高二英语学案units15-16

高中二年级英语学案

Units 15-16 (B2)

【知识网络】

一、重点词汇与短语

1．只能接动名词的动词巧记:

英语中, 有一部分动词的后面只能接名词而不能接不定式. 如何记牢这些动词是英语学习者十分苦脑的问题. 在此介绍一句话, 希望能帮助大家记住这些动词.

Mrs P Black missed a beef bag.

布莱克夫人丢了一只牛肉袋.

这句话中每一个字母表示一个动词或短语动词:

M-mind (介意); R-risk (冒险); S-stop (停止,可接不定式); P-practise (练习);

B-be busy in (忙于); L-look forward to (盼望); A-avoid (避免); C-consider (考虑);

K-keep (on) (坚持); M-miss (思念, 错过); I-insist on (坚持); S-suggest (建议);

S-succeed in (成功); E-enjoy (爱好); D-delay (延缓); A-advise (提议);

B-be used to (习惯); E-escape (逃避); F-finish (完成); B-begin (开始, 也可接不定式);

A- admit (承认); G-give up (放弃)

2．willing

（1）willing作形容词, 表示“愿意的, 心甘情愿的”, 经常用于be willing to do或“be willing +that-clause”句型中,

例如:

I am willing to help you.

我愿意帮助你

Are you willing that she should be admitted into our club?

你愿意她加入我们的俱乐部吗?

（2）willing作形容词, 还表示“乐于……”, 常作定语. 例如:

The teacher offers us willing help on the difficult problems.

老师乐于帮助我们解难题

[注意]它的比较级, 最高级分别是和more willing 和most willing.

（3）同义词: agreeable adj.使人愉快的

反义词: unwilling adj.不愿意的, 勉强做的

二、词义辨析

1．consider; regard的区别

（1）consider是动词, 表示“视为, 以为”. 是正式用语, 指经过认真考虑后的结论.

例如:

I consider him a fool.

我认为他是个蠢材.

He considered the report to be false.

他认为这份报告有误.

（2）regard视为, 认为. 与consider同义, 但较不正式。

例如:

She regards him a clever fellow.

她把他视为聪明人.

He is generally regarded as a wise man.

大家都认为他是个聪明人.

2．deal with; deal in; do with的辨析

（1）deal in意为“做买卖”, 但后接具体买卖的商品, 一般不用被动语态.

例如:

She deals in men’s clothing.

她经营男士服装.

（2）deal with 和do with都可作“处理”解. deal with意为“处理”, 其中deal是不及物动词, 不能带宾语., 当加上with后, 就相当于及物动词, 可以带宾语, 常和疑问词how连用.

例如:

How can you deal with the problem?

这个问题你如何处理?

（3）do with意为“采取……措施, 处理…..”, do为及物动词, 要带宾语, 常和疑问词what连用.

例如:

What will you do with the serious problem?

你将如何处理这严重的问题?

三、重点句型

1．Should you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer, you may want to consider one of the destinations below. 如果你感到有迫切的愿望去打好行李, 探索世界所能提供给你的事物, 你可能想考虑下列目的地中的一个

should you feel…相当于If you should feel…. 在if条件句中常可使用情态动词should, 表示我真实的但又无把握的条件, should可译成“要是; 万一”. 这时还可省略if, 句子改用倒装语序.

如:

If he should call, tell him I’ll ring back.

urge此处作名词, 意为“强烈的愿望; 冲动”, 后常接动词不定式.

如:

I had a sudden urge to see her.

2．But there is no need to worry if you have never skied before. 如果你以前从来没有滑过雪也没必要担心.

there is no need to do sth. 或there is no need for sth. 是固定句式, 意为“做某事没有必要; 没必要……”.

如:

There is no point in arguing further.

3．The injustices of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. 这座城市和整个南方所存在的这些不公正导致金博士组织非暴力的示威, 目的是结束隔离制度.

此处aimed at…是过去分词短语作定语, 修饰demonstrations, 相当于which were aimed a t…. aim at或be aimed at是固定短语, 意为“目的是, 目的在于, 企图”, 后接名词或动名词.

如:

We don’t know at whom her remarks were aimed.

四语法复习

(一)非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括不定式，现在分词和过去分词。它们均可作定语、状语和补语。不定式和现在分词还可作主语和宾语。它们的用法主要有以下几点需注意

1．不定式的主动和被动

不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，该句主语又与不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。

如：

The problem is difficult (for us) to solve.

I need a room to live in.

2．现在分词与过去分词的区别

从语态上看，现在分词表示与名词之间的主动关系；而过去分词则表示被动关系。如:the ruling class统治阶级; the ruled class被统治阶级。从时间关系上看，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作已经完成。:如: a developing country发展中国家:developed countries发达国家

3．现在分词与不定式的区别

现在分词表示动作正在进行，而不定式表示动作尚未发生。如：the meeting being held 正在进行的会议; the meeting to be held tomorrow明天将举行的会议

4．不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别

不定式和现在分词都可跟在一个句子后面作结果状语。它们的区别在于：不定式作结果状语，表示结果是出人意料的; 而现在分词则表示顺起其自然的结果。

如：

He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.

His parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.

（二）现在分词作定语

现在分词作定语时, 它所表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生. 如果两个动作有先有后, 一般不能用现在分词做定语, 而要用定语从句.

例如:

The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.

老师批评了打碎玻璃的那位同学.

而不能说成:

The teacher criticized the student breaking the window.现在分词在句中作定语时, 不仅存在前置与后置区别, 而且存在状态，时间与形式上的差异. 具体用法如下:

（1）状态差异：

现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲，前置的现在分词静感强，而后置现在分词动感强。

例如：

The labouring people are the wisest.

劳动人民最聪明

The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.

在这儿干活的农民不怕蛇.

能前置的现在分词为数不太多, 常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词. 这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词. 有些甚至还有比较等级.

例如:

I have brought very exciting news to you.

我给你带来了特别令人兴奋的消息

This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.

这是我读过的最令人兴奋的故事

（2）时间差异

这里是指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异. 有此现在分词作定语时表示正在进行的动作, 这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态.

例如:

Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? = Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise?

你告诉那些在那边玩儿的孩子别吵闹了吗?

The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday. =The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.

正在访华的美国总统将于周六回国

有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性的动作或现在(或当时)的状态. 此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态. 而不宜用进行时态. 若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点.

例如：

They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake. =They stayed at a hotel which stands by the lake.

他们住在临湖的一家旅馆.

（3）形式差异

从形式来看, 前置现在分词多为单个分词, 而后置现在分词多为短语. 换句话说, 若用

现在分词作定语, 单个分词要前置, 分词短语要后置. 但也不是绝对如此, 要视情况而定. 要是强调动感即使是单个分词也应后置.

例如:

Look! The girl singing is Lily and the one dancing is Mary.

快看! 唱歌的女孩是莉莉, 跳舞的那个是玛丽

需要注意的是, 现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语, 只能作后置定语.

例如:

They must keep a secret of the things being discussed there.

他们必须为讨论过的那件事保密

【考点透视考例精析】

[考点] 过去分词作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。过去分词前面可用when，once，although等连词。

[考例1] Sugar, when _______ with water, dissolves quickly.

A．mixed B．mixing C．mix D．s mixed

[点拨] 选A。mix 和sugar 是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。

[考例2] It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by the boss.

A．questioning B．having questioned

C．questioned D．to be questioned

[点拨] 选C。question和它的逻辑主语“I”之间是动宾关系，这里用过去分词作状语。

[考点] one 用作代词，代替表示单个的人或事物的名词；替代复数形式用ones。

[考例3] Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious ______ than mobile phones do.

A．one B．ones C．it D．those

[点拨] 选B。ones 替代前面的problems。

[拓展] one用作代词，代替可数名词；that用作代词，代替不可数名词。

[考例4] I’m going to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city.

A．ones B．one C．that D．those

[点拨] 选C。that 替代上文中的air。因为air 是不可数名词，不能用one替代。

[考点] practical 用作形容词, “实际的、实用的、可行的”的意思。

【基础演练】

一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。

1．Mother always ask me not to say any words to _______ (陌生人).

2．After a heated _______(讨论), we made a final decision.

3．We have ______ (相似) tastes in music and sports.

4．How can you ______ (表达) your feeling when facing such an situation?

5．______ (诚实) is the best policy.

6．Insects which eat crops are p_____.

7．This coat m______ the dress very well.

8．They went out in s______ of the lost boy.

9．A c_______ change takes place in any substance when it burns.

10．This toy is not s_______ for a 3-year-old boy.

二、单项填空

1．What ______me most was that my parents were so ______with my school grades.

A．disappointed; disappointed B．disappointed; disappointing

C．disappointed; disappointing C．disappointing; disappointed

2．The sight of this note ______me that I had to go to the store after school.

A．explained B．suggested C．reminded D．reflected

3．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. [06 全国卷Ι] A．in favour of B．in memory of

C．in honour of D．in search of

4．The famous actor keeps fit by ______for half an hour every morning

A．acting out B．working out C．giving out D．bringing out

5．______his arrival at the airport, the film star was recognized and soon surrounded by a group of film fans.

A．At B．Over C．On D．To

6．All their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were ______. He died soon afterwards

A．in place B．in return C．in vain D．in order

7．It is not a serious illness. I guess she will ______soon.

A．remove B．recover C．replace D．reduce

8．There are ______that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past.

A．marks B．symbols C．signs D．signals

9．He said he was 30 years of age, but ______he was more than 40.

A．in fact B．after all C．anyhow D．instead

10．We went to the movies first and had a bite in a French restaurant ______.

A．afterwards B．therefore C．anyway D．though

【能力拓展】

While many teenagers may dream of meeting with pop star Jay Chou（周杰伦）or NBA hero

Yao Ming, Li Jing had a far more powerful person on her mind. The Senior 2 from Beijing No. 35 High School dreamt of meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin.

After more than a year of hard work and with a little good luck, Li fulfilled（实现）her dream. On October 11, 2004, the 16-year-old girl joined a team of Chinese Journalists who went to the Kremlin（克里姆林宫）, Moscow, to interview Putin.

Li felt nervous before talking with Putin. “But his greeting and warm smile put me at ease,”she said.

Li admires Putin very much, because of his strong will and style of leadership. “He looks very cool,” Li said. During her interview, Li asked Putin whether he plans to educate his two teenage daughters to be officials in the future. Putin smiled and answered he hopes they can do whatever job suits their interests and personalities.

Although Li would only have several minutes, she started working on her interview questions last August after applying for the opportunity. “Journalists” work is by no means easy. You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee,” she said. She read many books about Putin and Russia in her spare time.

Li’s parents encouraged her to be a student journalist. “We fully support her, as long as it does not affect studies,”said her father. Previous in her job for a student magazine, Chinese Young Journalists, she wrote a letter to President Hu Jintao during the SARS epidemic（流行疫情）.

Li has learnt a lot from her experience. She said learning to manage her time and develop the confidence to speak with important people were not things she could learn in class.

1．The underlined word “interview” in the fifth paragraph probably means __________.

A．the person who interviews

B．the person who is interviewed

C．the person who know how to interview

D．the person who plan to interview a famous people

2．Which of the following best describe Li Jing’s parents’attitude towards her being a student journalist?

A．They think to a student journalist is purely a waste of time.

B．They worry that to be a student journalist will affect her studies

C．They consider it is quite good for Li Jing on the condition of not striking her study.

D．They neither support it nor object to it.

3．Li Jing is different from those students of her age in that __________.

A．she doesn’t like pop star Jay Chou

B．she hates meting with the NBA hero Yao Ming

C．she wants to meet neither Jay Chou nor Yao Ming

D．She dreams of meeting the president powerful Russian leader

4．Which of the following statements is Not true?

A．Li realized her dream not just because of her hard work

B．Li was at easy at the first sight of president Putin

C．Li considers Putin a great leader because of his strong will and style of leadership

D．Li thinks impossible to learn in class the confidence to speak with great people

参考答案

高二部分

Units 15-16 (B2)

基础演练

一、1. strangers 2. discussion 3. similar 4. express 5. Honesty 6. pests 7. matches 8. search 9. chemical 10. suitable

二、1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A

能力拓展

1—4 BCDB

1．B 通过上下文可知，对于journalists（记者）的采访interviewee（对象），记者需要做很多的事情（You need to do lots of homework on your interviewee）。

2．C 从文章倒数第二段可以看出，父母对她的课外活动是很支持的，前提是不影响学习。3．D 从第一段可知，其他同学都梦想与周杰伦、姚明等见面，而她则想采访俄罗斯总统普京。

4．B 从第三段可知，第一眼看到普京时，她还是有些紧张的。