II Multiple Choice. (每小题2分，共30分)
Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.
( ) 1. In different language, the same concept can be represented by ______ and the same sound can show_______ .
A. different sounds/different meanings
B. same sounds/different meanings
C. different sounds/same meanings
D. same sounds/same meanings
( ) 2. _____ are words borrowed early in the past and now well assimilated into the English language.
A. Denizens
B. Aliens
C. Translations
D. Semantic-loans
( ) 3. Word formation excludes_________.
A. affixation and compounding
B. conversion and shortening
C. chipping, acronymy and blending
D. repetition and alliteration
( ) 4. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in ______ aspects.
A. phonetic features
B. semantic features
C. grammatical features
D. all the above
( ) 5. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on ________ whereas in noun phrase_______ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.
A. the first element/the second element
B. the second element/the first element
C. the first element/the first element
D. the second element/the second element
( ) 6. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not posses all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.
A. plural forms
B. single forms
C. adjectives
D. definite articles
( ) 7. Motivation accounts for connection between the linguistic symbol and ______.
A. its meaning
B. its sound
C. its form
D. none of the above
( ) 8. “Mouth” in “the mouth of river” is _______.
A. onomatopoetically motivated
B. morphologically motivated
C. semantically motivated
D. etymologically motivated
( ) 9. Of the types of homonyms, _______ constitute the largest number and are most common.
A. perfect homonyms
B. homophones
C. homographs
D. antonymy
( ) 10. ______ is used in particular discipline and academic areas.
A. Jargon
B. Terminology
C. Slang
D. Argot
( ) 11. The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is ________
A. logical
B. arbitrary, conventional
C. certain
D. objective
( ) 12. Radiation and concatenation are different stages of the development leading to polysemy. Generally, radiation ________ concatenation.
A. is behind
B. precedes
C. is with
D. makes up for
( ) 13. Of the modes of word-meaning changes, ______ are the most common.
A. elevation and transfer
B. narrowing and degradation
C. extension and narrowing
D. degradation and transfer
( ) 14. The chief function of prefixation is to _________.
A. change meanings of the stems
B. change the word-class of the stem
C. change grammatical function
D. all the above
( ) 15. The “house” in “the peasant housed him” belongs to the conversion________.
A. between noun and adjective
B. between noun and verb
C. between verb and adjective
D. none of the above
III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. （每空1分，共10分）
1.When a word is created, it has only one meaning. The first meaning is _______ meaning.
2.Affective meaning expresses the speaker’s ________ towards the person or thing in question.
3.There are four sources of synonyms, namely, _______, dialects and regional English, figurative and euphemistic use
of words, coincidence with idiomatic expressions.
4.Lexical meaning and _______ meaning make up the word meaning.
5.Words can be grouped into______ words and function words by notion.
6.Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of _________ meaning.
7.LDCE is a _________ dictionary.
8.The major changes in word meaning include: extension, narrowing, degradation, ________, transference, and
euphemism.
9.Just as important as the general relationship of oppositeness between words is the relationship of _______, which is
called hyponymy.
10.The number of inflectional affixes is ___________ and stable, which makes English one of the easiest language to
learn.
IV Examine which pairs have correct relations and fill in the brackets with T (for true) or F( for false). （每小题1分，共10分）
( ) 1. apolitical—negative prefix
( ) 2. pseudo-friend—pejorative prefix
( ) 3. anti-nuclear—locative prefix
( ) 4. forearm—prefix of attitude
( ) 5. bilingual—number prefix
( ) 6. mountaineer-- deverbal noun
( ) 7. applicant-- denominal noun
( ) 8. popularity--de-adjective noun
( ) 9. Chinese—noun and adjective suffixes
( ) 10. pear-shaped--adjective suffix
V Study the following words and their meanings: (a) being the original and (b) the modern meaning . Give the
process that each word has undergone in terms of extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation. （每小题2分，共10分）
1) girl : ( )
a. young person of both sex
b. female young person
2) barn: ( )
a. a place for storing only barley
b. a storeroom
3) governor ( )
a. pilot
b. head of a state
4) criticize ( )
a. appraise
b. find fault with
5) wife ( )
a. woman
b. married woman
VI Identify the sense relations of the following pairs of words with the terms in the box. The terms can be repeatedly used. （每小题1分，共15分）
relative synonyms absolute synonyms homophones
complementaries contraries hyponymy
homographs converses
1. son/ sun ___________
2. bow [b?u]n. / bow[bau] n. ____________
3.maid/ girl ___________
4.word-building/ word-formation__________
5.scarlet-fever/ scarlatina____________
6.time/ epoch____________
7.dear/ deer____________
8.boy/ girl____________
9.single/ married____________
10.rich/ poor____________
11.love/hate____________
12.big/ small____________
13.employer/ employee____________
14.give/ receive____________
15. flower/tulip____________
VII Answer the following question (本题10分)
How do you differentiate perfect homonyms from polysemants?
执笔人：戚晖审核人：孙延弢
《英语词汇学》教学大纲
a t i m e a n d A l l t h 《英语词汇学》教学大纲 一、课程名称：英语词汇学 二、课程类别：英语专业限选课 三、教学时数与学分：本课程为34学时, 总学分为2分四、开课时间：本课程安排在第6学期进行五、教学对象：英语专业一年级学生六、教学目的： 通过学习，学生能够了解英语词汇学的基本理论知识，并能用所学的知识去独立思考、分析问题和解决问题。 七、教学内容： 教师授课与学生自学相结合。学生需在教师的指导下阅读有关词汇学书籍。检查学生的阅读质量主要采取由学生复述阅读内容，并对阅读内容中的思想和观点作出个人的评价。教师重点讲解学生在阅读中所遇到的重点和难点。 学生完成基础词汇学理论的学习后，应根据所学词汇学理论知识，在教师的指导下设计、完成自己的学期论文。 Chapter I A General Survey of English Vocabulary Chapter II Morphological Structure of English Words Chapter III Word-Formation (I)Chapter IV Word-Formation (II) Chapter V Word Meaning and Semantic Features Chapter VI Polysemy and Homonymy Chapter VII Sense Relations Between Words Chapter VIII Meaning and Context Chapter IX Changes in Word Meaning Chapter X English Idioms Chapter XI American English Chapter XII English Dictionaries and How to Use Them 八、时间安排：本学期6－13周进行课程的讲授，14周组织学生复习，15周考试。详见下表。 周次日期 星期/节次 讲授内容 备注 第一周月 日 第二周第三周第四周第五周第六周 10.1310.13周五.3.4周五.7.8General survey of English vocabulary; morphological structure of English words 第七周10.20周五.3.4Word-formation(I)第八周 10.2710.27 周五.3.4周五.7.8 Word-formation(II)
词汇学的基本知识
词汇学的基本知识 词汇学是研究词语的学问，它是传统语言学（语法、语音、词汇）的一个分支。词汇学的 主要研究的内容是：词的性质、词的构成、词义的本质及发展、词的各种关系（同音、同 义、反义等）。 一、什么是词 词是有意义的能够独立运用的造句的最小单位，它具有固定的语音形式。汉语词的划分有一 定的困难，因为在书写时词和词之间是不分开的。就“独立运用”而言，许多虚词和量词是 不能独立运用的。于是增加了一条补充，一句话中把能独立运用的词划分出去，剩写的也是词。如：“我把这本书包了个书皮。”这个句子中的“本”“个”和“把”也是词。汉语中词 和短语的界限也不很清楚。一般可以用扩展插入法来区分。能插入的是短语，不能插入的是 词（意义不能变）。比如：钢笔——钢的笔、白菜——白的菜、白布——白的布、吃饭——吃 了饭、鸡蛋——鸡的蛋、睡觉——睡不睡觉。“钢笔”不能插入词，“白菜”插入后意思变了，它们肯定是词。“白布”可以插入且意思不变，可以做为短语。“吃饭”可以插入，“鸡蛋”可 以插入，但“鸡蛋”的频度很高，可以把它做为词。睡觉可以插入，但两个语素的组合是固 定的，把这类词做为离合词（理发、洗澡、打仗等）。 一个语素（有意义的汉字）能独立运用就是词。（米、吃、红、个、从） 两个语素组合后，意义不是它们的简单相加，就是词。（钢笔、金鱼、） 两个语素组合后，不能扩展插入词，就是词。（钢笔，白菜） 两个语素组合后，虽能扩展插入词，但它们是不能用别的语素替换的，则是一种特殊的词 ——离合词。 两个语素组合后，虽能扩展插入词，但它们的使用频度很高，且大家约定俗成认为它是词。（“鸡蛋”是词、“鹰蛋”就有人认为是短语）。 综上所述，汉语的词与短语之间的界限是有模糊地带的。 人们对客观世界的认识形成了概念，词是反映概念的，但它们之间的关系不是一一对应的。 比如，“月亮”、“月球”对应的是一个概念，“人民”这个词可以对应不同的概念。 二、现代汉语词汇的构成 词汇由词和固定的短语——熟语、谚语等构成。 词可以从不同的角度分类： 1.语法分类——实词、虚词（词类） 2.结构分类——单纯词、合成词 3.音节分类——单音节词、多音节词 4.常用——常用词汇（基本词汇）、一般词汇 5.口语词汇——书面词汇 6.普通话词汇——方言词汇 7.汉语词汇——外来语词汇 8.古词语——新词语 熟语可以包括成语、谚语、歇后语等。成语表意凝炼、形象，在书面语中广泛运用。它来源 于古代的典故，有的选取原句中最能概括原句意思的成分（乘风破浪——愿乘长风，破万里浪），有的用四个字概括寓言、故事等（刻舟求剑、狐假虎威），有的增加个别字（短兵相接——车错毂兮短兵接）。成语的意思有的是语素义的简单相加（汗流浃背、无稽之谈、自圆其说）；多数成语的意思不是语素义的相加，有的意思是约定俗成的（高山流水——表示知己知音），有的是取字面的比喻义（水落石出——比喻真相毕露了）。
(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
词汇学复习重点
Terms: 1. lexicology 2. morpheme 3. root 4. derivational affixes 5. affixes 6. compounding 7. blending 8. conversion 9. back formation 10. synonymy 11. homonymy 12. hyponymy Questions: 1. Explain the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means “Frau” in German, “Femme” in French and “Funv” in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /rait/ can mean right, rite and write, though denoting different things, yet have the same sound. 2. Illustrate four types of antonyms with examples. 3. What are allomorphs? Please list the allomorphes of the morpheme{plural} in English. The different morphological or phonetic forms of a morpheme are allomorphs of the morpheme. The noun plural morpheme {plural} in English has a numer of allomorphs, such as [-s] in cats, [-z] in bags, [-iz] in fishes, [-ai] in mice, [-n] in oxen, [-i:] in geese and so on. 4. As language changes over time, the meaning of a word may deviate from its original denotation. Discuss the major types of semantic changes. Major types of semantic changes are semantic broadening, semantic narrowing and semantic shift. Semantic broadening refers to the process in which the meaning of a word becomes more general or inclusive than its historically earlier denotation. Take the word “holiday”for example, the orlder meaning was a “holy day”. Today everyone enjoys a holiday, regardless of religious background. Semantic narrowing is a process in which the meaning of a word becomes less gneral or inclusive than its historically earlier meaning. For example. “wife”used to mean “any woman”, but now it only means “a married female”. Semantic shift is a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning and acquires a new, sometimes related, meaning. For example, the word silly meant “happy”in Old English, and naive in Middle English, but “foolish”in Modern Engilsh. 5. Illustrate four types of synonyms with examples.
英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求
英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求 2000年版《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲（实验修订版）》对词汇量的要求是800个，另外要求400-500个认读词汇，合计1200-1300词。 2000年版《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（实验修订版）》对词汇量的要求是1200个，另外要求750个认读词汇，合计1950词。 根据大学英语教学大纲项目组1996-1997年对大学新生词 汇量的调查，重点大学新生的词汇量约1800-2200，边远民族地区学校新生的词汇量约1400-1600。 据此，新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》把词汇量的起点定为：一级1800词，预备级1200词；四级应达到的词汇量累计4200词，六级应达到的词汇量累计5500词，六级后应达到的词汇量累计6500词。 国内英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求 自20世纪初，清政府实行“新政”，设立新学堂，英语教学就进入了中学课程。1911年民国成立后，中学英语教学得到了发展，并逐步颁布了相应的课程标准。 解放后为规范中学英语教学，教育部制订了相应的课程或大纲。这些英语教学标准或大纲中对词汇量的要求随着时间的推移
和各种各样的原因也不断在变化。这些数字上的变化详见下面的几个表。解放前大学中没有现在的这种大学英语（原称公共英语）性质的课程。故表二无解放前大学英语教学大纲的要求。 表一: 中学教学大纲对词汇量的要求
表二: 大学英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求
表三: 中国英语专业教学大纲词汇量的要求
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