牛津高中英语语法复习：定语从句

（一）定义

1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.

2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent

1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词关系代词定语从句

2) You must do everything that I do.

先行词关系代词定语从句

(二)：关系代词的作用;

1.连接主句和从句。

2.代表被修饰的先行词。

3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。

eg. Twhich I lived in last year.

先行词关系代词定语从句

(三)：定语从句中有关系代词 who, whom, whose, wat, as.

关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句。（四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词

关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此

同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。

关系代词

词行

先行词

充当成分

who

人

主、宾、表

Whom

人

宾

That

人物

主、宾、表

Which

物

主、宾、表

物

主、宾

Wwhomof which

定语

关系副词

When=atinonduring which

时间

状

Where=atinto which

地点

状

Why=for which

原因

状

that 在口语中可以代替关系副词

以上三者

状

Tlace where we work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)

Tlace which we visited. (vt. )

种类

先行词

关联词

例句

定

语

从

句

（人）在从句中做主语或宾语

物在从句中做主语或宾语

who

which

Tdoctor who saved the boy’s life .

这就是救了孩子生命的医生。w student whom I waduu . 她就是我要介绍给你的新学生

Please pabook wlyingable.

请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。

The novel which Tom bought is vg.

汤姆买的小说很有意思。

Can you lendagazine about which you talked yesterday? 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？

who在从句中做主语

whom在从句中做宾语，口语中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whom

which在从句中做主语。

which充当宾语时可以省去。

which做介词宾语不可省

定

语

从

句

人

或

物

的

whose

Twhose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams 那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。

Tdaugwhom teaches you English is Dr. Williams. The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.

那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。

=The bbrake of which was damaged has now been repaired

whose在从句中做定语

指某人的也可以用…of whom代替whose

指物时也可以用…of which 代替 whose

人

或

that

The woman that is playing the piaZhang.

正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。

I’d llms that are juw.

我想看那些刚上映的电影。

that指人做主语

that指物做主语

种类

先行词

关联词

例句

说明

物

all, littlemuch和some,any ev构成的合成代词人

或

物

that

They talked for about an hougs andabl.

他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有

半个小时。

I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .

我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。

Ianything (that) I can du?

有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？

I’ve brought everything (that )you need.

我把你需要的东西都拿来了。

Tbest film that I hav这是我看过的最好的一部电影。Tlace that we’ll vBeijing Library.

我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆

先行词分别表示人和物，关系代词要用that，不用who

或which

先行词表示物，关系代词用that不用which, 在从句中

做宾语可省去。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that或who (whom)

均可

先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that

引导。

定

语

从

句

人

或

物

that

Hlat is believable.

他是唯一可靠的人。vat she wa约翰正是她要见的人。Wan that is talking with Tom ?

正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？

Wbooks that you bought is eaad?

你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。

先行词被the only, the vame 等修饰时用关系代词that. 当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用that

时

间

when

He came at a time when we. needed他在我们最需要的时候来了。

We’ll never forget the day wPeople’s Rep ublic of

was founded.

我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。

在定语从句中作时间状语

注：先行词是uxt time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。

地点

where

Twut ught.

这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。

在定语从句中作地点状语

原因

理由

why

I know the reason wudies so well .

我知道她学习好的原因。

在定语从句中作原因状语

Tlace where work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)

Tlace which we visited. (vt. )

（五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的关系

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。

从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整

标点

从句和主句之间不用逗号分开

从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开

关

系

代

词

指人who (that) whom

指物which (that)

人和物whose

关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去

指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）

指物which

人和物的whose

关系代词一般不可省

修饰

从句只修饰一个名词或代词

可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译

定语从句译在被修饰词的前面

定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子

限制性

非限制性

形式上

无逗号

有逗号

内容上

先行词不是唯一的

先行词是唯一的，定语从句可有可无。

关系词

可用that ,why.作宾语可以省略

不可用that ,why。关系词一律不省。

先行词

名词或代词

名词或代词，也可以使整个句子

汉语翻译

译作定语

译成并列句

1．二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句

隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用

that引导。

He has a brother who is aHe has a bwho is a(只有一个)

He returned all the books which are wglish.

He returned all the books, which are wglish.

A student who studies hard will make good progress. The student, who lives falleadball match.

（六）关系代词that和which的区别

1．只能用that的情况

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anythinggg, everything, littl，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不

用which。例如：

Allle that abuars.

Everything that we saw wag.

I’d in everything that I don’t know.

All thaded is a supply of oil.

(2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, muvery等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.

例如：I read all the books that you gavTlat I havAllat was collected was givHope P(3) 如果先行词

被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，

关系代词常用that,不用which。

Tbook that was wglish.

Tlast faat I visited.

Tbest film that I have evTug that I ever heard. (4) 如果先等词被the only ,the valast修饰，关系代

词常用that,不用which.

Tly book that I really like.

He walat was invitedball.

(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应

该用that。而不用who, which.

例如： The boy and the dog that aure are very lovely. He talked abouachers and schools that he had visited.

(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that. Wat is standing there?

Wus that knows English doesn’t know this?

wvel do you like best?

(7) 关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.

It took us many years to maaday.

Han that he used to be.

isn’uused to be.

(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用thaday

I caught twNow you cawo that are still alivbasin of water.

(9) 当主句“ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。

There are four dddlat are usedachers.

(10) 当先行词是“ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .

Tdictionary that was bougbday.

2．只能用which的情况

1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如：

There are about seven millle taking palwhom、are well educated.

Bei jing , wa’s capitalulture.

2)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。

That pen wAuldgoods which sells well.

3) 介词后只用which

Twlived.

I don’t know the man to whom you talked.

The chair on wg is made of wood.

(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，不用that..例如：

He succeededwhich made his parents very happy. (5)先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.

What’s that which flashedust now?

(6) 关系代词后面有插入语时，益用关系代词 which. Hglish grammar book which, as I have told you, will helve your English.

3．只用who, whom.而不用that的情况

(1) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, evverybodbod等时，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 wat。例如：Iawho will go with you?

People all lwho have good manners.

（2）当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。ame to vamily, who were watching

TVur class, wa very good one, was praised again ag.

(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中，宜用关系代词 who

Pro. Wangg soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.

(4) 当先行词用-body 或-one 构成的复合不定代词时，关系代词用who

We’d bbelieve in anyone who we don’t know.

(5) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用who

The aunt/uncle who caus last wbrother’（七）．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是abouwat, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。其中whom代表人，which代表物

Wade with whom youands?

He wa fawa river

Givbver of wd (the cover of which=whose cover) Han whose faa teacher.=Han the fawhom is a teacher. Tghborhood from whom I borrowed the bicycle.

(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句（不常用）。例如：

We stood all, from where we cawn..

（3）***关系代词前的介词如何确定？

A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配bought a new house on wall

B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定

There was no way in wuld be bought baarth. (way) C.根据所表达的意思确定

The gas with which dan save the paalled oxygen. The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.

(4)***注意关系代词的位置

介词在关系代词前时，只能用which 和whom不能用

that 代替，也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可

wat ,whom, who,都行，而且还可以省略。

Tdrawer in which I put my lTdrawer (which/that )I put my lHave youwith which I wrote lg?

= Have you(which/that) I wrote letters wg?

所以一个句子有时有多种用法

如：那就是他工作的大学

Tllege at wworks.

Tllege that/wworks at.

Tllege wworks.

但像llook at, depend on, pay aake care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：

Tboy was taken care of.

Tbook which /that I am looking for.

Tgirl I have been lookingwhole a（八） whose 引导从句的意义

1）指人=of whom 表示所修饰的“某（些）人的用做所修饰的先行词的所有格。

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

2) 指物=of which 表所修饰的“某物的“

I livwhose window faces south.

I livwindow of which faces south

( whose +从句可以用“of which +从句”代替) （九）As 与which 是有区别的

A) 相同之处：都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的主句所表达的内容。which 可做宾语或表语

He failedatch, which was a greaHe succeededwhich made his parents very happy.

B) 区别：

1）as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但

which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

例如：

1) As we all know, Galileo’alling obght.

= Galileo’alling objects, as we all know, is right = Galileo’alling obght, as we all know.

2) He was throwwhich got round throughout our village

3) As is expected, the team wball match.

4) The earth runs around the sun, awn by ev) He was late again, which made me unhappy

6) As you knowgood at English.

2.） as有“如” 、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义，which 没有。后面的谓语动词多是w, expect, sa 等。

Bob did an excellent job, as we had expected.

Our team won the game, which made us happy.

Awn to all, We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.

We are facingblems which we faced years ago. Wget such a tool ausing.

Wgl wusing.

3.) as 在引导限制性定语从句多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

the same…as such….as

Taas he told me.

Iget such a book ausing

4).as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。可代表一个句子。例如：

The elephant’like a snake, as anybody ca).as做主语时，其后必跟系动词，而which 无此限制

Tg was put off, as was what we wanted.

He was murdered, as seemed true.

6)as引导从句时，从句语义必须和主句一致

She was married again, which was unexpected

She was married again, as was unexpected 7

7）the same …as 与the same ..that 的区别：前者修饰的是原物同样的

而后者修饰的就是先行词

Tame watch as I lost.这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。Tdame watch that I lost.着就是我丢的那一只手表。（十）什么时候that 可以省略？

1) 引导同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句不能省略，且不做成分。

The name “ whitewater ”act that the waams and rivers looks white wves quickly.

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

高一英语定语从句教案

高一英语定语从句教案一、基本概念 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中）宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ）关系词时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例：门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。

高一英语必修一定语从句1

定语从句一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。 3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why 二、基本用法 1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：

2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 told him all (that) I know. gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 have read all the books (that) you gave me. can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1.先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.

高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳

非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。

高中英语语法系列：定语从句

高中英语语法系列：定语从句知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。二、关系词引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： A.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. B.复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. Has he come back? He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday. ②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如： We are student s. Your idea sounds great. 考点3.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点4.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 考点5.宾语补足语宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming.

高中英语语法之四种名词性从句

四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。宾语从句三注意三特殊一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who

高一英语定语从句讲解精华版

定语从句一、基本概念：定语：定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当：关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引关系词的作用：二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born

(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

(新)高一英语必修一定语从句总结

定语从句一、三个概念 1.定语从句： 2.先行词： 3.关系词：例：The boy 先行词关系词定语从句先行词定语从句关系词二、关系词的用法关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物 The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital. The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long. 关系副词：when/where/why 1. when: 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例：This was the time when he arrived. I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star. 2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

例：This is the factory where he works. Nanjing is the place where I was born. 3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 注意：关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。例：I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】 Is this the reason for whic h he refused our offer?【why】四、关系代词that的特殊用法只用that 的情况 1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 2.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 3.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.

高中英语语法英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案

句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。) 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如： The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”) 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。考点1.Most birds can fly.（）考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（）考点4.My watch stopped.（）考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （）考点7.Shall I begin at once?（）考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（）考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（）考点10.They left last week. （） 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：

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