2016年职称英语考试理工B真题及答案【完整版】

2016 年职称英语理工 B 真题

第一部分：词汇选项 (第1~15 题，每题 1 分，共15 分) 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词

或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定

1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk of) flooding.

A. in danger

B. out of control

C. between equals

D. in particular

2. The courses gives you basic (instruction) in maintenance.

A. idea

B. term

C. aspect

D. coaching

3. We are aware of the (potential) problems.

A. possible

B. global

C. ongoing

D. central

4. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate.

A. regulated

B. increased

C. fell

D. maintained

5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation.

A. imagination

B. confirmation

C. recall

D. disclosure

6. The details of the costume were totally (authentic).

A. real

B. outstanding

C. creative

D. false

7. The new (garment) fits her perfectly.

A. haircut

B. purse

C. clothes

D. necklace

8. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.

A. stable

B. suitable

C. changeable

D. adaptable

9. The idea was quite (brilliant).

A. positive

B. key

C. original

D. clever

10. They have built canals to (irrigate) the desert.

A. decorate

B. change

C. water

D. visit

11. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a (toddler).

A. disabled

B. pupil

C. baby

D. teenager

12. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.

A. warm

B. severe

C. hard

D. dry

13. The phobia may have its roots in a childhood (trauma).

A. fear

B. joy

C. hurt

D. memory

14. You will have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train.

A. jump

B. run

C. escape

D. prepare

15. Jesen is a dangerous man , and can be very (brutal).

A. careless

B. strong

C. cruel

D. hard

第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22 题，每题 1 分，共7 分）

下面的短文列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择

A ;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择

B ;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Theory of Everything

If Stephen Hawking lives until the year2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration（分解）of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.

Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste of smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.

Hawking Is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.

He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?

Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “ blacink shpoalecse. N”ow he is looking for a set

of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.

If Stephen Hawking it able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.

16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. Stephe n Hawk ing has spe nt around ten years expla ining the secrets of .........

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. The Theory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第三部分：概况大意与完成句子（第23~30 题，每题 1 分，共8 分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5 段每段选择 1 个最佳选项标题；（2）第27~30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。

Geothermal （地热）Energy

1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma（岩浆）. The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However,

if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable （不可渗透的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.

2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or

no water. I n these cases, the steam is pipe dup directly to provide the power to spin a turb ine gen erator.

The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still produc ing electricity today.

3 Most curre ntly operat ing geothermal power pla nts are either "flash" steam pla nts or binary （双

重的）plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300

to 700 Fahrenheit.

This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the un dergro und reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Aga in, the force of this steam provides the en ergy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back dow n into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can the n be used aga in.

4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300

Fahre nheit is not hot eno ugh to flash steam but it can

still be used to gen erate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turb in es. As in the flash steam pla nt, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir. 23. Paragraph 1 ___ C ______ 24. Paragraph 2 ___ A ______ 25. Paragraph 3 ___ E ______ 26. Paragraph 4 ___ B ______

27. A geothermal reservoir is formed whe n hot water is trapped un der _ B ____

28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with __ D ______ . 29. Flash pla nts produce hot water through __ C__.

30. In a binary pla nt, the heat of the geothermal water can be con verted into _

A ___

第四部分：阅读理解 （第30~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。

第一篇：

Can You Hear This?

Whe n someth ing creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium （

wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant （

反射的 ） sound , which can be heard

A. Dry steam pla nts

B. Bi nary pla nts

C. Origi n of geothermal en ergy

D. Gen erati on of electricity

E. Flash steam pla nts

F. Recyclable water and steam

礼堂），listeners hear the sound

even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .

The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium .It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room （including the people ）absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.

Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth, curved （弯曲的）reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel（平行的） walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a

rapid ,repetitive pulsing（有节奏的跳动）effect. Large pillars （柱）and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room .For example , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.

31. This Passage is mainly about ______ .

A. sound waves and their acoustic effect .

B. the types of music orchestras play

C. walls of an auditorium

D. the design of an auditorium

32. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with ______ .

A. a short reverberation time

B. a long reverberation time

C. an intermediate reverberation time

D. no reverberation time

33. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should______ .

A. achieve a pleasing mixture of sound

B. get rid of all reflections

C. not have absorbers.

D. have smooth surfaces

34. Large pillars and corners may _____ .

A. make sound rich and full

B. be cures for sound problems

C. be sources of sound problems

D. function as well as clouds

35. The word “ acousticin t”he last paragraph has something to do with _____ .

A. performance

B. Music

C. sound

D. noise

第二篇：

Sports Star Yao Ming

If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association （NBA） and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.

But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity（名气）. Few, if any, Chinese athletes

are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess （杰出的才能）also for being a symbol of international commerce.

When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft（选抜），he was the

first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough —no NBA

player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful（难对付的人）for opponents on

either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.

When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture（骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder（震动）spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.

Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.

"There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."

36. ________________________________________ T he word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means .

A. large

B. fat

C. tall

D. great

37. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his ______ .

A. mobility

B. assault

C. defense

D. celebrity

38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because ______ .

A. his right foot had been hurting.

B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.

C. the surgical operation had been a failure.

D. he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.

39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?

A. He missed the Athens Olympics.

B. He is an NBA player.

C. He fractured his left foot.

D. He is an international figure.

40. In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is ______ .

A. indifferent

B. positive

C. negative

D. doubtful 第三篇：

Smart Window

Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting ，but the light coming through

the window also provides heat. However ，windows are not something people typically associate with

being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.

“ It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is, ” says Claes Granqvist. He 'r s a professo of solid- state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “ It 's contact with the outside world. You have to

have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. ” So, windows and natural light are important

for improving the way people feel when the y' re stuck indoors.

Yet，windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter ，cold air leaks in. When it ' s hot and，susnu n ylight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots

of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air ，which can feel so refreshing（使人清新的），actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.

Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years ，scientists

have come up with a variety of strategies for coating ，glazing（用玻璃覆盖），and layering windows to

make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic（发色的）

technologies which involve changes of color.

Electrochromic（电致色的） windows use electricity to change color. For example ，a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide（氧化钨） works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed ，that

is ，when the amount of voltage（电压） is decreased ，the window darkens until it 's completely dark after

all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.

One impor tant feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “ memory. ” All takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then ，it stays that way.

Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes ，depending on the size of the window. The

development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “ In the future, ” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different. ”

41. Which of the following of values of windows is NOT mentioned?

A. They let light in to brighten the house.

B. They let light in to heat the house.

C. They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.

D. They let us think about the outside world.

42. The expression “ when it comes to in”Paragraph 3 is used to _______ .

A. signal the arrival of a guest

B. indicate the recovery of consciousness

C. show our understanding of something

D. introduce a new aspect of a topic

43. According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that ______ .

A. are coated

B. are glazed

C. have several layers

D. can change color

44. Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing?

A. Paragraphs 5

B. Paragraph 3.

C. Paragraph 4.

D. Paragraphs 6.

45. A smart window is smart mainly because _____ .

A. it can change its size

B. it can change its structure

C. it can change the voltage of electricity

D. it has a sort of memory 第五部分：补全短文 (第46~50 题，每题2 分，共10 分) 下面的短文有5 处空白，短文后有6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

What Is a Dream?

For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person ' s mind and emotions.

Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. E (46)

The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person ' s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings,

thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.

The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud'' s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. F (47) For example, people who dream about falling may learn that

they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.

Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person ' s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. __C (48)

Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.

He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. ___________________ A ______ (49) This is not true of women ' s dreams. Domhoff found this

gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.

Can dreams help us un dersta nd ourselves? Psychologists con ti nue to try to an swer this

questi on in differe nt ways. __ D ______ (50) The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that

some terrible event will actually take place. It ' s important to remember that the world of dreams is not

the real world.

第六部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Warmer Climate Will Bake Tropical Bugs

Global warmi ng could cook tropical in sects, with un predictable kno ck- on effects, say researchers

who warn that rising temperatures also _______ (51) tropical frogs, lizards ( 蜥蜴).

Temperatures are _______ (52) to in crease much faster in temperate and polar regi ons tha n in

the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warmi ng would affect in sects and other cold-blooded

animals _______ (53) had evolved in tropical regi ons with little temperature variati on.

Curtis Deutsch at the Uni versity of California at Los An geles and colleagues an alysed

data ______ (54)i nsect survival and reproduct ion for 38 species in differe nt ecosystems, and the n

estimated how these values would _______ (55) with predictio ns of climate cha nge for the 21st

cen tury.

The team found that the reproductive _______ (56) of tropical in sects tends to peak very close to

the temperatures where they no rmally live, but _______ (57) sharply at higher temperatures. This

means that cranking up the heat only a small amount can exert a heavy toll, leavi ng in sects un able to reproduce (58) eno ugh to keep up their nu mbers.

Temperature tolera nee

Temperate in sects reproduce well over a broader ran ge, and do not live as ______ (59) to their

thermal limit, so they can reproduce successfully whe n their climate warms more tha n in the tropics.

“ Tropical in sects do very well in a narrow band of temperatures, but move them above

that _______ (60) and they die, ays seam member Josh Tewksbury of the Uni versity of Washi ngton in

Seattle.

The heart of the _______ (61) is temperature tolerance. Temperate-zone insects have evolved to

survive the much broader temperature swings of seasonal climates, than have their tropical relatives.

The _______ (62) appears worse for animals that live in hot stable climate of the lower levels of

tropical forests. Lizards in clear areas can find shade to cool down, but those living in the forest are

already in the _______ (63), an d there ' s not much they can do to get cooler, Deutsch says.

Too few tropical insects have been studied so far to ______ (64) if any particular group will be

particularly hard-hit, says Tewksbury. Insects play important _______ (65) in forest ecology, including

pollination, and eating detritus to recycle carbon.

The team are now starting to evaluate how temperature affects ecological interactions of insects with other species, including crops such as African corn.

Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (DOI:

10.1073/pnas.0709472105)

Climate Change - Wa nt to know more about global warmi ng: the scie nee, impacts and political

debate? Visit our continually updated special report.

Endangered species - Learn more about the conservation battle in our comprehensive special report.

51. ( )

A. treat

B. threaten

C. help

D. protect

52. ( )

A. demanded

B. needed

C. promised

D. expected

53. ( )

A. while

B. where

C. that

D. what

54. ( )

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. with

55. ( )

A. meet

B. spread

C. decrease

D. change

B. value

C. system

D. type

57. ( )

A. develops

B. stops

C. rises

D. drops

58. ( )

A. fast

B. typically

C. firmly

D. jointly

59. ( )

A. important

B. possible

C. close

D. necessary

60. ( )

A. range

B. order

C. rank

D. 暂无

61. ( )

A. proposal

B. project

C. thesis

D. problem

62. ( )

A. reason

B. cause

C. level

D. effect

63. ( )

A. cave

B. shade

C. sunshine

D. open

B. speak

C. wonder

D. doubt

65. ( )

A. tricks

B. roles

C. games

D. rules