三年高考(2012-2014)英语试题分类解析 情态动词与虚拟语气

2012-2014高考英语试题分类解析

情态动词与虚拟语气

(2014安徽卷)30．People are recycling many things which they______ away in the past.

A. had thrown

B. will be throwing

C. were throwing

D. would have thrown 【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：人们在循环利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测。根据句意可知D正确。

(2014北京卷)27. ______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.

A. Can

B. Must

C. Shall

D. Should

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？用不了多少时间。Can意为“可以”，表示请求、要求、建议等：；must意为“必须，一定”；shall意为“应，会，将，必须”；should 意为“应该”。根据句意可知，空格can I…？表示征求许可。故A正确。

(2014北京卷)34. We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A. are

B. were

C. will be

D. would be

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没丢失地图，现在我们就会在宾馆里了。If引导的条件状语从句中，如果表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中的谓语动词用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。根据句意可知，题中所述内容与现在事实相反。故D正确。(2014湖南卷)22. If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

A. were

B. had been G. should be D. was

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Mr. Dewey在场，他会向那里的人提供任何帮助。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要用“had done”，主句要使用“情态动词+have done”。根据主语的谓语动词形式可知，题干表示与过去的事实相反，所以从句谓语动词用had+过去分词。故B正确。

【语言学习】1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去时(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + 动词原形；

2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去完成时，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might + have done；

3. 表示对将来情况的主观推测，条件状语从句中的谓语用were to do，should +动词原形或用动词的过去式(Be动词用were)，主句中的谓语用should/would/could/might +动词原形。(2014湖南卷)25.—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.

—Do you mean we______ bring anything with us?

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. shan’t

D. needn't

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我已经准备好了野餐的各种食物。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗？can’t意为“不可能，不能”；mustn’t意为“禁止，不可以”；needn’t意为“不必，不需要”。根据句意可知D正确。

(2014江苏卷)31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ______ bring me food.

A. might

B. would

C. should

D. could

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动。句意：让我难为情的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还给我带来了食物。Might意为“可以，或许”；would意为“会，将要，愿意，过去常常做某事”；should意为“应该，竟然”；could意为“能够，可能”。根据句意可知，题中should用于表示惊异、赞叹、不满等的句子中，意为“竟然，竟会”。故C正确。

(2014江西卷)30. Life is unpredictable ; even the poorest ______ become the richest .

A. shall

B. must

C. need

D. might

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。shall意为“将要，必须”；must意为“必须，一定”；need意为“需要”；might意为“也许”。题中信息“Life is unpredictable”表明一切都有可能，所以用might表示可能性。故D正确。(2014全国大纲卷)30. Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.

A. should

B. need

C. must

D. can

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：尽管在伦敦你有时可能找到便宜货，但总得说来也那不是一个购物便宜的地方。should意为“应该，竟然”；need意为“需要”；must意为“必须，非得，偏偏”；can意为“能够，可能，有时会……”。根据句意可知can表示有时可能，有时会……。故D正确。

【语言学习】Bargain物美价廉的商品

At this price the wine is a bargain. 以这个价格，这葡萄酒算是物美价廉了。

(2014陕西卷)23. We would rather our daughter ______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

A. would stay

B. has stayed

C. stayed

D. stay

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿与我们一起女儿待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是孩子了。would rather后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与现在或将来的情况，用一般过去时；如果表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。根据句意可知，空格处是与现在相反的情况，所以用一般过去式。故C正确。

【语言学习】Choice

1. 选择

They had little choice but to agree to what he suggested. 除了同意他的意见，他们别无选择。

2. 所挑选的人或物

Although he was only grumbling, his choice of words made Rodney angry. 尽管他只是在发牢骚，但他所用的字眼却让罗德尼很生气。

(2014陕西卷)25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ______ have taken it?

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. could

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的书The House of Hales不见了。可能是谁拿走了？疑问句中表示可能用情态动词can或could; “情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测。故D 正确。

【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：

①—C atherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could manage it myself.(不必做，但做了)

②—Mike is never late for school. Why is he absent today?

—Something must hav e happened to him.(过去某必定发生了)

③Johson paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(本来能的，但又没那样)

④Mike should have paid more visit to his grandparents. He has been regretting not doing so since they passed away.(本应该，但又没那样)

⑤I s houldn’t have laughed, but I didn’t think you were serious.(本不应该，但那样做了)

⑥My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.(过去不可能做了)

⑦There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come, but why didn’t you?

⑧Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret late.(过去有可能，但没发生)

⑨My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?(过去可能)

⑩The flowers are dead. You might have watered them. (委婉责备)

(2014四川卷)6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.

A. might

B. must

C. would

D. should

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年,那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。Would可表示表示“习惯性动作”，可译为“常会，总是”。根据句意可知，空格处用情态动词would，表示“习惯性动作”。故C正确。

(2014浙江卷)16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ______ to our help.

A. would have come

B. could come

C. have come

D. had come 【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们做调查的几个月里他们不在国外，要不然他们会帮助我们。句中的关键词or(否则)隐含了一个对于过去虚拟的条件句，该条件句为：if the hadn’t been abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation; or后面内容相当于主句，表示对过去虚拟的情况，所以谓语动词用would have come。

【语言学习】隐含虚拟条件句的关键词：or/otherwise, without, but for。

Without your help, the job would have never been completed. 那时候，要是没有您的帮忙，工作便无法完成了。

But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨，我们的假日一定过得很惬意。

We d idn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。

(2014重庆卷)3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.

A. can’t

B. dare not

C. needn’t

D. may not

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我订购了一些比萨,所以当回家很累时我们不必担心做饭。needn’t意为“不心”。根据句意可知C项正确。

【语言学习】Order

1. 命令，指示；嘱咐

I was ordered home. 我奉命回国。

2. 点(菜、饮料等)；叫(出租车)

The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany for $200 each. 这对夫妇从蒂芙尼珠宝店订购了一套新的纯银戒指，每只$200。

3. 定(货)；预定

I've ordered some new dresses for you.我为你定购了几套衣服。

The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany for $200 each. 这对夫妇从蒂芙尼珠宝店订购了一套新的纯银戒指，每只$200。

(2014重庆卷)13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it?

A. had done

B. have done

C. did

D. am doing

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚语气。句意：是约翰谁打破了窗户。你为什么以那样的方式与我讲话,好像我做似的？as if引导的方式状语从句中，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时从句用虚拟语气，从句中动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形。语境表明从句表示与过去事实相反，所以A项正确。

1.【2013陕西21】The children______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.

A. must have got

B. must get

C. should have got

D. should get

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了；否则的话，他们就该按计划在湖边的宿营地了。副词otherwise之前的句子表示推测，之后的句子表示虚拟。must have done 表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，语气强烈。

2.【2013陕西12】My mom suggests that we______ eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should

B. might

C. could

D. would

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。关键词suggest表示建议时，其后的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”。句意：我妈妈建议周末我们应该改变一下外出吃饭。

3.【2013重庆29】—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we_______.

A. hadn’t

B. haven't

C. didn't

D. don't

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句中用过去完成时，主句多用would have done的形式，从句省略了taken，保留了过去完成时的助动词。句意：—早上下大雨。我很高兴带了伞。—是的, 要是没带伞，会浑身湿透。

【语言学习】rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨

When we were well on the way, it began to rain cats and dog. 野餐进行到一半时，天开始下起大暴雨，弄得每个人都湿透了

4.【2013重庆26】—What are you doing this Saturday?

—I’m not sure, but I_______ go to the Rolling Stones concert.

A. must

B. would

C. should

D. might

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。根据“I’m not sure”可知说话者不能确定，用might“有可能”，表示推测。句意：—星期六要做什么? —我不确定,但可能要去滚石乐队的音乐会。

5.【2013辽宁31】Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _____ too much at the party last night.

A. could drink

B. should drink

C. would have drunk

D. must have drunk

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。对过去发生事情的肯定推测用must have done。

6.【2013福建30】—Do you think George has passed the driving test?

—No. If so, he _______ his car to our college yesterday.

A. would drive

B. drove

C. would have driven

D. had driven 【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这样的话（通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们学校了。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。

7.【2013湖南32】He _______ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.

A. w ouldn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. couldn’t

D. mustn’t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。couldn’t不可能。句意：他一直冥思一个主意，尽管他努力睡觉,也不可能入睡。

【语言学习】hunt

We went on a hunt for the lost document. 我们寻找那份丢失的文件。

After decades of being hunted, the whales finally received protection in 1966. 在被猎杀数十年后，蓝鲸终于在1966年受到了保护。

【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：

Is Tom coming by bike?

—He should, but he may not. He likes walking.（可能不）

②—I heard they went skateboarding in the park yesterday?

—It couldn’t be true because the park doesn’t open the whole day yesterday.（不可能）

③Jack, you mustn’t leave all your books on the floor like this!（不准）

④—Cherry doesn’t mind lending you her ruler.

—She needn’t. I’ve already borrowed one.（不必）

8.【2013浙江8】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _______ at the age of six months old.

A. was

B. be

C. were

D. is

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。recommend “推荐，建议”，其后的宾语从句时应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，空格处省略了should。句意：眼科医生建议孩子在六个月大的年龄进行第一次眼科检查。

【语言学习】recommend

1. 推荐，荐举

She recommended us another restaurant. 她向我们推荐了另一家饭馆。

He recommended Mr. Smith as a good teacher. 他称赞史密斯先生是位好教师。

2. 劝告；建议

He recommended me to change my way of life. 他劝我改变生活方式。

I recommend that you resign as soon as possible. 我建议你尽快辞职。

9.【2013浙江3】I _______ myself more—it was a perfect day.

A. shouldn’t have enjoyed

B. needn’t have enjoyed

C. wouldn’t have enjoyed

D. couldn’t have enjoyed

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。情态动词否定式couldn’t与比较级more搭配表达最高级；couldn’t 表推测“不可能”。句意：这是完美的一天，不可能比今天更高兴了。

10.【2013江西29】When I was a child, I _______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.

A. should

B. could

C. must

D. need

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。could能够。句意：小孩时，每当我想看电视时都能够看。should 应该，must必须，need需要。

11.【2013新课标I卷29】The door_______ open , no matter how hard she pushed.

A. shouldn’t

B. couldn't

C. wouldn't

D. mightn't

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”，情态动词would（will）可表示一种其固有的特性或常发生的事。句意：不管怎样推门，就是打不开。

【语言学习】push

1. 推，用力推进

He pushed me, and I fell into the water. 他推了我一下，我便掉到水里去了。

2 促进，催促，逼迫，催逼

be pushed for time感到时间紧迫

Every time she pushed me too hard, I thought to myself that she must regret treating me like that. 每次她逼我逼得太紧，我总是会想她一定会后悔的。

12.【2013新课标II卷6】Since nobody gave him any help, he_______ have done the research on his own.

A. can

B. must

C. would

D. need

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：由于没人帮他，他定是一个人做的调查研究。情态动词must have done对过去发生事情的推测，语气很肯定。

13.【2013安徽34】It_______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.

A. may

B. couldn’t

C. should

D. needn’t

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。couldn’t不可能。句意：因为你认识很多单词，所以在练习中不可能是词汇给你造成了这个问题。

14.【2013安徽28】I_______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.

A. went

B. had gone

C. would go

D. would have gone

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：昨晚我本想参加表亲的生日聚会，但时间。would have gone 表示对过去的情况的推测。

【语言学习】available

1. Yesterday Mr. Smith told me to come for a job interview this morning. Is he available now? 昨天史密斯先生通知我今天早上来面试，他现在有时间吗？

2. Your class will have some other facilities available to you. 这个类将有一些其他的工具提供给您。

15.【2013天津14】If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he_______ able to speak it much better now.

A. will be

B. would be

C. has been

D. would have been 【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。条件句虚拟语气的用法，从句时间为before，谈及对过去情况，用过去完成时；主句时间为now，对现在的虚拟，用“would+动词原形”。句意：如果他之前花了更多的时间练习说英语,现在就讲得更好了。

16.【2013天津9】No one_______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.

A. could

B. must

C. dare

D. need

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。can’t/ couldn’t不可能；否定词与more连用表示最高级。句意：不可能有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗善良心。

【语言学习】generous

Mr. Liang is a generous man. 梁先生是位宽宏大量的人。

They have made generous response to the appeals for funds. 他们对募集资金的呼吁作出了慷慨的响应。

17.【2013北京35】—You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.

—Well, I don’t know. It _______ do.

A. might

B. need

C. would

D. should

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—没必要雨伞，不会下雨。—不清楚，可能下雨句意表明是否是不能肯定的事，故用might表推测。

18.【2013北京34】If we _______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A. have booked

B. booked

C. book

D. had booked

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里排队了。if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。

【语言学习】book的用法。

1. 预订，预定(房间、车票、船票、机票、戏票等)

We booked two tables at our favourite restaurant.我们在我们特别喜爱的餐馆预订了两张桌子。We booked several flights just to be sure.我们预订了几个航班以便确定。

2. 为…预订(座位、房间、车票、船票、机票等)

She booked me a seat.她给我订了个席位。

The travel agent booked our vacation cruise.旅行社的人预订了我们假期的船票。

【语言学习】虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

注: 1. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

2. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。

19.【2013四川5】—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. won’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—你眼睛为什么很红? 昨晚肯定没睡好。—我熬夜写报告。can’t have done“不可能做过某事”，对过去事情的推测。needn’t have done“本没必要做的事，却做了”。

【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关用法：

①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

—Thanks. You needn’t have done it. I could manage it myself.(不必做，但做了)

②—Mike is never late for school. Why is he absent today?

—Something must have happened to him.(过去某必定发生了)

③Johson paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.(本来能的，但又没那样)

④Mike should have paid more visit to his grandparents. He has been regretting not doing so since they passed away.(本应该，但又没那样)

⑤I shouldn’t have laughed, but I didn’t think you were serious.(本不应该，但那样做了)

⑥My sister met him at Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.(过去不可能做了)

⑦There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come,but why didn’t you?

⑧Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she might have said something she would regret late.(过去有可能，但没发生)

⑨My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?(过去可能)

⑩The flowers are dead. You might have watered them. (委婉责备)

【2012天津卷8】It’s quite warm here; we _______ turn the heating on yet.

A. couldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. wouldn’t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。needn’t不必。句意：这里很暖和,我们还没必要开暖气。

【2012江西卷22】We_______ have bought so much food now that Suzie w on’t be with us for dinner.

A. may not

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. mustn’t

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，就不必要买如此多的食物。may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能，mustn't绝不可能。故选B。

【语言学习】请体会下列句子中的有关情态动词否定式的用法：

Is Tom coming by bike?

—He should, but he may not. He likes walking.（可能不）

②—I heard they went skateboarding in the park yesterday?

—It couldn’t be true because the park doesn’t open the whole day yesterday.（不可能）

③Jack, you mustn’t leave all your books on the floor like this!（不准）

④—Cherry doesn’t mind lending yo u her ruler.

—She needn’t. I’ve already borrowed one.（不必）

【2012陕西卷】17. If may car _______ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

A. was

B. had been

C. should be

D. would be

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，

【2012陕西卷23】I _______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

A. won’t

B. can’t

C. can

D. will

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。can’t/ couldn’t …too…定句型，“表示“再……也不为过”。句意：我们不家时，帮助我儿子，对你的帮助我们再怎样感谢也不为过。

【2012北京卷33】We _______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?

A. should face

B. might face

C. could have faced

D. must have faced

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。could have done本来能做成的（却没做成）。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?

【2012北京卷35】Don’t handle the vase as if it _______ made of steel.

A. is

B. were

C. has been

D. had been

【答案】B。

【解析】考查虚拟语气。as if或as though引导的状语从句中，谈及与现在事实相反的情况谓语动词用一般过去式，谈及与过去事实相反的情况谓语动词用“had十过去分词”。题中谈及与现在事实相反的情况。

【2012全国II17】I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.

A. can

B. might

C. would

D. need

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词。can “能”，表示“能力”。句意：如我能找到钱，我要和约翰一起去欧洲度假。

【2012天津卷15】We wouldn’t have calle d a taxi yesterday if Harold _______ us a ride home.

A. didn’t offer

B. wouldn’t offer

C. hasn’t offered

D. hadn’t offered

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明题中信息是对过去情况的一种假设。

【2012全国新课程30】I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.

A. couldn't

B. mustn't

C. shouldn't

D. needn't

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。“needn’t +do”表示没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。

【2012山东卷】30. If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

A. haven’t made

B. wouldn’t make

C. didn’t make

D. hadn’t made

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此成功。

考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表

【2012福建卷31】We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_______ more places of interest yesterday.

A. visited

B. had visited

C. would visit

D. would have visited

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。前半句讲过去的事实，题中信息词yesterday可知otherwise引起的后半句是用对过去的虚拟，所以用would have visited。

【2012四川卷19】I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _______ do in China.

A. must

B. might

C. can

D. should

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我靠他们足够近，能听见他们说汉语，我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。

【2012江苏卷35】— Happy birthday! —Thank you! It’s the best present I_______ for.

A. should have wished

B. must have wished

C. may have wished

D. could have wished

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。could have wished可能希望。句意：—生日快乐！—谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好礼物了。should have wished本应郗望而实际并非如此；must have wished 一定希望；may have wished也许希望。

【2012江苏卷28】Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_______ say where he was.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. wouldn't

D. mightn't

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。wouldn’t不愿意。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；mightn’t或许不。

【2012安徽卷31】Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she_______ there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. having asked

D. Were to live

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明题中信息是对将来情况的一种假设。

—Sorry, Sir, but it’s urgent.

A. Can

B. Should

C. Must

D. Would

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—现在你一定要打断我吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？—对不起，先生，但事情很急。根据句意，C选项符合语境。

【2012辽宁卷24】One of our rules is that every student_______ wear school uniform while at school.

A. might

B. could

C. shall

D. will

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。Shall用于法律、法规、公文、条约、规章中，表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称。句意：根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。

【考点分析】情态动词shall是考查重点，近年来许多省市的高考试题中多次考查该考点，要注意掌握它的三个基本用法。

【考点解读】

请做以下试题（先练习后归纳）：

①“The interest _______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.

A. may

B. should

C. must

D. shall

答案：D。

②He _______ come and worry her with questions, just when she was busy cooking the dinner!

A. must

B. can

C. shall

D. will

答案：A。must表示不受欢迎或不需要做的事，可译为“偏偏”。

③—Excuse me, but I want to use your dictionary to look up some new words in the passage? —You _______ have my dicti onary if you don’t take good care of it.

A. may not

B. shan’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

答案：B。

④（2006北京25）—What’s your name?

—Kulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?

A. Shall

B. Would

C. Can

D. Might

答案：A。

注意如下有关此考点的三个用法总结：

(1) shall用于法律、法规、公文、条约、规章中，表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称，如例①；

(2) shall用于二、三人称，表示警告、允诺、强迫、威胁、决心、意图等，如例③；

(3) Shall用于第一、三人称，征求对方意见，如例④。

【2012湖南29】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A. have had

B. had had

C. have

D. had

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。语境表明句中信息是对现在情况的一种假设。

He went out for an outing accompanied by his dog. 他带着狗一同去郊游了。