2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第二讲名词性从句详解
名词性从句（自招）
名词性从句
◆定义：名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中起名词性作用，
◆分类：主语从句，状语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句，
◆引导名词性从句的
1）连接词：that,whether,if
2)关系代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever
1.主语从句
◆that 引导的主语从句
1)句首
That a round-rip to Mars would take more than a year and a half is estimated.
That he misunderstood me is obvious.
1）引导的主语从句直接放在句首，it只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，2）用形式主语计来引导句子
that引导的主语从句放在句后时，为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的that
引导的主语从句放在句后。
It is strange that he made no answer.
ti地known to all that the earth is round.
用it做形式主语的主语从句结构
1）It+be+名词+that从句
It is a fact that.…事实是……
It is a pity that… 可惜的是
It is a question that… …是个问题
It is an honor that-....非常荣幸
It is a shame that….真是可耻
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a wonder that ....真是个奇迹
2）It+ be + 形容词+that从句
It is certain that... 很肯定...
It is natural that... 很自然...
It is clear/evident that… 很清楚…
It is fortunate that... 很幸运…
It is better that... 最好…
It is (un)likely/probable that... 很有（不太）可能…
3）It+be+过去分词+that从句
It is said that... 据说...
It is believed that... 人们认为…
It is reported that... 据报道…
It is not known that... …不为人知
It is to be discussed that... …要讨论
It has been proved that... …已证明
It must be pointed out that... …必须指出
It is estimated that... 据估计…
4）it+不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that... 好像是.……
It happened that...碰巧..….
It turned out that...结果...……
It follows that-…由此可见...……
It matters that…要紧的是.….
It occurred to me that.--我想到..…
It struck me that…我想到....
◆Wh-引导的主语从句
1)句首
How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.
What he needs is more experience.
Who will be our new director hasn't been decided.
Whether she would play the part is still doubtful.
2）用形式主语it来引导句子
I has not been decided yet whether she will go by bus or by train.
It is not very clear what they are talking about.
Exercises:
1. all behavior is learned is a basic assumption of social scientists.
A.It is nearly
B.Nearly
C.That nearly
D.As
2.It is during his spare time Anderson has been studying a course in history.
A.when
B.that
C.which D what
3.it is not your fault this has happened.
A what B.where C.if D.that
4. makes mistakes must correct them.
A.Who
B.Whoever
C.He
D.Anyone
5. is where he gets all his money from.
A. What l cannot understand it.
B. That I cannot understand it
C. What l can't understand
D. Which l can't understand it
6. some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.
A.That
B.What
C.How
D.Since
7. that not all government officials are honest.
A. It seems to me
B. In my opinion,I believe
C.My believing is
D.I think in my mind
8. is of no concern to us.
A. It rains or not
B. If it rains or not
C. Whether it rains or not
D. Will it rain or not
Keys: CBDBB AAC
2.表语从句
◆that引导的表语从句
The fact is that he didn’t notice the car till too late.
One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature.
What surprised me most was that he got full score.
◆wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
The problem is how we can keep in touch with them.
This was why they complained about the assignments.
Exercises:
1.The reason why I didn't go to school that day was ill.
A.due to
B.that l fell
C. because of falling
D. Because l fell
2His first question was Tom had arrived yet.
A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.what
3. surprised me was he couldn't speak English.
A. That /that
B. What/what
C. Who/that
D. What/that
4.Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
Keys:BBD
3.同位语从句
同位语从句是与先行词同位或同等的从句，先行调常为名词如news,fact,truth,conclusion,
Hope,decision, belief,opinion,belie,view,feeling,.suggestion,proposal,etc
◆that引导的同位语从句
The fact that his health is failing is not true.
I doubt the report that the ship sank on its first voyage.
◆wh-引导的同位语从句
I have no idea how soon they are coming.
Have you any idea where they are having a rehearsal?
Exercise:
1. Scientists have reached the conclusion the temperature on the earth is getting higher and higher.
A. when
B. which
C.that
D. but
2.They were faced with the problem continue the wok.
A. if hey should
B. whether should they
C. that they should
D. Whether they should
3.The fact he has been to college is no sign he is cultured.
A.which/that
B.that/that
C.that/which
D.which/that
4.That's the best film I have ever seen.
A. which
B.who
C.that
D.whom
Keys:CCBC
同位语从句的隔裂
Evidence came up that he committed the crime.
Word came that their team had won the match.
有时同位语从句不是紧跟在与之同位的名词之后，而是被某些成分分开。that在句子里连接一个和同位语割裂开的同位语从句。
◆that 引导的宾语从句（that可省略）
I hope that you will enjoy your stay here.
We all agreed that it would be a mistake not to take his advice.
(suggest,demand,insist,order,etc)
◆wh-引导的宾语从句
She asked what second language I was studying then.
I wonder whether/if there is any need to spend so much money on the party.
She will write a book on how young mothers should raise their babies.
I know nothing about the man except that he is an Indian.
Criticism is necessary in that it helps to correct our mistakes.
宾语从句的疑问词提前
do you think，do you believe, do you suppose,do you suggest,do you imagine,do you expect, do
you guess, do you assume, etc.
Who do you think will win the match?
What do you suppose we should do with the pollution?
Where do you believe they would go?
宾语从句的语序
He asked what had happened.
He didn't know what was the matter.
He wondered what was wrong.
两个that分句同时作句子的宾语时，第二个that通常不省略。
They believed (that) land did not belong to people but that people belong to land.
He told me (that)his parents encouraged him to go abroad and that he would do so.
介词后面的宾语从句
that通常不能跟在介词后面做宾语，但是在介词in，except,besides,but, save 之后可跟that
从句，in that（因为，在…….方面），except that（除了），besides that（除了），but that（要
不是），save that（除了），etc.
The Chicago Buildings was different in that each of its stories was complete in itself.
doubt 后面的从句
doubt（肯定）+ whether/wh-
don't doubt that
There is no doubt that
Exercises
1.We consider the instrument should be adjusted each time It is used.
A.that it necessary
B.necessary that
C.it necessary that
D.necessary of it that
2.You will see to the engine does not get out of order.
A.that
B.however
C.it that
D.which
3.They believed that land did not belong to people but people belong to land.
A.that
B.when
C.where
D.how
4.I am doubtful he is still alive.
A.that
B.whether
C.what
D.when
5.I have no doubt we shall be able to do something for you.
A.that
B.if
C.what
D.whether
6.You can't imagine .
A.what did we have awful weather.
B.what weather awful did we have.
C.what awful weather we did have
D.what awful weather had we
7.The old gentleman never fails to help is in need of his help.
A.who
B.whoever
C.one
D.whomever
8.I will give this dictionary to wants to have it.
A.whomever
B. someone
C.whoever
D.anyone
9.The Chicago Buildings was different each of its stories was complete in itself.
A.from which
B.from that
C.in which
D.in that
10.The people at the party were worried about Mary because no one was aware she had gone.
A .where that B.of the place where C. of where D. of what Keys:CCABA CBCDB
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2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第四讲非限定性动词训练题 答案
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2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第二讲名词性从句详解
名词性从句（自招） 名词性从句 ◆定义：名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中起名词性作用， ◆分类：主语从句，状语从句，宾语从句及同位语从句， ◆引导名词性从句的 1）连接词：that,whether,if 2)关系代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever 1.主语从句 ◆that 引导的主语从句 1)句首 That a round-rip to Mars would take more than a year and a half is estimated. That he misunderstood me is obvious. 1）引导的主语从句直接放在句首，it只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，2）用形式主语计来引导句子 that引导的主语从句放在句后时，为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的that 引导的主语从句放在句后。 It is strange that he made no answer. ti地known to all that the earth is round. 用it做形式主语的主语从句结构 1）It+be+名词+that从句 It is a fact that.…事实是…… It is a pity that… 可惜的是 It is a question that… …是个问题 It is an honor that-....非常荣幸 It is a shame that….真是可耻 It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It is a wonder that ....真是个奇迹 2）It+ be + 形容词+that从句 It is certain that... 很肯定... It is natural that... 很自然... It is clear/evident that… 很清楚… It is fortunate that... 很幸运… It is better that... 最好… It is (un)likely/probable that... 很有（不太）可能… 3）It+be+过去分词+that从句 It is said that... 据说... It is believed that... 人们认为… It is reported that... 据报道…
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2020-2021学年上海市闵行区华二紫竹中学 高三上学期英语期中试卷 II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How can we help students do better at school? Maybe we should subsiding gym memberships and make-up for the teachers we already have. (21)________, at least, are the implications of a new study from researchers at the University of Nevada. They designed a simple experiment to see whether a lecturer's attractiveness has any impact on (22)_______ _______ of the lecture students remember. Here is how the experiment was carried out. At first, the researchers conducted the experiment (23)________131 college student were asked to listen to a recording of a 20-minute introductory physics lecture. All of the students, randomly (24)________(assign) to a male or female lecture, read exactly the same text. While the lecture was playing, a computer screen displayed a photo of the lecturer--who was highly attractive in some cases and (25)_______(eye-catching) in others. Taking notes was not allowed in the course. After the lecture, participants got a 25-question quiz on the lecture. For those with the attractive instructor, the average score was 18.27; for those with an ordinary one, the average was 16.68, seemingly not huge gap (26)_______ statistically significant, the researchers said. Participants were asked to evaluate the lecturers after (27) _______ (quiz). Sure enough, students found the attractive instructors more motivational, easier to follow and (28) _______(possess) greater health, intelligence and competence. They also generally agreed on the attractiveness of the lecturers. So do the new findings mean that schools should hire better-looking, teachers? R. Shane Westfall, the lead author of the new paper, notes that (29)_______ _______ the performance differences in his study amounted to about half of a letter grade, teaching training, experience and dedication would probably make a bigger difference. Interestingly, earlier studies have found that good-looking people are more likely to get hired in almost any context- suggesting that schools may (30)_______(hire) the more attractive teachers. 【答案】 21.those 22. how much 23. where 24.assigned25. less eye-catching26. But 27.being quizzed
2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第二讲名词性从句训练题 答案
名词性从句训练题 1. has recently been done to provide more services and facilities, the residents still complain about the great difficulty in receiving medical health care. A. What B. That C. In spite of what D. Though what 2. The date 5.12 is a special number, , I think, that will be remembered by the Chinese forever. A.what B.which C.it D.one 3. Please contact the secretary for the minutes of the meeting. yesterday is of great importance to the development of our business. A. That we discussed B. What we discussed C. How did we discuss D. What did we discuss 4. Humans painted lively creatures such as cows, bulls, horses, and even cats on the walls of the caves remains a mystery. A. What B. Where C. That D. Why 5. Although Jim had expected something special from Della, he was still surprised by he saw. A.what B.which C.that D.how 6. I don’t know much about the new reform except a sound social security net should be established. A.that B.whether C.what D.where 7. The reason why I declined your invitation to the picnic was a job interview that day. A.because I had B.because of having C.due to D.that I had 8. really matters is you do, you must do it well. A. What;what B. Whatever; whatever C. What;whatever D.whatever; what 9. may be the reason, she is going to become an actress. A. What B. That C. Whatever D. It 10.Word came the long-awaited agreement was reached after seven months of negotiation ended at 3 am yesterday. A.What B.that C.when D.which 11.The majority of 1.3 million people who voted online are in favor of a new public holiday plan eliminates one of the three Golden Week holidays and adds three traditional festivals to the holiday list. A.that B.whether C.what D.where 12. -- All the building materials have been washed away. --So l have heard.But there was no sign a heavy rain was on the way last night. A.when B.that C.which D.if 13. Desertificaticn（沙溪化），the name for happens when farmable land is turned into desert, is a growing world problem. A.which B.where C.what D.how 14.Obviously, there was little probability they would succeed,but hey
2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第四讲非限定性动词(非谓语)详解
第四讲非限定性动词（非谓语） 非限定性动词（非谓语）的基本概念 非限定性动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但是可用作其他句子成分。有以下三种形式： To do --------infinitive 不定式 V. +ing -------gerund 动名词 Participle ------- -ing participle现在分词-ed participle 过去分词 Infinitives 动词不定式 1.作主语 To finish the work on time is not easy. =It’s not easy to finish the work on time. （it形式主语，动词不定式真实主语） It is hard for us to learn German. It is really kind of you to say so. 在表示人物性格，特征等形容词的后面常用of: kind, nice, wise, clever, careful, careless, right, wrong, considerate, thoughtful, foolish, silly, stupid, good, polite, grateful, brave, rude, honest, bold, absurd, courageous, cruel, wicked, ... etc. 2.作表语 His wish is to become a teacher. The purpose of the project is to improve students’ reading ability. 说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作 主语常用：wish, purpose, aim, difficulty, function, plan, principle, problem, rule, task *作表语时，主语部分有do All you need do now is (to) put the books in order. The only thing you can do is (to) tell the truth. 3.作宾语 I want to see the new film. I promise to do it myself. =I promise that I will do it myself. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. (it 形式宾语，动词不定式真实宾语) *只用to do，不用-ing做宾语的动词 agree, afford, arrange, ask, attempt, bother, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, tend, threaten, trouble, undertake, volunteer, want, wish 4.作宾语补足语 (1) The rules require all the passengers to show their tickets.
2017-2018学年上海市华二紫竹紫竹初三英语自招第一讲定语从句训练题 答案
定语从句 The Relative Clause 练习： 1.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m, ______many people have gone home. A.whose time B.by which time C.that D.on which 2.There were dirty marks on her trousers _______she had wiped her hands. A.where B.which C.where D.why 3.Citizens are longing for good housing conditions _______children have their separate bedrooms. A.as B.which C.where D.when 4.The terrible disease, ______already kills an estimated 1.4 million people each year, _______has grown resistant _______standard medicines. A.that；to B.which；to C.that；against D.which；against 5.People tend to make friends with one_______ they obviously have a lot in common. A.whom B.with whom C.that D.about whom 6.The generals complained that the Defense Department had not sent the extra men and equipment ________they needed. A.as B.which C.that D.who 7.They were volunteers _______to help elderly people cross the streets A.whose was the task B.to whom the task was C.whose task it was D.it was whose task. 8.Only those _______ know well could be let in. A.who B.he C.did he D.he did 9.Is this university _______they paid a visit to last months? A.which B.where C.the one D.which you 10.Children under sixteen are not permitted to see such films ______bad for their mental development. A.as B.that are C.as they are D.as are 11.Edith has invented a device ________ can solve the problem of saving electricity. A.what she claims B.she claims it C.as she claims that D.which she claims 12.Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_____went wrong again. A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired 13.I will never forget the days_______ we spent together in the village. A./ B.when C.what D.how 14.Has everything______ can be done________done?
上海市上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含解析
上海交通大学附属中学2018学年度第二学期 高一英语期中试卷 第I卷 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (28’+10’+10”) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1.________ has been done to develop the habit of reading aloud in the morning, his pronunciation remains a serious problem. A. In spite of that B. Despite what C. Although he D. Though what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和连接代词。句意：尽管已经采取了措施来培养早晨大声朗读的习惯，但是他的发音仍然是个严重的问题。分析句子可知，despite为介词后接宾语从句作宾语，宾语从句中缺少主语，所以由连词代词what来充当宾语从句的主语。故选B项。 2.________ is the centre of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages. A. It’s the sun and not the earth B. The sun and not the earth C. Being the sun and not the earth D. That the sun and not the earth 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：太阳而不是地球是我们行星系统的中心，这在中世纪是一个很难理解的概念。分析句子可知，整个句子为主系表结构，was为系动词，它之前的都为主语，且主语由句子来充当，句子结构以及句意完整，所以连词代词为that。故选D项。 【点睛】当that用作连接词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，that在从句中既不充当任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用。一般不可省略。 分析句子可知，整个句子为主系表结构，was为系动词，它之前的都为主语，且主语由句子来
上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2017-2018学年自主招生英语试题 Word版含答案
华二2017-2018学年自招试卷（八） Lecture Nine Words and phrases Choice: 1.What you said just now________me of that American professor.(mentioned,informed,reminded,memorized) 2.Fred is second to none in maths in our class,but believe it or not,he_______passed the last exam.(easily,hardly,actually,successfully) 3.She is______to leave as soon as possible.(hurried,worried,anxious,nervous) 4.Mary has______a difficult question to me.(put,asked,made up,set) 5.Will you_____me a favor,please?(give,make,do,bring) 6.Some of the houses on the hillside are________to cars.(impossible,inconvenient,inadequate,inaccessible) 7.If you are_______about Australian cities,just read the book written by Dr.Johnson.(interested,curious,anxious,upset) 8.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,wind and other forms of_________.(source,power,material,energy) 9.The cars give off a great deal of waste gas in the streets.Yes.But I’m sure something will be done to _______air pollution.(remove,reduce,warn,collect) 10.The thing that_______is not whether you fail or not,but whether you try or not.(cares,considers,matters,minds) 11.Although she has taken the medicine for two months,she can’t_______the cold.(take off,do away,get rid of,put away) 12.We had a few _______days of rest in the mountain area.(quiet,silent,calm,still) 13.Two important secrets of long life are regular exercise and_____from worry.(feelings,motion,freedom,process) 14.If you disobey traffic rules,I think it will______you much trouble.(offer,take,give,cause.) 15.What does she is often contrary________what she says.(against,for,to,on) 16.I would rather stay at home_______swim.(than,to ,for,instead of) 17.We all find that Mr.White seems to be_________these days.(more thankful,more considerate,more personal,more surprising) 18.In the field of medicine,nowadays,the new______of psychology seems to be more popular.(application,reply,relief,practice) 19.The bedroom was in a state of______because of these naughty boys.(dirty,disorder,mind,confidence) 20.The special service____all the members of the club.(is needed to,is needed for,is available to,is available with) 21.You are so kind to me that I wonder how i can_________you your help.(award,reward,grant,deserve) 22.People used to_______that the earth was flat.(trust,believe,believe in, assure) 23.Can i ______this novel for three weeks?(take,lend,borrow,keep) 24.His brother will be____to work in the countryside.(taken,brought,sent,carried) 25.She said she______the countryside to the city.(picked,chose,preferred,selected) 26.The Chinese nation_______more than 50 national minorities besides the
2017-2018学年上海市普陀区曹杨二中高一下学期英语期中考试试卷
2017-2018学年上海市普陀区曹杨二中高一下学期英语期中考试试卷I. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分） Section A （10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There's a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called."So Much Trouble in the World".Marley understands that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people.The United Nations understands this too and that's(21)_______it made Nov.16 "International Day for Tolerance." But first of all, what is tolerance?French philosopher V oltaire(1694-1778)(22) give us some help.According to him,tolerance"is the consequence of humanity." "We are all formed of frailty(脆弱)and error, let us pardon each other's folly(总微)-that is the first law of nature,”Nobody is perfect.When we(23) (temp)(诱惑)to criticize another person,we should perhaps remember our own imperfections first. Very often,people don't realize that they're intolerant.This is(24)_______intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance.For example, the U.N.'s campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males.But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don't put(25)_______sin the shoes of women. It's worth thinking a little about the words"tolerance"and"intolerance."Are they(26)_______(good)words to describe the evils of which we are speaking here?To agree to be"tolerant”of someone isn't necessarily a very respectful thing.When someone is tolerated,it implies that there's something wrong with them. But it seems wrong that people should agree to "tolerate" people(27)_______black skin,for example.And should women think they(28)_______(receive)the respect they deserve when men agree to"tolerate”them? Still,(29)_______Voltaire said stands:"We humans are not perfect and that's the reason why we should be tolerant."It's a little like generosity(慷慨).We can give things to another person,and we can also give our forgiveness.Bob-Marley understands this.In the song(30)_______(mention)above,he advises:"All you got to do:give a little." 【答案】 21.why22. can23. are tempted24. because 25.themselves 26.the best 27. with 28. have received 29. what 30. mentioned 【解析】 21. 考查表语从句，句子中缺少原因状语，因此用why引导。 22. 考查情态动词，主语为三单，谓语动词是原形，故应考虑情态动词，再者根据意思，是要表达“能够，可以”，故应用can。 23. 考查固定搭配，be temped to do sth.想要做某事。 24. 考查表语从句，从句表原因，故应用because引导。 25. 考查代词，根据句意理解，“男性不会把自己的罪行归咎于女性”，故应用themselves。