第二讲 定语从句与倒装句
第二讲定语从句与倒装句
一、复习：虚拟语气
1)I wish _______________ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).
2)If only _______________ (他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not
have killed himself.
3)——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
——I’d rather he ______________ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
4)It’s high time that ______________ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
5)Hugh usually talks ______________ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
6)We insist that _______________ (让杰克立刻进医院).
7)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________ (取消期中考试).
8)It is essential that ______________ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).
9)_______________ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have
had quite a comfortable journey.
10)I was to have made a speech ______________ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).
11)_______________ (如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.
12)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________ (他现在就不在人间了).
13)But for his help, _______________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
14)Were I in your place, _______________ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
15)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).
二、语法讲解
定语从句（Attributive clauses）
在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。构成: 先行词+ 关系词+ 从句
1．关系代词：
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。例如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）
The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.
（which / that在句中作主语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：
I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons.
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分
试比较：
I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)
I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）
The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable.
( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略)
The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.
（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）
3. 关系代词that与which；that与who的一些特殊用法：
指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that：
1）先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?
注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以，如：
There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”
2) 先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
3) 先行词被the only，the very修饰时：
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
4) 先行词既有人又有物时：
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?
只能用which 的两种情况
1) 非限制性定语从句,先行词为物
e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China.
2) 整句话当先行词
It rained a lot, which made a flood happened
只能用as, 不能用which, that, who 的两种情况
1) 先行词被such, the same 修饰时
e.g. I’ve never heard of such a terr ible earthquake as you told me.
You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，两支)
You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.（正是，同一支）
2) 非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如…所知道,所期望…的一样”
e.g. As we know，Taiwan belongs to China,
当先行词是anyone, those, these, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.
Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
4. 一种特殊的非限制性定语从句
在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.
(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)
定语从句中易犯的错误
1. 在定语从句中加了多余的定语
e.g. So me of the boys I invited them didn’t come. (them)
2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错
e.g. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. (breaks)
Those who has finished may go home. (have)
He is the only one of the teachers who know English in our school. (knows)
This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)
3. 误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词
e.g. Children ∧ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. (who / that)
4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词
a). The house where he lives in needs repairing. ( where he lives 或that he lives in)
b) I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing. ( the day when 或the day on which)
5. 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词
I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)
This is the house where we lived in last year. (that /which)
6. 在先行词reason 后错用关系副词why
I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late. (that /which)
7. 主句不完整,首先要补充完整
This factory is ∧ that I worked in. (the one )
8. what 引导的名词性从句做主语,宾语,表语
That can be done has already been done. (what)
9. 误将强调句型当定语从句
I was in the kitchen where the fire broke out. (that)
练习：
1．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing
B. that
C. what
D. which
2．He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these
B. those
C. that
D. which
3．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that
B. who
C. from whom
D. to whom
4．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the
others unhappy.
A .who B. which C. this D. what
5．①John is the only one of the students who ____ French．
②John is one of the students who ____ French．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known
6．①This is the knife ____ I usually cut my pencil．
②This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my pencil．
A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that
7．①Who lives in the house ____ windows face south？
② Who lives in the house ____ the windows face south？
A．whose B．which C．of which D．that
8．①Is this factory ____ you visited last year？
②Is this the factory ____ you visited last year？
A．that B．of which C．the one D．where
9．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ____I can ask for help．
②When I have trouble，he is the only one ____ I can go for help．
A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who
10．①The reason ____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way．
②The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way．
A．for which B．which C．how D．what
翻译：
The social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, (其中较
大的一笔到明年将全部用完）。The road of life is long, but only a few steps are crucial especially during some years
(当人年轻的时候). （孩子们花费的时间）in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.
April Fool’s Day is that special day of the year （在这一天你可以捉弄别人）.
易混题
一．定语从句与并列句（注意用标点符号和连接词and, but等来区别。）
1.Mr Li has three daughters, none of________ is an engineer.
2.Mr Li has three daughters, but none of__________ is a dancer.
3.Mr Li has three daughters; __________ are doctors.
二. 定语从句与地点状语从句（看是否有先行词，如果有，就是定语从句，如果没有，就是状语从句）
1.Rice doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water.
2.I still remember the farm_____ my parents worked ten years ago.
三. 定语从句与强调句
强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而定语从句去掉了It be… that后句子就不完整了。
1. It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
It is the morning of May 1st _____ I met John at the airport.
2. It is in the factory _______John works.
It is the factory _______John works.
四. 定语从句与结果状语从句
在定语从句中，若先行词被such 修饰时，关系词要用as, 组成such…as结构.这个结构与状语从句such…that…（如此…以致…）很相似，要注意区别。若从句中的及物动词后无宾语，就是定语从句，用such…as.否则就是状语从句，用such…that.
1.I have the same computer _____you have. ( as)
2. She is such a kind girl _____all of us like to make friends with her. (that)
五. 定语从句与习惯句型.
注意固定句型：It is the first/second/third time that+ 从句（从句用现在完成时）
1.It is the first time ______she has been in Shanghai.
2.It was the time _______Chinese people had a hard life.
六. 定语从句与单句（注意标点符号。两个单句间用句号，而定语从句两个句子间用逗号。）
1.The mother told the lazy boy to work, ____didn’t help
2.The mother told the lazy boy to work. _____didn’t help.
1、倒装句（Inversion）
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
二、倒装结构的基本用法
翻译：
Television was not invented by any one person, (也不是一夜之间就出现的).
The organization had broken no rules, but (也没有很负责地执行规定).
（虽然他年龄不大）, he knows a lot of things.
高考专题 倒装句、定语从句
一、课前回顾 二、练习题错题讲解 三、语法讲解 装句 6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中，前面的句子要部分倒装: e.g.: No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. =Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. Not only does he like English but also he learns it well. 注：not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。 Not only he but also I went to the park. 7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表相同概念的肯定或否定时，要全部倒装: e.g.: I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he. She is a teacher, so am I. 8.so/such…that句型中，把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装: e.g.: Such an interesting film was it that they were all moved. So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him. So angry was he that he couldn’t say a word. 9.as引导的让步状语从句，常把表语、状语置于主首，用倒装: e.g.: Pretty as Mary is, she is not clever. Try as they might, they couldn’t get out of the trouble. 注：如果表语是单数可数名词，该词前一般不加冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. 倒装句练习 1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 3. If you don't go，neither ____. A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall 4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left. A. had I got，when B. I had got，than C. had I got，than D. did I get，when 5. ---- Your father is very strict with you.---- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he
倒 装 句(含讲解和题目)
倒装句 第一步：六级精彩套句展示 1. So + 形容词+ be + 主词+ that + 句子（如此…以至于…） 【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 这是六级考试作文部分经常用到的一个套句，也是我们在第一部分要学习的第一种句型——倒装句。 我们注意到这个句子的谓语动词“be”放到的了主语的前面，这种句子成分顺序和标准句型不一致的句型就是倒装句。 倒装（The Inversion），一般来说是一种较正式的句型，能考查考生的英文写作水平。在文章的开头用倒装句你的文章会因此而添色不少，也是写应试作文获取高分的亮点之一，所以我们一定要学会正确地使用它，恰当地用来阐述自己的观点。 2. adj. + as + Subject（主语）+ be, S. + V. + …（虽然…） 【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory. 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质却不是令人满意的。 v by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不 3. On no account can we + V. + …（我们绝对不能…） 【例】On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 第二步：语法精讲 1. 简介 倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装（complete inversion）。【例】Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了恶战。只将助动词（包括情态动词）移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。 At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口需要随时有人把守。 2. 六级必考句型 (1) Among the disadvantages that … may bring to … are that + S. + V., making + n. + adj. 【分析】有时候，为了强调“介词+ 宾语”结构，我们把它置于句首，此时句子需要全部倒装，在本句中我们把谓语动词“are”放在了主语结构“that…”的前面。
(全)新概念英语第二册语法详解：倒装句+定语从句+It的用法
新概念英语第二册语法详解：倒装句+定语从句+It的用法倒装句 知识要点： 英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。 一、倒装的类型 1.完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语之前。 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends. 2.部分倒装：只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。Seldom does he go to school late. 二、倒装结构的基本用法 1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装 1) 疑问句中，用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序 Where did he go last Monday?
Are you listening to the radio? 2) “there be”结构中，There are three wells in our village. There stands a big paper making factory by the river. 3) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中，使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。 There goes the bell. Now comes your turn to play Down she went. 4) 在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中，表示“……也不这样”，neither 和nor意思相同，可以替换使用；no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强，意为“也不……”。 I can’t swim, nor (neither) can she . He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there. He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 5) 用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中,从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）。
倒装句
倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，英语倒装 倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。 1、完全倒装 1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。例如：The teacher came in and the class began.（没有倒装）In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then 开头，后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装5）在强调状语时1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如：1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （不属于完全倒装） 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. （6）当句首状语为here,there,now,then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：1）Here is a ticket for you. 2）Now comes your turn. 3）Here he comes. （7）以关联词so （…that）开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。．在直接引语之后在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：1）“What do you
高中英语~倒装句讲解资料
高中英语~倒装句讲解资料 一、语序 在英语中，一样常见的语序为“主语+谓语+宾语”，此语序与汉语差不多相同，但定语在句子的位置，中文和英文略有差异，下面举例说明：定语的语序 (1)当定语是单词或动词–ing 形式时，在英语中多将定语放在被修饰的前面，与汉语相同。 例：He is a naughty boy. （形容词） (2)当定语是短语或定语从句时，其中短语包括：介词短语，分词短语，不定式短语，放在修饰词的后面。 例：I）She had a basket (full of apples) (短语) II) The boy (who is sleeping) is my little brother. (定语从句) III)The students(in the room)are from Asia.(介词短语) （3）当定语是副词或某些过去分词时,放在所修饰词后面。 例：I) The women (here) are for you.（副词） II) I like the books (written) by him.(过去分词) 状语的语序 在句子中假如同时有时刻状语和地点状语时，先地点后时刻：地点状语→时刻状语，这和汉语中状语的语序不同，汉语是先时刻后地点。 例：Ⅰ）My mother has lunch at the factory at noon. Ⅱ)At the airport last night two events take place. Ⅲ)I stayed there for 3 weeks last year. 二、倒装 Summary:主语和谓语的顺序分为两种： 自然语序：主语+谓语 倒装语序：谓语+主语 部分倒装和全部倒装
高中语法 非谓语动词 名词性从句 定语从句 主谓一致 倒装句 虚拟语气 情态动词
非谓语20. ______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground. A. Entering B. Having entered C. He entered D. Mrs Green entering 22. ______ her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard 23. They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut. A. found B. to find C. find D. finding 24. ----Do you have anything more ______, sir? ----No. You can have a rest or do something else. A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 25. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing 26. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time. A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled 名词性从句1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear. A. When B. What C. That D. / 2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when 3. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult. A. How B. That C. Which D. What 4. _____ that there is another good harvest this year. A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said 5. _____ that she has received a doctor‘s degree. A. It’s a splendid news B. This is a splendid news C. It‘s splendid news D. This is splendid news 6. _____ still needs to be discussed. A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan carried out 定语从句46. This is the best novel _______ I have ever read. A. which B. what C. as D. that 47. This is the first play _____ I have seen since I came here. A. which B. that C. as D. what 48. The lady ____ is a woman scientist. A.whom you spoke B. with which you spoke C.whom you said to D.you spoke to 49. The way _____ you are doing it is completely crazy. A. that B. which C. as D. what 50. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _______ family was poor. A .of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 51. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 16.We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
倒装句
倒装句(主倒,从不倒) (一)全倒装：1,句型there be(有) + 某物(主语) +在某处(介词短语); 2,表语(形容词/过去分词/介词短语)+Be+主语 3,用于“here(there, now, then, out, up, in, down, away etc) + vi +S(主语)以表示强调; Here comes the bus. Away hurried the man. 但代词作主语,主谓语序不变。Away he hurried. 4,表示地点的介词词组作状语在句首时+vi +S(主语); 5,So/Nor/Neither/+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语(也可+与前句不同的另外谓语动词) 两个不同动词的句子用so it is / was with sb.= it is/was the same with sb.(So+主语+谓语:"的确如此") 6,为了保持句子平衡,或强调使上下文紧密衔接时; They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy。 (二)半倒装：1,as表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句:名词(无冠词)/形容词/副词/动词+as+主语+谓语 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Much as I like it, I’ll not buy it. Try as he would, he might fail again. 2,省略if条件句中:were/had/should +主语+部分谓语+其它:If I were you=Were I you, I would go. 3, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, not, at no time, in no way, not only, not once, many a time,hardly had+S+done...when,n o sooner..than,not until,so+adj./adv…that,such+adj.+n.…that, every two hours,now and then, every other day, not everywhere, nowhere(else)等副词在句首时 +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主谓; 4,O nly+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/ 系动词/情态动词+主谓。。。但跟主语不倒装。 5,用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed! Long live the people! May you all be happy! (三)强调句：It is/ was +被强调的部分（人）用who/that，其它一律用that连接+剩余部分。 I t is in the evening that we got to the top of the hill. It is evening when we got to the top of the hill. 疑问词+ is/ was it that----?Where was it that you picked up the wallet yesterday? He asked me where it was that I picked up the wallet yesterday. 1,Only in this way---do it well. A, must we b, we could c, can we d ,we can 2,Hardly---when it began to rain.A, had he arrived b, arrived he c, he had arrived d, did he arrive 3,Jack is a student and studies at the No.1 Middle School..------. A, It was the same with Mike b, So it is with Mike c, So is Mike d, So does Mike 4,The doctor warned Pat against smoking as soon as possible and---. A, So it was with Pat b, so did Pat c, Pat did so d, Pat does so 5,Mr Smith promised to help me and---the next day. A, neither he did b, so he did c, neither did he d, so did he 6,---your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A, If I could have received b, If I received c, Should I receive d, Had I received 7,Not until the bell rang---in。a, do they come b, came they c, did they come d, they came 8,At the gate---a soldier---uniform。A, lying,in b lain, worn c, laid, dressing d, lay, in 9,Look! There---the bus! A, will come b, comes c, has come d, is coming 10,Not only---a writer but he was an artist for a time。A, he is b, he was c, is he d, was he 11,Not a single mistake---in the dictation yesterday。A, did he make b, made by him c, he made d, he had made12,No sooner---his talk than he---the workers。A, he finished, surrounded all b, did he finish,did surround c, had he finished, was surrounded by d, after he finished, was surrounded near 13,Little---know about verbs, Franz---his head。A did he, dared not lift b, he, dare not lift c, did he, dare not to lift d, doesn’t, doesn’t dare lift 14,Look!---。A, Out the girl went b, Went the girl out c, Away went the girl d, Away the girl went 15, Never---forget the days when---together with you。a, shall I, I live b, shall I, did I live
英语倒装句的用法讲解
英语倒装句的用法讲解 倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。 完全倒装 1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词，而非助动词)。 例如：The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装) In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来，然后开始上课。) 2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。 例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。) 。 3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装 5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： 1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. — 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如： 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装) 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. (6)当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如： 1)Here is a ticket for you. 2)Now comes your turn. 3)Here he comes. (7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： 1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. (
第二讲 定语从句与倒装句
第二讲定语从句与倒装句 一、复习：虚拟语气 1)I wish _______________ (我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2)If only _______________ (他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. 3)——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? ——I’d rather he ______________ _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). 4)It’s high time that ______________ _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). 5)Hugh usually talks ______________ _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). 6)We insist that _______________ (让杰克立刻进医院). 7)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________ (取消期中考试). 8)It is essential that ______________ _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 9)_______________ (如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey. 10)I was to have made a speech ______________ _(要不是有人把我的话打断了). 11)_______________ (如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now. 12)If the doctor had not come in time, _______________ (他现在就不在人间了). 13)But for his help, _______________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). 14)Were I in your place, _______________ (我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 15)Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了). 二、语法讲解 定语从句（Attributive clauses） 在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。构成: 先行词+ 关系词+ 从句 1．关系代词： 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。例如： Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物） The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人） 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside. （which / that在句中作主语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
英语高考重点语法定语从句与写作
英语高考重点语法定语从句与写作 高中英语重点语法：定语从句 01 定语从句基本概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 02 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，as 等。 关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 03 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如： The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。 04 关系代词的用法 1. that that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2. which which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3. who， whom who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语) 4. as
(完整版)倒装句的讲解
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装 一、全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。下列情况要使用全部倒装: 1、表示方位的副词（如up,down，in ，away，round,here,there)放在句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词（如go，come,run，rush，fly),主语是名词（注:不能是代词）： In came a girl she had not seen before.进来一个她从未见过的姑娘. Up went the arrow into the air。 Following the roar,out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. Round and round flew the plane.飞机反复盘旋. Here comes the train to Beijing. 但主语如果是人称代词，则句子不用倒装，主语仍置于动词之前. The door opened and in she came. Away she ran。 Here it comes. 【注】在全部倒装中谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时。 2、表示时间的副词now，then放在句首，句子的谓语动词是come,主语是名词（不能是代词)。Now comes your turn。 Then came a new difficulty. 3、介词短语放在句首作状语，句子的位于动词不是及物动词（如lie,stand，sit，exist，stretch，come)或系动词be，主语是名词。 In the doorway stood a man with a gun。 After the banquet came a firework display in the garden.
定语从句常见考点归纳
定语从句常见考点归纳 一、疑问句中考查定语从句 1. Is this the farm _____you visited last week? A. where B. the one C. on which D. / 【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的准确选择。遇到这类 定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在 定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定准确答案。 二、倒装句中考查定语从句 2. We came to a place,_____ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where 【解析】准确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的 结构变得较为特殊，所以对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序， 这样句子结构就比较清晰了。 三、拆分词组和固定搭配 3. The second is connected with the use______the body makes of food. A. of which B. where C. to do D. that 4. Why can’t you realize the part_____ they have played in our life? A. which B. on which C. when D. where 【解析】答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先 把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a part (in)。 四、添加插入语或状语 5. The scientist has made another discovery,_____ I believe is of great importance. A. that B. / C. which_____ D. why 【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入 语有： I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最正确的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干局部就一 目了然了。 五、插入非谓语动词 6. Is this the man_____ you want to have_____ the radio for me? A. who; repaired B. that; repaired C. whom; repairing D. that; repair 【解析】D项准确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入 非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如： 我们能够把几个句子中的定语从句实行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man
倒装句精讲
倒装句精讲 倒装是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构或强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以全部或部分颠倒。因此倒装有两种: 将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装。如:Only once was John late to class. 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 修辞倒装说明 一、倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。主句用倒装语序，从句仍用自然语序！被强调的状语一般为副词（如then等）、介词短语（如in this way等）或状语从句（如when从句等）。 Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 如果only强调的是主语部分，虽然也在句首，仍用自然语序！ 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 二、承上启下 有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 三、制造悬念,渲染气氛 在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如: Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。 四、平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全 倒装语序。 Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to som e other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如: Such would be our hom e in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。 3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如: Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。 动词be后的成分较短，而主语相对较长时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，或为了强调也可倒装，即把be后的成分提到句首。这种倒装占了修辞倒装的大部分。 1) be后为形容词(短语)： Best was the Christmas pudding among all the foods. (注意：最高级best前冠词省略。) 所有食物中圣诞布丁最好吃。 Excellent is his resum e, but stupid is his person. 他的简历做得很好看，但他这个人很笨。 2) be后为分词(短语)： Gone forever are the days when he walked on crutches. 他拄拐杖走路的日子永远结束了。 3)be后为介词短语： Up the hill is a spring. 半山腰处有一股泉水。 五、使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away,over等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。这种句子的谓语动词通常是go, come, rush, fly, fall等表示动的不及物动词的肯定式的一般现在时或一般将来时形式。如: Out ran a group of children.一群孩子跑了出来。 Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! 、Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响! Away went the car like a whirlwind. 汽车像旋风一样飞驰而过。 Down fell many apples. 噼噼啪啪掉落一地苹果。