高二英语Unit21学案
Unit 21 Human Biology
Warm up
1.circulate vt.&vi. (使)循环，（使）流通
原句展示：With each beat, it circulates 80 ml of blood through the body.(听力材料)
心脏每跳一下，就使80毫升的血液在体内循环。
eg. Swimming helps to get the blood circulating through the muscles.游泳有助于血液在肌肉间循环。
Ceiling fans circulated warm air around the room. 天花板风扇使暖气循环到房间各个角落。
2.pump vt. （用泵）抽出，注入（液体、气体等）
原句展示：It pumps blood into the lungs.(听力材料) 它把血液泵入肺中。
eg.They planned to pump water into the lake from the well. 他们计划从井中抽水注入湖中。3.digest vt. 1）消化（食物）
eg. Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.
大多数婴儿能容易地消化多种食物。
2）理解，领悟，消化eg. I struggled to digest t he news.我费力地琢磨那条新闻的意思。Lesson 1
1.abuse vt. 滥用（职权）
eg. Williams abused his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends.
威廉斯滥用自己的市长权利，任用了不少朋友。
2.tolerate vt.容忍，容许，宽容
eg. Many workers said that they couldn’t tolerate the long hours.
许多工人都说他们无法忍受长时间的工作。
3. “寻找，探索”seek
【语境展示】仔细阅读下列句子，注意seek在不同语境中的用法。
1. You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
2. We are seeking methods to protect our environment at present.
3. He sought to speak to her.
4. Mr. Zhao is seeking for a solution to the problem.
5. Early editions of Shakespeare’s plays are much sought after by collectors.
6. While he was at the library, Steve decided to seek out some information on accommodation in the area.
【及时点拨】
seek vt&vi. (sought,sought)
vt.征求(意见)(如句1)；请求(帮助)(如seek help)；寻找，探索(如句2)”。
vi. seek to do sth试图/企图做某事( 如句3)
seek for寻求（如句4）
seek after(多用于被动)寻求，设法得到（如句5）
seek out(强调结果)挑选出，找出（如句6）
【小试】根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。
1. 她昨天找出了她早期的所有绘画作品。(seek out)
2. 他总是寻求机会促进他的事业发展。(seek for, advance)
3. 他们现在试图误导我们。(seek to do sth.)
4. 我们应该征求老师们的意见。(seek作及物动词)
5. 目前，我们正探索发展会员的新途径。(seek作及物动词)
Key:
1. She sought out all her early paintings yesterday.
2. He is always seeking for opportunities to advance his career.
3. They are seeking to mislead us now.
4. We should seek the teachers’ opinions.
5. We are currently seeking new ways of expanding our membership.
4.in vain 徒然，白费力气（作状语或表语）
eg. He tried to recite the text, but in vain. = He tried in vain to recite the text.
Their efforts were not in vain. 他们的努力没有白费。
5. at random随便地，随意地
eg. The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。
6.oppose vt 反对，阻碍
oppose sth. ( 尤指采取行动)反对，反抗（某事）
be opposed to (doing) sth. 1) 反对2）与……相对
eg. They opposed the new tax law.他们反对新税法。
She is very much opposed to your going abroad.她很反对你出国。
[改错]：I am very much opposed to permit him to go alone. (permit permitting)
7. at all costs 不管多大代价，无论如何（= at any cost）
Eg. We must win at all costs.我们无论如何都要赢。
The government wanted to avoid war at all costs. 政府想不惜一切代价来避免战争。
8.catch sb. doing sth. 结构小结
catch sb. doing sth.结构，表示“碰上、撞见、发现某人做某事”。它的被动形式为：sb.be caught doing sth.。
【小试】翻译下列句子。
1. 她考试作弊被抓到了。
2. 他环顾四周，发现一个男人正把手伸进一个乘客的口袋。
Key:
1. She was caught cheating in the exam.
2. He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
9.旧词“新”义
【观察】下面这些划线单词都是同学们熟悉的老朋友了，仔细阅读并观察，看看它们在不同语境中分别是什么意思以及词性有何不同。
1. A. She won the race with a personal best of 2 minutes 22 seconds.
B. This is the best meal I’ve ever had.
2. A. They have set a ceiling on pay rises.
B. She lay on her back staring up at the ceiling.
3. A. I found myself making lame excuses about how I really needed this book for my exams.
B. He was aware that she was lame in one leg.
4. A. She was of slim build with short, dark hair.
B. The tention and excitement built gradually all day.
C. They’re building new houses by the river.
5. A. She is good at 100-meter dash.
B. She dashed off to keep an appointment.
C. When the door opened, there was a mad dash for seats.
1. A. __________ B. ___________
2. A. __________ B. ___________
3. A. __________ B. ___________
4. A. __________ B. ___________ C. ___________
5. A. __________ B. ___________ C. ___________
Key:
1. A. n. 最好成绩 B. adj. 最好的
2. A. n. 上限B. n. 天花板
3. A. adj. 站不住脚的 B. adj. 瘸的，跛的
4. A. n. 体格，身材B. v. 逐渐增强 C. v. 建造
5. A. n. 短跑B. v. 猛冲 C. n. 猛冲
难句解析
Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. (P34) 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题，也是其他任何一项体育项目中存在的问题。在这些体育项目中，运动员们为了取得超常体育成绩而铤而走险、准备欺骗。
本句是not only ... but also ... 结构的变体形式，整句话可以理解为：Doping is not only a problem in athletics, but also part (= a problem) of every sport where ...。在本句中，not only ... it is (but also) ... 连接句子的表语（a problem和part of ...）；引导词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词sport。
注意：
1. not only ... but also ... 句型一般只省略also, 但在连接句子时，有时也可见到省略but甚至but also的情形。例如：
Not only was I tired, I was also cold. （省去了but）
George not only made an important friend, he also learned about the frontier. （省去了but）
Not only has she been an excellent doctor in the hospital, she has been a better wife at home than I’ll never be.（省去了but also）
2. where的先行词可以是有地点含义的抽象名词。例如：
I work in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
There are cases where the word“mighty” is used as an adverb.
Lesson 2
1.“款待”treat
【语境展示】辨一辨treat在下列句子中的意思。
1. He treated the animal cruelly.
2. She treated herself to a new hat.
3. His wounds were well treated in the army hospital.
4. I will treat you to lunch this time.
5. The police are treating his death as a case of murder.
Key:
1. 对待
2. 买……
3. 治疗
4. 请客
5. 把……视为
【用法小结】treat 比较常用的结构有：
treat+名词治疗（病人、疾病）
treat ... as ...把……视为……
treat sb. / oneself to sth. 招待/款待/请某人/自己吃/享受……
【拓展】treat 也可以作名词，用在交际用语中。例如：
This is my treat. 这次我请客。
a Dutch treat 各自付费的聚餐(或娱乐活动)
【小试】翻译下列句子。
1. 我们把英语老师当作朋友。
2. 我想请你吃个冰淇淋。
3. 我要好好享受一次日光浴。
Key:
1. We treat our English teacher as a friend.
2. I want to treat you to an ice cream.
3. I will treat myself to a sunbath.
2.“物质”matter
【复习巩固】
我们以前学过matter作为动词的用法，意为“要紧，有重大影响”。例如：It doesn’t matter if I miss the train, because I can walk there.
我要是误了这趟火车也不要紧,因为我可以走路去那里。
在本课中，matter的意思为“物质”。例如：
The universe is made up of matter.
宇宙是由物质组成的。
想一想matter作为名词时还有其他的意思吗？
【试一试】阅读下列句子，注意matter在句中的用法，并从a-c 中找出与划线部分相对应的释义。
1. I don’t discuss private matters w ith my colleagues.
2. Everything we can see and touch is made up of matter.
3. The boy makes some decisions of little matter.
a. 事情
b. 重要，重大，要紧(事)
c. 物质
Key: 1. a 2. c 3. b
【拓展】matter作为名词可以构成这样一些常用的短语：
as a matter of fact 事实上，说真的
to make matters worse 使事情更糟的是
a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事情
难句解析
1. We are privileged to have biology expert, Prof. Keane, with us to tell us a bit about our brains. (听力材料)
我们很荣幸邀请到生物学专家柯恩教授来给我们讲讲有关大脑的知识。
句型be privileged to do sth.表示“很荣幸做某事”, 相当于be honoured to do sth.。
【小试】翻译下列句子。
1. 我们很荣幸欢迎您今晚来讲演。
2. 我很荣幸能在这个重要的时期承担起经理的职责。
Key:
1. We are privileged to welcome you as our speaker this evening.
2. I feel very privileged to be taking on the job of the manager at such an important time.
2. So what is this organ we can’t live without? (听力材料)
这个我们不可或缺的器官是什么呢？
句中的can’t live without字面意思是“没有……就活不下去”，但在实际使用中其翻译是很灵活的。例如：
I can’t live without tea! 我不能一天不喝茶！
We all know they can’t live without each other.
我们都知道他们两个离不开彼此。
Man can’t live without air and water.
人离开空气和水就不能活。
【拓展】live with表示“和……住在一起”或“容忍、忍受”，译法也较灵活。例如：He lives with his parents. 他跟他的父母住在一起。
Many politicians find such laws difficult to live with.
许多政治家难以容忍这样的法律。
You must live with the fact that you are no longer as strong as you were.
你得承认，你已经不像过去那样健壮了。
短语动词及其基本类型
在现代英语中, 某些动词+ 副词或介词, 构成短语动词, 产生新的意义, 应根据语境判断其意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词, 有的则相当于不及物动词。
短语动词有以下三种基本类型：
1．动词+ 副词
1）作及物动词。例如：
It isn’t easy to make out his ideas．
弄懂他的种种想法是不容易的。
（make out = understand）
You can’t take me in like that．
你不能那样欺骗我。
2）作不及物动词。例如：
Something unexpected has turned up．
意外情况出现了。（turn up = appear）
A fire broke out during the night．
夜间突然发生了火灾。（break out ＝start suddenly）
3）既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。例如：
The barrel of gunpowder blew up．
（不及物）火药桶爆炸了。
The soldiers blew up the bridge．
（及物）士兵们把桥炸毁了。
2．动词+ 介词
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是放在介词后面。例如：
I don’t much care for television．
我不是很喜欢看电视。（care for = like）
He looked into the box．
他检查了箱子。
注意：在构成被动语态时，短语动词中动词和介词不能分离。例如：
All the kids have been carefully looked after by their grandmother．
所有孩子一向由奶奶精心照料。
The dog was nearly run over by a car．
这条狗差点被汽车辗着了。
3．动词+ 副词+ 介词
这类短语动词词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后。例如：We must work hard to make up for lost time．
我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。
（make up for ＝compensate）
The doctor told me to cut down on smoking．
医生告诉我少抽烟。（cut down on ＝reduce）
【高考链接】
1. She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to _____. (重庆2007)
A. turn to
B. look for
C. deal with
D. talk about
2. The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit wa s _____ on the radio yesterday. (福建2007)
A. turned out
B. found out
C. given out
D. carried out
3. We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _____ violence.(浙江2007)
A. runs into
B. comes from
C. leads to
D. begins with
4. If the firms failed to make enough money, they would _____. (湖北2007)
A. close down
B. call off
C. turn down
D. set off
5. —Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much.
—If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _____ to three fifty. (安徽2006) A. come down B. take down C. turn over D. go over Key: 1-5 ACCAA
Lesson 3词语点击
1.“禁止” prohibit
【观察】仔细阅读下列各句，观察prohibit在不同语境中的用法。
1. Many firms prohibit smoking in their offices.
2. Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.
3. His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming a pilot.
【及时点拨】
prohibit作“禁止”、“阻止，使不可能”解时，后接名词或动词-ing形式。prohibit sb. from doing sth.或pro hibit sb.’s doing sth.表示“禁止、阻止某人做某事”，相当于prevent sb. from (doing) sth.。
【小试】根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 他的家庭经济情况不容许他上大学。
His family finances __________________ to college.
2. 雨天和大雾妨碍了飞行。
Rainy weather and fog __________________.
3. 他的身高使他不可能成为一名警察。
His height __________________ a policeman.
Key:
1. prohibited him from going / prohibited his going
2. prohibited flying
3. prohibited him from becoming / prohibited his becoming
“挤、压”press
【语境展示】辨一辨press在下列句子中的词性及意思。
1. Just press this button, and you’ll start the engi ne.
2. He gives the button another press.
3. The press has been invited to a meeting to hear the President’s speech.
Key: 1. vt. 按，压 2. n. 按，压 3. n. 媒体
【联想】
pressure n. 压力。例如：
We should learn how to handle pressure in the job.
我们应该学会如何处理工作中的压力。
旧词“新”义
【观察】下列每组句子中的划线单词都是同学们熟悉的老朋友了，仔细阅读并观察，看看它们在不同语境中的词性及意思。
1. A. We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident.
B. I draw my chair up closer to the fire.
C. The figures in the distance seemed to be drawing closer.
2. A. The body’s defences against disease are weakened by hunger.
B. He gave his life in defence of his country.
3. A. We must prevent the disease striking again.
B. Air traffic controllers are threatening to go on strike.
C. He struck the table with his fist.
4. A. The report underlines the importance of pre-school education.
B. All the technical words have been underlined in red.
5. A. The road and the canal are parallel to each other.
B. It is possible to draw a parallel between their experience and ours.
C. This is a level of achievement that has never been paralleled.
1. A. __________ B. ___________ C. ___________
2. A. __________ B. ___________
3. A. __________ B. ___________ C. ___________
4. A.__________ B. ___________
5. A. __________ B. ___________ C. ___________
Key:
1. A. v. 得出，吸取 B. v. 拖；拉
C. v. （向某个方向) 移动
2. A. n. 防御能力 B. n. 保卫，守护
3. A. v. 侵袭；爆发 B. n. 罢工 C. v. 打；击
4. A. v. 强调；突现 B. v. 在下面划线
5. A. adj. 平行的 B. n. 相似之处
C. v. 与……媲美，比得上
难句解析
1. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.（P38）
西班牙流感，在18个月的时间里夺去了多达5000万人的生命，该病易于侵袭年轻力壮的人而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。
该句是一个简单句，主干结构是“the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history”, 它的句式是：sth. is believed to be ... （某事被认为是……），即：the Spanish Flu是句子的主语，不定式的完成式to have been the ... 作主语补足语。现在分词的完成式having killed ... 在句中作时间状语，表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前；with的复合结构with a tendency to strike ... 在句中作伴随状语。
2. Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus. (P39)
许多人担心它(禽流感)会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
这是一个复合句，前半句“Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic”是主句，后半句是由as引导的时间状语从句。在这个时间状语从句中，“scientists proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus”是主句，“who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu”是定语从句修饰scientists，在这个定语从句中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰people。
Communication workshop词语点击
1.“剥夺”rob
【语境展示】阅读下列句子，注意rob在下列语境中的用法。
1. She was robbed of her purse on the bus.
2. The pain robbed him of sleep.
3. The child was robbed of an opportunity to see her mother.
【及时点拨】
从以上的例句中可观察出，rob意为“抢劫（如句1）；使丧失，非法剥夺（如句2和句3）”。它常用于结构“rob sb. of sth.”中。
【拓展】
我们以前学过的steal这个词则是指“偷”，常用的结构为：steal sth. from sb. / some place。
【小试】从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. A policeman saw two thieves ______ a mobile phone from a girl on the bus and he caught them at once.
A. to steal
B. stealing
C. to rob
D. robbing
2. The man who ______ the bank ______ 30 thousand dollars was caught yesterday.
A. stole; from
B. robbed; of
C. stole; of
D. robbed; from
Key: 1. B 2. B
2.“装备” equip
【语境展示】阅读下列句子，注意equip在下列语境中的用法。
1. The soldiers are equipped with the latest weapons.
2. Your education will equip you to earn a good living.
3. The course aims to equip people with the skills necessary for a job.
4. The seamen equipped a ship for a voyage.
【及时点拨】
equip作动词, 意为“装备，配备（如句1和句4）；使有准备，使有能力（如句2 和句3）”。
常用结构有：be equipped with sth.
equip sb. / sth. (with sth.) (for sth.)
【拓展】
to be fully / specially / poorly equipped 装备完善/ 独特/ 简陋
equipment为名词，作“设备，器材”讲时，是不可数名词。
【小试】根据汉语提示用equip的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. 明年我们要让所有学校配上新计算机。
We shall ______ all schools ______ new computers in the next year.
2. 此培训旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
The training is designed to ______ students ______ a career in nursing.
3. 这个房间装有空调设备。
The room ________ air conditioning.
Key: 1. equip; with 2. equip; for 3. is equipped with
3.“担忧”concern
【语境展示】辨一辨concern在下列句子中的词性及意思。
1. This story concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned.
2. She hasn’t been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.
3. The result of the presidential election concerns all the people who live in the
country.
4. I was very concerned about my mother’s ill ness.
5. What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.
Key: 1. vt. 关于 2. n. 担心，担忧 3. vt. 关系到，影响到4．adj. 担心的，挂念的 5. vt. 使（某人）担心
【及时点拨】
concern的常见表达有：
as / so far as ... be concerned关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned about 关心
be concerned with 牵涉到，与……有关
【小试】请用concern的正确形式翻译下列句子。
1. 今天的课和语法有关。
2. 这些问题关系到我们每一个人。
3. 经理心里想的都是如何提高产品的质量。
4. 就英语教学而言，这所学校做得不是很好。
Key:
1. Today’s lesson is concerned with grammar.
2. These problems concern all of us.
3. The manager’s only concern is / was how to improve the quality of their products.
4. As far as English teaching is concerned, the school is not doing a good enough job.
难句解析
1. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Ter ri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri. (P40)
法院赞成关掉生命维持设备。虽然这一裁决令特瑞的父母亲感到不可思议,另一些人也声称生命是神圣的、任何人无权剥夺，但是，更多的人却认为这是对特瑞的最佳做法。
这是一个由and 连接的并列复合句。and后面是一个包含由while 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句，many would say ... 是主句。在while引导的让步状语从句中，“... left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that ...”是“leave sb. doing sth.” 的结构，意为“使……处于……状态”，现在分词充当宾语补足语；that life is ...是claiming的宾语从句，which no one has the right to end 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰life。
2. I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines.(P40)
我赞成美国法院和医疗机构的决定，那就是，当病人处于长期昏迷状态时，应允许亲属有权决定他们所爱的人停止使用生命维持设备。
本句的主干部分是：I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States。that ... 是一个同位语从句，是对前面decision的解释说明。在这个同位语从句中，1）“in the case of long-term coma states”是条
件状语，相当于if a person has been in a coma for a long time；2）“close family members should be ...”是主句，be allowed to do sth. 意为“某人可以做某事”，不定式短语作主语补足语。
高二英语各单元 学案(附答案)
Book 5 Unit 2 练习 I. Words and expressions. 一、句子完型根据语境选择最佳选项 1. I can’t tell you how _______ I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me; it’s so attractive. A. delighted B. pleasant C. surprising D. cautious 2. Police chiefs call on the local people to ________ against the drug dealers so as to deal with drug taking problems better. A. defend B. attract C. unite D. support 3. I can’t ________ lend you so much money. I wonder if you can return it in time when it is needed. A. probably B. enjoyably C. pleasantly D. possibly 4. Taiwan is part of China, so we do not allow any one under any name or by any means to ______ it from China. A. separate B. divide C. leave D. absorb 5. Let your partner describe the picture, and then add something to his or her _______. A. word B. analysis C. instruction D. description 答案ACDAD 二、选用短语的正确形式填空 1．Listening is thus an active，not a passive behavior ______ hearing，understanding and remembering. 答案：consisting of 2．The circle ________ sections，and each section represents a fraction(小部分)of the data. 答案：is divided into 3．This word is wrongly spelt.You have ________ a letter. 答案：left out 4．Computers __________ human beings in many fields so far. 答案：have taken the place of 5．The TV ________ again，which made me very unhappy. 答案：broke down 6．Taiwan is never allowed to ______________ the mainland anyway.It is known to all that it belongs to China. 答案：break away from 7．She occupies a room of 90 square feet，which __________ a bed，a chair，a table，and a television. 答案：is furnished with 8．All the collections will be ________ from June 16 to 18 in the gym. 答案：on show 9．Many people came to the square ________ the founding of the country. 答案：in memory of 10．She ______ terror when she saw a shadow on the curtain. 答案：was thrilled with 三、根据短文填空 我的表弟和他妻子在举办了婚礼后到联合王国做全国旅游观光去了。他昨天传真了一封英文信给我，让我高兴的是，他再也不犯时态错误了，而且他的描述也粗略地向我阐明了关于英国的一些问题——它的货币啦，行政管理啦，把它分成四个行政区的制度啦，还有在南爱尔兰脱离联合王国时发生的一些历史上的冲突和争拗。 因为不愿意漏掉任何一个景点，我表弟仔细地安排了他愉快的旅程。他参观的其中一个吸引人的地方是苏格兰乡村的一个城堡。城堡靠近一座港口，曾经是共产主义联盟会的总部，但是在战争中倒塌了。人们发
高二英语学案units 3-4
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人教版高二英语选修八第二单元学案含答案
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高二英语学案units 19-20
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年牛津版高二英语学案
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Matthew was playing really badly.He seemed ____________ and as a ____________ of his ___________ playing,we lost the game. 7．I thought he was not trying hard enough and he got very __________ with me .He said it wasn’t his __________ and I shouldn’t ___________ at him. Then we both started shouting at each other and it __________ into a horrible ______________.He kept on saying really __________ things to hurt me .I feel really __________ because I said some really ___________ things too,but I can’t _________ seeing our team lose . 8．These days he has been very __________and looks sad. He is usually _________ and outgoing .Yesterday ,I saw him talking to another boy ,and I can’t help _________ if he wants the boy to be his friend __________ of me . 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