(完整版)情态动词与虚拟语气

(完整版)情态动词与虚拟语气
(完整版)情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气

【语法要点】

情态动词

所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用

作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。

一、情态动词的类型

1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to

2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare

3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would

二、情态动词的特征

1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。

2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。

3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。

三、情态动词的用法

1.表示能力

(1)表示现在的能力,用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功

的做成某事”用be able to。

(2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。

(3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。

2.表示推测、可能性

(1)can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。

例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days.

(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表:

情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式

must 必定、必然、一定

will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗?

would 可能性较will 小不会、不该(较won’t 弱)会,,吗?(较will 弱)

should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果)

ought to 与should 同义

can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗?

could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t 同义)有可能吗?(较can 弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不

might 或许、可能(较may 弱)可能不(较may not 弱)

注意→(1)may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。

(2)can 常用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

(3)would、could、should、might 并不一定与过去时间有关,而是表示可能性弱于其相对应的现

在时形式。

3.表示请求、允许、允诺

(1)当你(们)代表你(你们)自己(I 、we)或第三者(he、she、they)向对方(you)即决策者请示或提出建议时,使

用:

①shall/may/might/can/could I/We??

②Shall he(she/they)??

③Would/Will/Could/Can yo u??

could、might 、would 并不表示过去时间,而表示更委婉的语气。在回答could/might 客气的请求时,肯定回答用can/may。否定回答用No, I am afraid not. 。

(2)当自己(I )作为决策者,给对方(you)或第三者(he、she、they)以命令、警告、允诺或威胁时,以及在宣布法律、规定时,使用shall。

4.表示必要性

(1)must 表示必要性,意为“必须”

“must+动词原形”表示现在或将来必须做某事。

“don’t have to、don’t need to、needn’t to+动词原形”表示现在或将来不必做某事。

“needn’t have done sth.”表示过去本没有必要做某事,但事实上已做过了。

“didn’t have /need to+动词原形”表示过去本没有必要做某事。而实际上也没有做。

(2)should 表示必要性,意为(义务上)应该,语气较

m ust 弱。

“should+动词原形”表示现在或将来应该做某事(的必要性)

“should+have+过去分词”表示过去本应该做某事(的必要性),但实际过去未做。

5.情态动词+have done 用法一览:

情态动词+have done 用法

must have done 对过去已发生行为的肯定推测,意为:一定已做了某事。

can’t have done 对过去已发生行为的否定推测,意为:过去不可能发生过某事。

Ca n?have done? 对过去已发生行为的怀疑,意为:有,,可能吗?。

用于肯定句表示:可能已经

,,,还可表示过去存在的可能性,但

could have done 过去并未实现,意为:本来可以,,。用于否定句或疑问句中时与can’t

have done/c a n?have done?的意义相同,但语气稍弱。

may/might have done

对过去已发生行为的没有把握的推测,意为:也许已经/没有,,,

一般只用于肯定句或否定句,不用于疑问句,might 语气更加不肯定。

might have done

过去本来可能,,,但实际并未发生过。还可表示:本来应该或可以做,,,含轻微的责备语气。注意不能用may。

用于肯定句表示过去本应该做某事,而实际上未做。用于否定句表should/ought to have done

示过去本不该做某事,而实际上做了。

needn’t have done 本来不必做某事,而实际已做了。

would rather have done 宁愿过去做了或没做某事,两者都表示后悔。

would like/love to have done 过去本愿意或本打算做某事,而实际未做成。

6.情态动词的其他用法

(1)cannot 及never 等否定词与enough、too 连用表示再

,,也不过分。

例如:You cannot be careful enough. 你无论多细心也不为过。

(2)may well+动词原形,意为:完全能,很可能,大可,, 。may as well = had better 最好may as well+动词原形+as+动词原形,意为:与其,, 不如;最好,, 不要。

例如:You may well say so. 你当然可以这样讲。

We may as well stay where we are. 我们最好是留在原处。

You might as well throw your money away as lend it to him 。你要借给他钱,不如把钱扔了。

(3)should 的其它用法。请看下面的句子:

1)I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。

2)You are mistaken , I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。

3)This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。

以上例句表明:情态动词should 用于第一人称可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

should 还可以用在if 引导的条件从句,意为“万一”。从句谓语由should+动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。例如:

4)Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。

5)If you should change your mind , please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。

why/ how +should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等,意为:竟会,怎么会,, 。例如:Why should you be so late today? 你竟然来的这么晚?How should I know? 我怎么会知道。

(4)must 表示偏要,硬要做某事。例如:If you must know , I ’m twice my son’s age.

(5)dare 的用法

1)dare 用作情态动词和动词原形连用,没有人称和数的变化。多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句

中,用于一般现在时和一般过去时。(过去式dared,否定式dare/ dared not do)2)dare 用作实义动词(后跟不定式、不定式多带to)。(否定式do/ does/ did not dare to do)例如:The litter girl dare not go out in the dark at night.

I dare say. (我敢说、可能、或许)

(6)当用于各种人称时,will 和would 不仅可以将来时,而且可以表示有做某事的意图、意愿、

决心、或打算。

(7)shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

例如:When shall we be able to leave the hospital?

(8)shall 用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例如:

You shall fail if you don ’t work harder . ( 警告)

He shall have the book when I finish reading. ( 允诺)

He shall be punished. ( 威胁)

虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语

动词的特殊形式来表示。

(一)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。

虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式:

条件状语从句(if)(以do 为例)主句

与现在事实相反did(be→were)would/should/could/might do

与过去事实相反had done would/should/could/might have done

A:did(w ere)

与将来事实相反B:were to do would/should/could/might do

C:should do

例如:

If I were you, I should study English.

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn ’t have failed in the examination.

If you come tomorrow , we would have the meeting.

If it were to rain tomorrow , the meeting would be put off.

4.不定式的完成时可表达与过去事实相反的假设。例如:

To have studied harder, you would have passed the exam.

5.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所

表示的时间来调整。例如:

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now . (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)

6.以上句型可以转换成下列形式。例如:

1)省略if , 用“were、had、should+主语”。

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

2)用介词短语等代替条件状语从句(without 、but for、otherwise、or、but 等)。例如:

Without air, there would be no living things.

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

3)用其它方式表示。例如:

It would produce bad results to do that. =If you have done that, it would produce bad results.

(二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句

4.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用did(be →were);表示过去不能实现的愿望时用had done或could/would +have done;表示将来不能实现的

愿望用would/could do。例如:

I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

注意→would rather +宾语从句表示一种主观愿望。例如:

I would rather you came to my party tomorrow .

I would rather you had not gone there. 你要是没去那里就好了。

7. 虚拟语气在某种欲望的动词arrange、command、demand、desire、insist、order、propose、request、require、sugges(t 建议)、advise、prefer、agree、expect、intend、recommend、ask、decide、object、persist、determine、urge 等后面的宾语从句中用“( should)+ 动词原形”。例如:We insisted that they ( should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that they ( should) stay in bed for a few days.

注意→①当insist 意为“坚持认为”时宾语从句用陈述语气。当insist 意为“坚决要求”时宾语

从句用虚拟语气。例如:Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

②suggest作“暗示”讲用真实时态,如:The white look on his face suggested that he was ill.

(三)虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

作advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request 等名词的表语从句和同

位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“( should)+ 动词原形”。例如:

We all agreed to his suggestion that we( should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

My idea is that we ( should) do exercises first.

(四)虚拟语气在as if ( as though) 、even if ( even though) 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用

如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时,指现在状况,则用过去时,指将来则用过去将

来时。例如:

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.

Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.

(五)虚拟语气用于主语从句

在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构,表示惊讶、不相信、

惋惜、理应如此等。例如:

It is necessary ( important 、natural 、essential、urgent、surprising,etc) that we should clean the room everyday.

It was a pity ( a shame、no wonder , etc) that you should be so careless.

It will be desired ( suggested、decided、ordered、requested、proposed,etc) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

在上述三种主语从句中,should 意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所

用动词的时态不限。这种表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。

反之,that 从句也可用陈述语气。例如:It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.

( 六) 虚拟语气用于定语从句

这种从句常在It is ( high) time ( that) , 句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,意为“(现在)该,, ”。例如:It is ( high) time we left.

(七)虚拟语气用于If/ If only / suppose/ supposing/ Oh, that/ Would( that)/ Would to

God( that)/ Wish to Heaven( that) 等+主语的句中,其后的宾语也分为现在时(be—were,do—did),过去时(had +p.p.),将来时(would/ should/ could+动词原形)。如:

Would that I were young again! 我要是能返老还童就好了!

If only I knew the answer! 我要是知道答案就好了!

Suppose/ Supposing it were fine tomorrow, I would go swimming with you.

WORD文档谢谢.

谢谢.

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 (1)表示现在的能力,用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 (2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 (3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 (1)can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days. (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表: 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗? would 可能性较will 小不会、不该(较won’t 弱)会,,吗?(较will 弱) should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果) ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗? could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t 同义)有可能吗?(较can 弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能(较may 弱)可能不(较may not 弱) 注意→(1)may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 (2)can 常用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案

@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ) 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案

专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29.—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了,我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能,可以,也许;B. can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare敢,胆敢.结合句意,故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词,这里考查的是语气的强度,在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:没有他战时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历,可知表示对于过去的否定猜测,故主句

情态动词与虚拟语气

一.情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词:表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测(可能性) 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的(理论的)可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生,此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性,而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性: (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,may, must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句(may not 表示“可能不”);can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关,而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时,表示确定或可能有的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时,你代表你(们)自己(I, we),或代表第三者(he she they)向对方(you)请示或提 出建议时用:

2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注

Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度,婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope

情态动词和虚拟语气

要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。

,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法

【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to

情态动词和虚拟语气

谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to

5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。

(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气

“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点: 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢? 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事?

情态动词和虚拟语气

高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.

2019年高考英语真题专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气

三年(2017-2019)年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较:It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.

2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---情态动词和虚拟语气

2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较:It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本

情态动词和虚拟语气

第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

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