牛津译林版必修一高一英语语法 定语从句(一)
定语从句(一)
考情分析
定语从句是英语中最为重要的语法，是中国人学习英语的难点之一，也是高考的常客。其热点考查内容如下：一、在完形填空中通过定语从句考查先行词的选择；在阅读理解中考查对定语从句的理解和与其他各种从句在意义上的转换；三、在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查对关系词的选择根据先行词派生的主谓一致，定语从句的时态等；四、在书面表达中考查通过定语从句给作文润色。
所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构，相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。在复合句中修饰名词或代词，作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。下面通过两个实例来说明定语从句及其相关成分的分布情况：
whom在从句中作宾语
在从句中作主语
一、关系代词概说
关系词在定语从句的构成里起至关重要的作用。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法掌握定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。关系代词有who, whose,whom,that, which等，用来引导定语从句。关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、定语或表语；另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫作先行词)。
关系代词图示
1.关系代词：who,whom, whose, which,that等。
(1)vho用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.
我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
(2)whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom,而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。
Who is the girl whom you talked to just now?
刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation.
他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。
(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient,在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom。) Who is the girl to who(whom) you talked just now?(错误)
(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl,在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to 已经提到了关系代词的前面，who和whom就绝不可以通用了，所以如果还继续使用who 句子就错了。此处只能用whom。)
(3) whose用于代替“表示人或物意义”的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。whose常表达“某人的、某物的”之意。
It’s the house whose door is painted red.
这就是那所门涂成红色的房子。
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
沸点在100摄氏度的水无色、无味。
(4) which用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
The plan which they argued about was settled at last.
他们争论的那个计划终于确定了。
（5）that既可用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，也可用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词：在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that =who/whom/which。
Views that (which) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
2.定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday.
这就是你昨天找的那本书。
I don't like the novel(that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。
Who is the man(that)you're talking about?你们谈论的那个人是谁？
3.定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午体检。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.
这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
疑难突破
注意that和as在the same后引导定语从句的区别。
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样(同样的但不是同一个)。
This is the same pen that I used yesterday.
这就是昨天我使用的那一支钢笔(指的是同一个)。
★方法技巧
定语从句与同位语从句
同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，都放在某一名词或代词后但两者有明显的区别：同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词内容的体现，且同位语从句的连接词that不在从句中充当成分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，且定语从句的关系词that 在从句中充当成分。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.(定语从句)刚刚起飞的那架飞机是飞往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear.(同位语从句)他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。
I've got a novel which you may like to read.
我得到一本你或许想看的小说。
二、关系代词的用法
1.如果先行词指代物，用关系代词that或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，如果作宾语，that或which可以省略。用whose在从句中作定语。
A plane is a machine that/which can fly.飞机是能飞行的机器。
This is the model plane (that/which)we made last week.
这就是我们上周制作的飞机模型。
I like the book whose cover is blue.我喜欢封面是蓝色的那本书。
The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.
水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
This is the house whose window broke last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
2.如果先行词指代人，用关系代词who,whom,whose或that。其中，who/that作主语，whom/who/that作宾语，whose作定语。如果先行词是those,anyone,people,he等时，用who 不用that。
A friend is someone who makes me happy.
朋友是让我感到快乐的人。
This's the girl (whom/ who/that)I teach.
这就是我教的那个女孩。
God helps those who help themselves.
天道酬勤。
He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new is fit to be a teacher.
温故而知新，可以为师矣。
Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
3.仅用that的情况
(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,litle,few,much等不定代词时。
AIl is ot gsold that elites/AIl thl gites is ot gold闪光的不一定都是黄金。
(2）先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时。
All the books that you need are here.
你所需要的书都在这儿。
(3）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
It is the first step that costs troublesome.万事开头难。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
这是应对污染的最好方式。
(4）先行词既有人又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
（5)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。
Who is the man that is speaking over there?
在那里说话的人是谁?
（6)先行词被the only，the very, the last等修饰时。
The only thing that we have to fear is fear itself.
我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身。
This is the very book that I am looking for.
这正是我一直在找的书。
（7)关系代词在从句中作表语时。
He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago.
他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。
导师点睛
在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限制性定语从句中，用that作为连接词一般不会出现问题。
4.仅用which的情况
(1)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，其中的关系代词只用which或whom,不能用that或who。
This is the house in which Shakespeare was born.
这就是莎士比亚出生的那所房子。
Do you know the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands?
你认识那个我们老师正在和他握手的人吗?
（2)非限制性定语从句。
He passed the exam,which made his parents happy.
他通过了考试，这使他父母很高兴。
The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.
结果天气很好，这一点超出了我们的预料。
5.“whose +n.”引导的定语从句
whose可以指代人和物。“whose +n.”引导定语从句修饰物时，可换成“the+n.+ of which”或“of which +the +n.”。修饰人时，whose相当于“of whom +the+n.”
A person whose e-mail account(=of whom the e-mail account)is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.一个人的邮箱如果满了，就无法再接收邮件了。
That man is the richest whose pleasure(=the pleasure of whom/of whom the pleasure)are the cheapest.能处处寻求快乐的人才是最富有的人。
We study in a big classroom whose windows(=the windows of which /of which the windows)face south.我们在一个窗户朝南的大教室学习。
关系代词及be动词的省略：
定语从句的结构关系为“关系代词+be动词+现在分词短语/过去分词短语/不定式短语/介宾短语”时，可将关系代词和be动词一同省略，也就是说定语从句有时可以简化为现在分词短语/过去分词短语/不定式短语/介宾短语。
We can see the flowers(which are)dancing gently in the wind.我们可以看到花儿正在风中翩翩起舞。
He was invited to a meeting(which was)to be held the next day.他被邀请出席第二天举行的会议。
温馨提示
定语从句的翻译：
当定语从句不是很长时，一般将定语从句先翻译出来，然后在末尾加上一个“的”，一起放到先行词前。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
我们谈到了我们记得的人和事。比较长的定语从句，一般使用“重复先行词”的方法,把全句翻译成两个句子。
Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly completed and which/that has 15 bedrooms,3 kitchens and 4 toilets?
你是住在那幢刚刚竣工的白色的房子里吗?那幢房子有15个卧室、3个厨房和4个卫生间。
当定语从句修饰与时间有关的最高级时，定语从句本身常用现在完成时。现在完成时是一座桥梁，把过去和现在连在一起。这座桥有两个桥头，一个是过去，一个是现在。
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.
这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
温馨提示
定语从句中的插入语：定语从句中可以插入I think，you think等插入语。
Last week I came across the man who you think is pleasant to work with.上周我碰到了你认为与他一起工作很愉快的那个人。
This is the suggestion which I think is very valuable.
这是我认为非常有价值的建议。
温馨提示
关系代词的省略：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。
He is the comrade(whom)you have been looking for. 他就是你一直在找的那位同志。
高一英语必修一定语从句汇总
定语从句 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词 二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。 先行词是物：which that 先行词是人：who whom that 在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 e.g. 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 1. They had a radio. It could send out messages. They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语) 2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now. ______________________________________________________ 3. He always buys some books. He never read them. ______________________________________________________ 注意点： 1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面： e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × ) 5. The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × ) 2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略： e.g. 6. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager. 7. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分 1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name. 2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe. 3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit . 4. He is the man whom we all respect. 5. There is somebody who wants to see you. 6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale. 7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive. whose 的用法： 关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。 e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize. The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. 2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red. The book whose cover is red is not mine ( The book the cover of which is red is not mine) 3. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xi’an.
译林牛津版模块一语法定语从句
定语从句 1.定义：名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后 置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。 2.引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关 系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。
3.关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as (1)who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 A.The boys who are playing football are from Class One. B.Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. C.That is the teacher who teaches us physics. (2)whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可 用who 来代替。 A.Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. B.The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. C.The girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor. (3)which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 A.Football is a game which is liked by most boys. B.He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. C.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. D.The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
高一必修一unit4语法
定语从句(I)关系代词的用法 定义—复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 基本用法： 1. who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 2. whom指人，在从句中作宾语 3. whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语 4. which 指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 5. that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 一、定语从句的定义与关系词的分类 1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom,whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等)两类。 主句关系 主语代词 Beijing, which is the capital of China is a very beautiful city. 先行词定语从句主句中的表语 中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 Danny was the man(who) we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用who 代替 The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。 3. whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语 I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake. 我想帮助那些父母在地震中丧生的孩子们。 除了用whose 表所属关系以外,在whom 和which 之前加of 也可以表示所属关系(即of whom, of which)。这时名词需要特指,应加定冠词,放在of whom, of which 之前或之后均可。 I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake. =I want to help the children of whom the parents died in the earthquake. =I want to help the children the parents of whom died in the earthquake. 4. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略 The pen(which) you found yesterday is mine. 昨天你发现的那支钢笔是我的。 5. that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略The number of people that come to visit the city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that 指人，作主语) The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that 指物，作主语)
牛津译林版高一英语上册必修一 语法总结
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[2021精选]译林牛津版高中英语必修一学案：定语从句
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译林牛津版高中英语必修一语法讲解限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
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英语：unit1《school life》定语从句(译林牛津版必修1).doc
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译林牛津高一英语必修一定语从句关系代词,关系副词的讲解与专练(导学案无答案)
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高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句
高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句 （经典版） 编制人：__________________ 审核人：__________________ 审批人：__________________ 编制单位：__________________ 编制时间：____年____月____日 序言 下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢! 并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典资料，如办公资料、职场资料、生活资料、学习资料、课堂资料、阅读资料、知识资料、党建资料、教育资料、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注! Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! And, this store provides various types of classic materials for everyone, such as office materials, workplace materials, lifestyle materials, learning materials, classroom materials, reading materials, knowledge materials, party building materials, educational materials, other materials, etc. If you want to learn about different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!
牛津译林版高中英语模块一至十各单元语法点总结归纳
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牛津译林版必修一高一英语上语法-非限制性定语从句
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2019—2020第一学期译林版高一年级英语模块一语法专题 定语从句易错题整理 1. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, _______ the children show respect but are afraid of. A. which B. that C. for whom D. one whom 2.On New Year’s Eve, a big fire swept through a top nightclub in Bangkok, at least 60 people, most of are foreigners. A. having killed; them B. killing; them C. killed; whom D. killing; whom 3.He has made a discovery, of great importance to the progress of science and technology. A. I think which is B. which I think is C. which I think it D. which 1 think it is 4.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5.The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat, ____could help them keep warm through the winter. A. one B. that C. it D. one that 6.Raising retirement age is a subject_________ all the Chinese have argued for a long time. A. of which B. about which C. with which D. among which 7.School violence is increasing in primary and middle schools across the country,_______causes are difficult to find sometimes. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 8.There isn’t much work to do this coming Saturday, which is part of the reason _______ I plan to visit my uncle then. A. which B. where C. why D. because 9.It wasn’t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years _______ I wasn’t a part of.
高一英语必修一定语从句总结
定语从句 一、三个概念 1.定语从句： 2.先行词： 3.关系词： 例： . 先行词关系词定语从句 . 先行词 定语从句 关系词 二、关系词的用法 关系代词: ：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物 . . 关系副词： 1. : 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例： . I I . 2. 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。
例： . Nanjing I . 3. 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。 例： . ? 注意：关系副词, , , 的含义相当于“介词”结构，因此常常和“介词“结构交替使用。例：I I .【】 Nanjing I .【】 ?【】 四、关系代词的特殊用法 只用的情况 1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用，而不用. 例如： . 2.被修饰的先行词为, , , , , ，，等不定代词时，只能用，而不用. 例如：？ 3.先行词被，，，，，等词修饰时，只能用，而不用. 例如：I . 4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用，而不用. 例如：I I . 5..以或引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用.
例如：？ 6.主句是结构，修饰主语的定语从句用，而不用.例如： a . 7.先行词在主句和从句中都作表语时，只能用. 例如： . 8.先行词是时，只用 不用的情况 1.先行词为, 时，用，而不用. 例如：’s ？ 2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用，而不用. 例如： . 这是他居住的房间。 3.引导非限制性定语从句，用，而不用. 例如：, . 五、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： I . 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I' I . 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）I .
高考英语语法定语从句专项练习译林牛津版必修1
历届高考英语选择题精选(定语从句) 1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose(89) 2.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that(91) 3.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom(92) 4.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D.it(92) 5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when(96) 6．Carol said the work would be done by October.＿＿＿＿＿personally I doubt very much. A. it B.that C.when D.which(99) 7．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. A．who B．which C．this D．what (2000) 8.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable. A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A.As B.It C.That D.Which 10.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.same 11.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue. A.whose B.of which C.which D.its 12.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when 13.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.